محمد هاشمی

This research uses the theory of Joseph Hillis Miller, a contemporary theorist of narrative, to study several theories about the functions of the beginning in the cinematic narrative in the movie Passengers, made by Bahram Beizai. The questions of this research are as follows: firstly, with the centrality of the three functions that Miller provides for the narrative, how can the beginning be made in the film Passengers based on the views of the cinematic narration of Michael Tierno, Laura Schellhart, Charlie Moritz and Edward Forster analyzed? And secondly, the three functions of the narrative in the view of Joseph Hillis Miller, about the beginning in the narration of the film Passengers, can be explained in what detail? The aim of this research is to show how conflicting functions of narration in movies start their narrative and move them forward. The result of this article shows that the film Passengers reveals the critical function in opposition to the creative function of the narrative from Hillis Miller's point of view. That is, it opposes the dominant culture that regards death and the end as superior to life and continuation and guards this culture and insists on a culture based on the preservation of life to the extent that either all the movie characters and audience firmly believe in the authenticity of this alternative culture, which emphasizes the superior intrinsic aspect of life against the apparent inferior aspect of death.

Today, one of the most effective and appropriate treatment strategies for edentulous areas is the use of dental implants to improve esthetics and chewing, which may affect the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dental implant treatment on OHRQoL in patients referred to specialized private practices.

In this retrospective study, 349 patients who underwent dental implant procedures in private practices of maxillofacial surgeons or periodontists in Sari from 2018 to 2022 were randomly selected. These patients were asked to complete the OHIP-14 questionnaire to evaluate their OHRQoL. The variables of age, gender, implant site, and the number of implants were examined in relation to quality of life. Based on the average scores from the questionnaire, each patient was categorized into one of the following groups: very good (0–11), good (12–22), average (23–34), bad (35–45), and very bad (46–56). The data were then analyzed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression tests, with a significance level set at P=0.05.

A total of 325 questionnaires were completed, with 167 (51.4%) patients being female, and the mean age of the participants was 44.18 ± 8.46 years. The overall mean OHRQoL after implant treatment was good (16.80±3.56). In total, 98.8% of the patients reported good OHRQoL, while only 1.2% reported poor OHRQoL. Significant differences were found between the number of implants, implant site, time elapsed since implant treatment, and gender in relation to OHRQoL (P<0.001, P=0.025, P=0.048, and P<0.001, respectively). Patients with a higher number of implants had lower OHRQoL, and those who had received implants more than three years prior had better OHRQoL compared to those treated within the last three years. Furthermore, the average OHRQoL was higher in women than in men. OHRQoL was also lower in older patients compared to younger ones (P<0.001). The number of implants, with a standard beta coefficient of 0.450, had the highest regression effect on OHRQoL.

OHRQoL in patients with implants in both jaws was significantly lower than in those with implants only in the upper or lower jaw. As the duration since implant treatment increases, OHRQoL decreases significantly. OHRQoL was higher in women and younger patients. Among the influencing factors, the number of implants had the greatest impact on OHRQoL, while age and gender had the least influence.

According to Aristotle, the character of tragedy must be morally good, that is, virtuous, and in order to be on the path to happiness, it must observe the rule of moral moderation through selective and conscious action. Accordingly, this study raises the question of how to explain the link between action and moral character. To ponder and explain the answer to this question, the Poetics is read and interpreted alongside Nicomachean ethics. The aim is to show the various aspects of action and its relation with character and morality, both positively and negatively, by relying on the relationship between action and moral character in the Poetics. The importance and necessity of this research is that it will help to clarify important parts of the Poetics, relying on its place in the system of Aristotle's moral philosophy. The conclusion to be drawn from this research is that the Poetics should be read in the context of Aristotle's philosophy - especially the Ethics - and also the action, in the thought that governs the Poetics, while it is related to moral character but also takes precedence on it.

Although Mg-Si alloys have promising potential applications in various industries, their mechanical properties are challenged by the presence of coarse primary and eutectic Mg2Si particles and their heterogeneous distribution in the microstructure. To address this issue, several methods have been employed to refine the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties. This study examines the effects of equal channel angular pressing on the microstructural evolution and shear strength of an as-cast Mg-2Si alloy. The alloy was initially extruded at 350 °C and then underwent four passes of equal channel angular pressing at 200 °C. Microstructural analysis was conducted using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Shear strength was assessed using the shear punch test. The obtained results indicated that the equal channel angular pressing process led to a more homogeneous distribution of the Mg2Si particles within the microstructure compared to the as-cast alloys, significantly improving the shear strength. In particular, ultimate shear stress  showed a significant increase from 87 MPa in the as-cast condition to 122 MPa after equal channel angular pressing, corresponding to 40 % improvement.

Since theorists began to study art as an independent subject, there have been many opinions about the relationship between art and real life, which includes a wide range of the autonomy of art and its subsumption. This relationship is the relationship between the sensible and the reasonable. According to Rancière's theories, it is not possible to access the realm of meaning and convey a message through the work of art. Meaning is constructed in the minds of individuals by interpreting sensory stimuli received through their senses. The function of this system is to assign identities, roles, and positions to people. The action of opposing this system leading to redistribution of the sensible, is called politics. The aesthetic regime is a specific way of thinking and formulation of art that considers artistic sensible as a means of thought. From Rancière's point of view, this regime is related to politics through the redistribution of the senses, and in this way, it leads to the emancipation of the audience.In the current research, the ethical, representational, and aesthetic regimes of art will be defined from Rancière's point of view. Then, the relationship between aesthetics and politics is explained specifically with theater. Finally, a descriptive-analytical approach is utilized to ascertain, based on library data, the artistic regime within which "The Blacks" by Jean Genet can be categorized. As the results of the research show, in this play, Genet deals with politics and redistribution of roles and identities by creating a gap in consensus, breaking conventional dichotomies, breaking the principles of representation, and presenting unusual objects, and in this way, this play can be considered as belonging to the aesthetic regime.The current research is a descriptive-analytical study of the play "The Blacks" by Jean Genet and by referring to library data, examines which of Rancière's artistic regimes this play can be placed in. As the results of the research show, in this play, by breaking the principles of drama, presenting unusual objects, going beyond the framework of representational logic, and breaking conventional dichotomies, Genet deals with politics and redistribution of roles and identities, and in this way, this play can be considered as belonging to the aesthetic regime of art.

The present article deals with the study and review of the theoretical foundations and practical practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda courts in dealing with the concept of legal security. Since security, as a situation that brings forth mental and intellectual peace of a person, has legal effects on social relations, it has been attended to by the legal, legislative, and judicial systems of the countries since a long time ago, and the mechanisms for its establishment have been set out to guarantee the fundamental rights of people. The destruction of domestic governmental and non-governmental organizations, especially the judicial system in the two mentioned territories (the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda), highlights the domestic inability of these countries to establish transitional justice and national reconciliation between the militant groups and the survivors and victims of international crimes. These courts were created as a part of the global strategy to end violence and prevent its reoccurrence, establish justice in the mentioned territories, and establish international peace and security. therefore, by anticipating the most important aspects of the protection and guarantee of the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals (including the accused, suspects,  convicts, victims, and witnesses), the goal of legal security has been made possible to reach.
The main question of the article is, what impact have the mentioned courts had on the establishment of the principle of legal security in the international arena and the relevant countries?
Literature Review
Although many books, treatises, dissertations, and articles have been authored on each of the topics of this research on both the domestic and international stage, the research method of this essay that considers the function of these two international criminal courts in the creation of this principle is unprecedented. Therefore, the following article is new research. finding a solid and meaningful link between the objective criteria of the principle of legal security and the decisions and opinions of the courts in their judicial proceedings is the main innovation of the present research. The purpose of this research is to show the practical approach of the mentioned international criminal courts towards legal security.

this research is both an "applied research" and a "fundamental" one in terms of its purpose, results, and use. The research method is "descriptive and analytical" in terms of the nature of the subject and the method of analysis. The data collection has been through library research, i.e., reference to academic and personal libraries, legal research centers, and accessing books, articles, theses, magazines, academic theses, and websites.
Accordingly, We Will Discuss the Following
The Concept of Security in the Domestic and International Arena
In general, security is a situation where a kind of reasonable and proportionate link is between the demands and the possessions of the actors in a political and legal community which ultimately leads to the satisfaction of those actors. The concept of legal security has entered the international arena from the domestic laws of the countries, and various forms of human security have been met with the approval of the most important international documents (such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).
Sub-principles Resulting from the Legal Security
Although in terms of the diversity of the legal, political, economic, social ,and cultural concepts and trends, it is not possible to present a
fixed ratio and connection between the protection of citizenship rights and legal security, in general, there are legal regulations and legal criteria in the legal system of countries which are not only secondary to the principle of legal security but are also its constituent elements, and in terms of importance in the legal literature, they are interpreted as "principles". What is meant by the sub-principles arising from the principle of legal security is these rules and criteria which can be categorized into the two forms of principles that guarantee the quality of laws (such as the principles of transparency and ease of access to laws) and the principles that guarantee the legal status of individuals (the principles of predictability of laws and the presumption of innocence). The first group is the principles that protect the rights of citizens, And the second group protects the legal security of the citizens against the government’s power and are actually the supporters of fundamental individual freedoms. The stronger the mechanisms of safeguarding individuals’ fundamental rights, the stronger and more stable their security against the government is.
 
The practice of the International Criminal Courts of the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda in facing the said principles is:1-3. The principles that guarantee the quality of the laws
These are the principles that contain the components of the laws in expressing the rights and duties of persons. The significant feature of these principles is that not only must laws be clear and understandable to individuals, courts, and states, but they also must be easily accessible. Transparency of the laws and ease of access to them are among the most important principles that guarantee the quality of laws. Not only the compliance of the laws, regulations, statutes, and procedures of the two Criminal Courts to the international standards and human rights has added to the richness of their quality, but also the practical practice of the said courts in removing the ambiguity and clarifying the laws and also facilitating access of users and actors to the rules and regulations has established and increased legal security.
2-3. The Principles that Support the Legal Status of People
These principles are related to the stage of applying laws and regulations. The main function of the aforementioned principles is to maintain the status created for individuals by the legal norms. The principle of predictability of laws is one of the most important of these principles, which are set out in the statutes, rules of procedure, and evidence of specific criminal courts and have manifested in the practice of those courts.

In hearing and deciding important cases such as; Tadić, Ekaiso, Hasanović, Blaskić, Simić, Selbići and Delalić, Erdemović, Kernojlač, Milosevic and Berdjanin, The mentioned International Criminal Tribunals have set the ground for the establishment and promotion of legal security at both the domestic level of these countries and in the international arena by clarifying and removing the ambiguity from the laws and regulations, promoting the principle of ease of access = to laws, employing the presumption of innocence principle, observing the international human rights and resorting to customary international norms regarding the extension of laws to former criminal behaviors, and by compliance with the principle of predictability of laws (despite the legal and judicial challenges in this field), while preventing the impunity of the perpetrators of international crimes under their jurisdiction.

Considering the characteristics governing security crimes and the complexity of the discovery and the preliminary investigation process related to these crimes, it is important to review and analyze the legislative policies in this area. Therefore, with the brevity and ambiguities that exist in the area of security crime proceedings, the purpose of writing this article is to estimate the existing challenges and provide solutions to solve them.

In terms of purpose, this research is practical and in terms of the nature of the data and the method of implementation, it is qualitative research and exploratory. For data analysis, the method of content analysis of interviews and related scientific documents has been used. For this purpose, the legal provisions related to security crimes proceedings, jurisprudential and scientific sources were examined and 25 organizational and non-organizational experts (academic experts, judicial authorities and crime detection officers) were selected in a targeted manner and the theoretical saturation stage was conducted in-depth interviews. It was done. The reliability and validity of the data was confirmed based on three indicators: "Transferability", "Verifiability" and "Reliability Audit".

Based on the results of the content analysis of the reviewed documents and the conducted interviews, the challenges in the field of detection and investigation of security crimes in the police investigation process can be divided into 34 basic themes and 4 organizing themes (silence, ambiguity), summary and legal void) and two overarching themes (the need to revise the law and develop a differential procedure).

Due to the substantive and formal characteristics governing security crimes, as well as the ambiguity or brevity in the existing legislative policies, the process of discovery and preliminary investigation of these crimes is always accompanied by challenges, especially in the face of ensuring and guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of individuals.In the field of criminal policy, in order to resolve the ambiguities in the process of discovering and prosecuting these crimes, it is necessary to adopt a codified differential procedure or to amend and update existing laws in this field.

One of the most important issues raised about art is its relationship with the real world. Plato condemned art. In his opinion, art was a mere imitation of the elements of the world, and because of this, it distanced the audience from the truth. In confronting this opinion, Aristotle considered art to be a spontaneous and compensated imitation which possesses the unique capacity to convey meaning through its structure, influencing the perception and emotions of its audience. Rancière criticizes these two ways of thinking about art, which he calls the Ethical and the Representational regime respectively, as he believes that they endorse the establishment and upholding of a hierarchical system in society that subordinates individuals according to their function and position, and thereby perpetuates the existing social order. He calls this system the distribution of the sensible. In his theory, he argues that conveying the message through artwork is not achievable, and that the effectiveness of art can only be achieved through a revolution in the sensible and redistribution of it which happens in the Aesthetic regime.The current research studies the play Pardeh-khaneh by Bahram Beyzaie as an example of a work that can not cannot be included in the framework of the aesthetic regime in a descriptive-analytical way and by referring to library data. Through the logic of consensus, this play divides its world into two separate and opposite groups, which can be seen as corresponding to the dualities of dominant/subjugated and good/bad. The members of each group are similar to each other, and are under the influence and control of a transcendental component in a pyramidal form. This play advances a single action based on a coherent plot and finally reaches a certain conclusion through which the playwright wants to convey a certain knowledge to his audience. Therefore, by refering to Rancière’s theory, this play is placed in the realm of representational regime.

In this article, the moral aspects of the concept of tragic catharsis from Aristotle's point of view are studied. This study is based on the connections between moral aspects in the concept of tragic catharsis with the same aspects in musical catharsis from the viewpoint of Aristotle.In “Poetics”, it is stated that tragedy causes catharsis in the audience by arousing the emotions of fear and pity. Aristotle mentioned the term catharsis only once in “Poetics”. Apart from this, in the eighth chapter of his treatise on “politics”, he discussed the types of catharsis resulting from music. In the eighth chapter of his “Politics”, Aristotle believes that some types of music are more effective in the moral education of the audience. These more effective types arouse the audience's emotions with processes far from extremes, and the result of this arousal of emotions is the balancing of those emotions in the audience. As in “Nicomachean Ethics”, the main condition for virtuous action ensuring happiness is the observance of the rule of moderation, and for tragedy in “Poetics”, which is the imitation of actions and life, such a condition is given for the virtuous action of tragic character. In “Politics” also is pointed out that works of good imitation (including music and tragedy) must be produced through moral simulation with the objective objects of their representation in reality that are influenced by emotions. Thus, tragic catharsis under certain conditions, with mechanisms similar to musical catharsis, provides the moral moderation of human emotions. The questions of this research are as follows: First, what are the connections between the moral aspect of tragic catharsis and musical catharsis? And secondly, what is the connection between the feelings of pleasure and pain resulting from musical catharsis with these feelings in tragedy from a moral point of view? This is a qualitative research and it has been done in a descriptive-analytical way based on library data (mainly Aristotle's original works). Also, due to the large number of complex technical terms in Aristotle's work, a specialized method of confrontation between translated texts and the authentic English version has been performed as part of the research method.

During the last years, antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest challenges in clinical settings. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus are important nosocomial pathogens worldwide. In different corners of the world, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been isolated from various sources including different foods of animal and plant origin; however, information about food-related vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is limited. The current review describes the presence of MRSA, VRSA and VRE in different food samples of animal and plant origin in Iran. Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SID, and Google Scholar were searched and a total of 65 articles were retrieved (published between 2006 and September 2020) reporting antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus in food in Iran. The overall prevalence meta-analysis was calculated by using “meta prop program” in STATA statistical software. Finally, 42 studies were included in the present review. These reports indicated high rates of MRSA, VRSA and VRE strains in different types of raw and processed meat, raw milk, traditional cheese, restaurant, and hospital foods. The meta-analysis showed that the highest pooled ES of MRSA was for pastry products and the lowest pooled ES of MRSA was for miscellaneous foods. Thus, higher priority should be given to the development of effective surveillance systems which can track the appropriate use of wide-spectrum antibiotics and spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms throughout food supply chains. Future research should assess the risk of antimicrobial resistance transmission to consumers following intake of MRSA, VRSA, and VRE-contaminated foodstuffs.

The aim of study was estimated and compared intra-laboratory quantification deviation (SIR) or measurement uncertainty (MU) as a performance Charateristics  in verification of  the implementation  step of quantitative test methods in food microbiology laboratories. The aerobic mesophilic colony counts of   microorganisms (ACC) and Enterobacteriaceae colony count (ECC), as two important and common tests in the microbial evaluation of all type of food was selected and interlaboratoary standard deviation estimation of selected food items: minced meat, hamburger, soy powder, pasteurized liquid eggs, pasteurized and UHT milk, ice cream, Fruit  juice, flour, cake and spice (PEPER) were calculated based on ISO-19036 standard method (2019). In this comparison, technical, matrix, distribution, confirmation and combined  Uncertinity were calculated and reported. Calculation of the technical uncertainty of the ECC test in (pasteurized and ultra-heated milk, ice cream, fruit juice and pasteurized liquid eggs) by created the artificial contamination on three levels with the target organism (Shigella felxseneri) and in other food items it was natural contamination, in the ACC test was only natural contamination was calculated. The technical uncertainty results of the ECC test ranged from 0.487 to 0.07 and in the ACC test, from 0.390 to 0.105 log10 cfu/g. The highest values of technical and matrix uncertainty were observed in meat, cake, hamburger and cheese samples, which showed the heterogeneous foods (solid and semi-solid) and the lowest values were observed in liquid (homogeneous) samples. Evaluation of variability and followed the uncertainty is proposed as a way to standardize the expression of variability associated with data obtained in microbiological methods to highlight the causes and extent of several influencing factors.

In Rhetorics, Aristotle introduced fear and pity as selfish and altruistic emotions that resulted in the unfortunate suffering caused by the unexpected occurrence of devastating calamities in the past or future for a good human being like us and better. These emotions occur in tragedy, which is the imitation of actions and life, in the same circumstances as described for life in Rhetorics. In tragedy, according to Aristotle, in Poetics, the arousal of fear and pity in the audience moderates these emotions and thus purifies them. This arousal of emotions is the result of the ignorance of the average virtuous character of the tragedy about the nature of his voluntary action during the plot of the tragedy, which is the result of the urgency of depriving the external goods and leads him to behavior in which the moral middle ground is not observed. This research seeks to answer the questions that Aristotle considers in the Poetics: First, how does moderating the selfish and altruistic aspects of the emotions of fear and pity satisfy the moral aspect of tragedy? Second, how do these emotions find a moral aspect by linking the arousal of fear and pity in the audience of tragedy and the character's ignorance of the nature of his actions? And thirdly, what is the relationship between the special character traits and the plot and the moral aspects of the emotions of fear and pity in tragedy?

Shrimp are highly perishable due to the biochemical, microbiological or physical changes during Post-mortem storage, which results in limited shelf life of the product (Farajzadeh et al., 2016). Melanosis is considered a limiting factor for crustacean preservation. This alteration originates by the action of polyphenol oxidase and in some species, as deep-water rose shrimp, also by the action of activated hemocyanin (Martínez-Alvarez et al., 2020). Traditional methods for shrimp preservation such as cold storage, freezing and chilling can’t suppress effectively spoilage (Farajzadeh et al., 2016). Hyssopus officinalis, as valuable medicinal herb, is widely used in traditional medicine. Due to the increased resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics and increasing of treatment costs, attentions has been focused to compounds of natural origin (Pirnia et al., 1399). Nano-applications are named as one of the novel methods, which provide high immobilization efficiency for essential oils (keykhosravy e al., 2020). The nanoemulsion is a stable delivery system with unique physicochemical and practical characteristics including high physical stability, optical transparency and high bioavailability (khanzadi et al., 2020). In this study, the effects of chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing Hyssopus officinalis essential oil were investigated on melanosis phenomenon and color evaluation of shrimp samples during 12 days at 4 °C.

First, Hyssopus officinalis essential oil was prepared; Hyssop oil was extracted separately by water distillation. The essential oils components were identified by GC/MS (Pirnia et al., 1399). This study includes two phases of edible coating preparation and food modeling. After preparation of chitosan nanoemulsion containing essential oil, particle size and PDI were determined (keykhosravy e al., 2020). A dynamic light scattering (DLS) device (Malvern Instruments Ltd., United Kingdom) was utilized to measure the particle size of the nanoemulsion droplets. The distribution of droplet size was considered in the terms of the mean droplet size (z-diameter) and polydispersity index (PDI) (Moghimi et al., 2016). Then, Shrimp samples were provided and they were immediately placed in insulated polystyrene ice flasks and transported to the laboratory of food hygiene, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. The fillets were washed completely for removing external particles (Mohajer et al., 2021). Shrimp samples were randomly divided into ten groups:CON: without any coating solutionCH: Chitosan coatingSCH: Sonicated Chitosan coatingSMS: Sodium Metabisulfite coatingHEO 0.5%: Hyssopus officinalis essential oil (HEO) 0.5% (W/V)HEO 1%: Hyssopus officinalis essential oil (HEO) 1% (W/V)CE+HEO 0.5%: Chitosan coarse emulsion coating containing 0.5% (W/V) HEOCE+HEO 1%: Chitosan coarse emulsion coating containing 1% (W/V) HEONE+HEO 0.5%: Chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing 0.5% (W/V) HEONE+HEO 1%: Chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing 1% (W/V) HEO The prepared samples were covered with different solutions for 2 min and were allowed to drain for 1 h. All the samples were placed into zip packs. Lastly, the samples were kept at 4 ± 1 °C for 12 days and analyzed for color evaluation and melanosis during 2/4-day intervals (days 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12). Lightness (+L), yellowness (+b), and redness (+a) of samples were measured with a Hunterlab colorimeter (Hunter Associates Laboratory, Inc., Reston, Virginia, USA), using a CIELab scale (Salehi et al., 2018). Whiteness (W) was also calculated, as described by Park, 1994 (Park et., 1994). Melanosis or black spot of shrimp was performed based on ocular evaluations (Sani et al., 2017). First, the basic sensory evaluation techniques and characteristics of shrimp meat (taste, smell, color, and texture) were introduced to the members of the group. 21 evaluators (20-38 years) were selected from among the staff and students of the Food Hygiene Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The evaluators evaluated the samples in individual panels with sufficient light and randomly. For each evaluator, drinking water was placed for the intervals between testing the samples (keykhosravy et al., 2021). Sensory evaluation was performed using a 4-point scoring technique. In this method, a score of four indicates the absence of black spots on the shrimp and a score of one indicates the presence of black spots across the surface of the shrimp.

33 compounds were identified in Hyssop. Most of its compounds include isopinocamphen (35.45%), pinocamphen (11.81%) and beta-pinene (10.12%). The results are in agreement with Najafpour et al. (2001) and Fraternale et al. (2004). The z-diameter and PDI values of CE+HEO 0.5% were determined to be 570.3 ± 15.83 nm and 0.63±0.07, while for CE+HEO 1% were 402.2 ± 2.50 nm and 0.50±0.05, respectively. Z-diameter of the NE+HEO 1% and NE+HEO 0.5% were measured as 385.7 ± 3.09 nm and 538.9 ± 4.40 nm, and their PDI values were 0.55±0.03 and 0.76±0.01, respectively. Color is the most important visual feature for consumers in seafood. A value is infinite and positive values are equivalent to red and negative values are equivalent to green. B values are infinite and positive values are equivalent to yellow and negative values are equivalent to blue, and L index is equal to the brightness of the image which is between 0 zero equivalent to black and 100 Equivalent to full reflection of light (Salehi et al., 2018). On day 12, the lowest amount of redness and yellowness was observed in the groups of chitosan nanoemulsion containing Hyssopus officinalis essential oil (1% and 0.5%) compared to the control group. The brightness of the samples decreased with increasing storage time in all treatments; one of the reasons for this decrease is due to the appearance of black spots. Chitosan nanoemulsion treatment containing Hyssopus officinalis 1% had the highest score and control, chitosan and sonicated chitosan treatments had the lowest score in terms of melanosis by the end of the period compared to the control.

According to the results of this study, chitosan nanoemulsion coating containing Hyssopus officinalis essential oil can maintain the color index in shrimp meat compared to the control group and improve its color and replace synthetic compounds such as sodium metabisulfite as an anti-melanosis compound.

Aflatoxins are classified as definitive or possible human carcinogens. Nuts and nutty products are among the most frequent aflatoxin-contaminated foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2, total) in different nuts, including pistachio, almond, cashew, hazelnut obtained from selected supermarket chains in Tehran city.

A total of 20 nut samples were collected from eight randomly selected chain stores, and the levels of aflatoxins in the samples were evaluated using an immunoaffinity column and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC).

Among 20 tested nuts, only one sample (roasted hazelnut) was contaminated with the aflatoxins (AG1) at a level of 0.34 µg/kg, while the tested mycotoxins were not detected in the other samples.

Our findings indicated that different parameters such as climatic conditions, implementing strict regulations, improvement in harvest and post-harvest practices alongside rigorous surveillance by the Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (AJA University of Medical Sciences) on the quality of food materials may explain the low incidence of aflatoxins in this study.

The difference in climatic conditions across the country and low investment capacity in waste management systems makes it unrealistic to establish the same prescribed design for the bottom liner of municipal solid waste landfills. In this paper, a semi-performance-based approach for the proper design of liners in these landfills has been proposed. This approach has been used in the development of the technical evaluation guidelines and environmental criteria for municipal and hazardous waste landfills. Therefore, different climatic and hydrogeological conditions were considered. The rate of leachate infiltration into leachate collection system in different climates corresponding to high, medium and low precipitation was calculated using the HELP model and considered as a representative parameter of climatic conditions. The rate of waste deposition, which indicates the size of landfill, was introduced as the length of landfill along groundwater direction. Groundwater velocity, hydraulic conductivity and thickness of the aquitard were used as hydrogeological parameters. The resulting scenarios (324 scenarios) were defined in POLLUTE v7 and the chloride migration in five liner options were modeled. The results show that as the landfill is larger and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquitard is higher, the maximum contaminant concentration in the aquifer and the required time period to reach the maximum concentration will increase and decrease, respectively, by reducing the different layers of the liner system and decreasing groundwater velocity. Finally, the optimum liner for all climatic and hydrogeological conditions is proposed based on modeling results.

In his Poetics, Aristotle considered drama as an imitation of human lives. It can be concluded that cinema as an important dramatic art is not exempt from this rule. Therefore, since cinema is in the position of imitating human lives, it narrates stories that are similar to these lives. On the other hand, philosophy raises fundamental and great questions about life. Therefore, cinema, which as a dramatic art is similar to life in its unique ways and tools, takes a path similar to philosophy in presenting fundamental questions of life and finding answers to them. So, one of the proper ways to understand movies is to study the philosophical questions that are raised in these movies and the unique answers that the movies give to these philosophical questions. The present research has shown how in the movie Everybody Knows by Asghar Farhadi, something similar to the answer to the fundamental philosophical questions on the subject of friendship has been provided. For this purpose, the theoretical foundations of Aristotelian ethics (mainly in Nicomachean ethics and partly also in Eudemean ethics) have been used, which has specifically addressed the issue of friendship in important chapters. The problem of this article is to first examine the place of friendship and its types within the system of Aristotelian ethics in the theoretical foundations section and then to study the Aristotelian philosophy of friendship in the movie Everybody Knows by Asghar Farhadi based on mentioned theoretical foundations. The questions of this research are that first of all, in the film, Everyone Knows how all kinds of friendships are drawn from Aristotle's point of view. Secondly, in the film, Everybody Knows what is the relationship between Aristotle’s view of kinds of friendship and the concept of happiness? And thirdly, in the film, Everybody Knows what is the relationship between Aristotle's view of friendship and the concept of external good. The aim of this research is to be able to gain a better understanding of one of the most important discussions of Aristotle in his ethics, namely friendship, and to make this better philosophical understanding by relying on the study of an important film which one of the main topics of it is friendship. In this way, through a valid philosophical reading, a better understanding of the film is obtained. This research is a qualitative research and has been obtained by descriptive-analytical method and by studying library resources. The result of this research shows that although the movie Everybody Knows can be studied with Aristotle's view of friendship in its ethics, at the same time, it is not completely compatible with the Aristotelian view and even has its independent opinion about friendship in the view of ethics.The approach of this research, in its philosophical foundations, is to explain the concepts of happiness and the relationship between happiness and the moral middle ground from Aristotle's point of view, and then to define the moral aspect of the selfish and altruistic aspects of pity in Aristotelian friendship, and finally to explain the types of Aristotelian friendship with the above principles. Also, in the study of the film, the approach of the current article is to explore the friendship relationships of the characters in the context of the narrative plot of the film in order to show to what extent the theme of friendship in this film is consistent with the Aristotelian view of friendship. and where does it separate from this Aristotelian point of view.

Falafel is one of the most popular artisanal foods in Iran, especially inKhouzestan province. However, no comprehensive study has been performed to evaluate its microbiologicaland chemical properties. This study aims to evaluate microbiological and chemical properties offalafel samples collected from street food market in Ahvaz, Iran.

Microbiological tests including total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic count, Escherichiacoli test, staphylococcus aureus test, coliform count, bacillus cereus test, Salmonella test, andmold count were performed to evaluate microbiological properties of falafel samples (cooked and uncooked).The chemical properties were assessed by performing protein test, ash, carbohydrate, lipid,salt, peroxide, and acidity tests. All tests were done according to the methods described by the Instituteof Standards & Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI).

Microbiological tests revealed that TVC (108 cfu/g), coliform count (3.7×103 cfu/g) and mold count(1.3×103 cfu/g) were significantly higher than the amounts set by the ISIRI (P<0.05), indicating high contaminationof uncooked falafel samples. The major problems observed by chemical tests was the highcontent of lipid (20.11%) and peroxide value (47.85 meq/kg) which were significantly higher than thevalues set by the ISIRI (P<0.05).

Microbiological and chemical properties of falafel are poor, indicating the poor hygienic conditionsof its preparation in street food market. We recommend more attention to and supervision onthe preparation of artisanal foods such as falafel in Iran.

This article compares Aristotle's classical view of Hamartia in the tragic narrative with that of the contemporary theorist of Narrative theory, Joseph Hillis Miller. Considering that both of these theorists have chosen the tragedy of Sophocles's Oedipus the King as a model tragedy for their study, so the case study of the present article is dedicated to the same play. In order to answer its comparative questions, this study first examines the function of narrative in general from Miller's point of view and then examines this function in the subject of Hamartia in the narrative of Oedipus the King. Second, it explores Hamartia in connection with Aristotle's broader philosophical theory,and especially his moral theory. Third, as a result of the above two studies, it studies the similarities and differences between Aristotle and Miller's views on Hamartia in the tragic narrative.Finally, considering the results of the above studies, the question has been answered that from the different point of view of these two ancient and contemporary theorists, What is the use of narrations?The main achievement of this article is that it shows that according to the classical theory, narratives can provide clear and definite answers to the fundamental human questions about how to solve problems in life to present the work of the world, while in poststructuralist theory, narratives can not give such clear and definite answers, and they always owe human beings the repetition of narratives in the course of these answers.

Boredom in Heidegger's philosophy is known as a mood, which is attuned in “Da Sein” and becomes an attunement (State of Mind). A kind of attunement is the one constantly trying to escape it by using banality and everydayness. A kind of attunement, which has a deep capacity to reveal being to the one as a whole, like anxiety mood. Heidegger introduces three types of boredom and unlike the third type; the first two forms are superficial and can be created in the human’s attunement. But the third type of boredom is the profound one which can not be created in one’s attunement because the third type of boredom does not depend on other beings. Heidegger also explains that all three types of boredom are fluid in each other and one type can lead our “Da Sein” to other types of boredom. In this research, we assumed that Béla Tarr creates the first two forms of boredom in his audience’s attunement by using cinematic visual possibilities such as framing, camera movements, etc which are based on Heidegger’s boredom patterns to eliminate the banality and everydayness of audiences and put them into the deep boredom (the third type) in his films to reveal the concept of Being to them and make them face their Being especially in these two films: The Satan Tango and The Turin Horse. In this research we analyzed Heidegger's boredom patterns of “Da Sein” and as a result, we established cinematic boredom patterns to analyze Béla Tarr’s films. Among Béla Tarr’s movies, two films, The Satan Tango and The Turin Horse were chosen because of their obvious boredom patterns. by analyzing these two films, it became clear that forasmuch as " expectation " is the main characteristic of structural moments of boredom and this expectation is not being met, an absence can be formed which creates existential emptiness in the situation emptiness. This existential emptiness causes existential boredom and to overcome this boredom Tarr’s audience is forced to encounter their being.

 Governance systems in each society design and formulate their own model to ensure public safety. The emergence of social revolutions, especially with ideological origins, seriously pursues the demand for change in security and law enforcement structures in order to build the way of interaction between security and law enforcement agencies with citizens based on religious and revelatory beliefs. Therefore, the role of the leaders of the revolution is important in this discourse. The purpose of this study is to design and explain the police station model in the level of the holy system of the Islamic Republic based on the view of the Supreme Leader.

 In order to achieve this, it is necessary to consider the statements and compile all the speeches of the Supreme Leader in the field of police stations from 1989 to 1399. For this purpose, after compiling the speeches of the Supreme Leader, to study, deduce and codify it paid. Thematic analysis method has been used to analyze and present the desired model.

 After reviewing the codes several times, the main and sub-categories were formed and finally the main model obtained from these concepts was obtained. This model is the result of a review of 32 lectures related to police stations over the past thirty years. The results of the research include 277 descriptive codes, 22 interpretive codes and 4 comprehensive codes.

The inclusive and interpretive identifiers of the research are: organization and organization; Religion-oriented organizational culture; Management of communications and interactions; Human capital management, which is finally the final model of the research.

Based on the views of some of the most important researchers and historians who have studied in the historical period of Reza Shahi, such as Homayoun Katozian or Mashaallah Ajoudan, during the first Pahlavi regime in Iran tendency to pre-Islamic era of Iran was promoted by the regime as an important indicator of nationalism in order to culturally pave the way for Reza Shahi's modernization. Attention to ancient Iran could provide a basis for people to realize their ancient glory, and Reza Shahi's modernization promised that a return to that glorious past would be possible. Historical drama from the Reza Shahi romantic era flourishes in the history of Iranian dramatic literature. The main approach of historical playwriting in this period is romantic attention to the glorious periods of the past and especially, ancient Iran.Writing in the same period, Mirzadeh Eshqi, in plays such as Rastakhiz-e Shahriaran-e Iran and Ideal-e Dehgani, emphasized a kind of romantic nationalism that relied on the glory of the past but was very different from that of Reza Khan and the prevailing discourse of the time and as a form of discursive resistance challenged the dominant nationalism supported by Reza Khan. Revolving around the key proposition that Mirzadeh Eshqi’s nationalism is of a romantic type, the present study seeks to understand, first, the characteristics of Eshqi’s nationalism in his plays and, then, the ways in which his romantic nationalism acts as a discursive discourse against Reza Shah’s nationalism. Reza Khan expects the intellectuals of his time to follow his view and therefore urges them to write in the Shafaq-e-Sorkh newspaper to confirm this. Mirzadeh Eshghi is one of these thinkers, but in response, he writes a poetic play called Ideal-e Dehgani (1924), during which he claims a kind of literary-political revolution that contradicts Reza Khan's views. Instead of endorsing that view, he proposes Blood Feast, a type of carnival that can be analyzed with Bakhtin's theory of carnival. By proposing the Blood Feast carnival, Eshghi proposes a kind of revolutionary and utopian resistance to the discourse in Rezakhan's power from the dictatorship of the center-oriented. A second kind of dissimilar and antagonistic culture opposes the official culture of Rezakhan, which stands against the perfection, integrity and eternity of that established order and creates a rupture in it. Eshghi, before this, in the Rastakhiz-e Shahriaran-e Iran (1916) with the discourse of ancient nationalism-revolutionary romantic-utopian nationalism that he presents, creates another resistance in the uniform discourse of Reza Shahi's future nationalism and disrupts it. In the mournful carnival that Mirzadeh Eshghi launches in the form of an imaginary dream with the content of a trip to the ruins of ancient Iran, the predecessors of Iran in its ancient splendor, the lack of this greatness and pride in the present era They mourn and finally, the promise of the return of this greatness is given in the future. The present study is a historical-descriptive study, with analyses conducted in the new historicist theoretical framework and data collected through the documentary research method.

 The purpose of this study is to identify public values ​​that are the basis of decision-making and actions in public and governmental organizations. The subject studied in this paperis related to the issues such as ambiguity in the allocation of resources, measuring the consequences of services, measuring the performance of the administrative system, ambiguity in the selection of decision-making options and the behavior of public service organizations.

67 relevant policy documents (laws, regulations, guidelines, etc.) have been reviewed and analyzed by thematic analysis method.

 After counting, reviewing and analyzing valid policy documents, finally 335 descriptive codes, 23 basic themes, 8 organizing themes and a global theme have been counted and the framework of public values ​​has been presented accordingly. The organizing themes listed include reliability, expertise, de-bureaucracy, the behavior of public servant, quality, intellectual dynamism, administrative transformation, and excellence.Limitations & Consequences: One of the main limitations of this study is the impossibility of accessing upstream policy documents in document centers, which are classified as confidential or semi-confidential ones.

Providing a basis for allocating resources, measuring service outcomes, measuring administrative system performance, selecting decision-making options, and conducting public service organizations.

This article, in accordance with the argument made, enumerates the general values in the context of the Iranian administrative system, which is specific to Iranian culture.

The aim was to provide a suitable leadership style for the commanders of Amin University of Law Enforcement Sciences. This also requires horizons with people who are bio-empirical in order to develop a correct understanding of the effective command style in the field of queuing in an empathetic process.

The research approach is qualitative and interpretive research and the data strategy of the foundation has been used. The data collection tool is semi-structured interviews. The participants in this research are current and former commanders and managers and experts in the field of officer training.

After the interview coding process, 21 sub-categories were extracted from the total code and finally 8 main categories were obtained from the ventricles of the sub-categories as follows: contexts and requirements for the development of line commanders, development and training of commanders, The values ​​of line commanders are mentoring, interpersonal skills of line commanders, orientation and policy of line commanders, individual skills of line commanders, and specialized competencies of line commanders.