محمدجواد نجفی

Saqanefars are structures from the Qajar period that are derived from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to comparable structures, Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh in Babol is characterized by a plethora of pictorial themes that are specifically focused on women. This research aims to explore the themes and significance of women's roles in these murals. The research questions are as follows: -What is the reason for the increased prevalence of women's motifs in Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh Babol in comparison to other Saqanefars? -What are the reasons for the prominence of women in these murals? - Which themes are illustrated in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh, Babol? The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, which involves the non-random selection of specific images from epic, otherworldly, symbolic, and quotidian activity motifs and their description using an iconological approach. Significant developments and changes in women's status were reflected in the Qajar era, which saw a zenith in the redefining of women's roles in society, family, and art. The northern regions of Iran underwent a change in gender concepts as a result of their geographical and livelihood conditions. The development of women's roles is significantly influenced by historical, social, political, and cultural factors. The Tekiyeh building's simultaneity with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, clothing styles, political positions, and aesthetic concepts of women, as well as the abundance of women's images, suggest a direct connection between these motifs and the political and social developments of the era. This is indicative of the impact of indigenous artists on the representation of political and social conditions within a particular historical context.

The Prophet of Islam elevated the status of women during his governance. Although, with his passing and the rise of the three caliphs, this status declined and deviated from the prophetic path. With the beginning of Imam Ali’s ruling, the situation of women transformed, and they were granted an active role in society. From the outset, Imam Ali sought to revive women’s true status by reforming past innovations. Women welcomed the policies of the Alawi government and supported his efforts, although in some cases, certain women’s actions inflicted serious harm on the state. This study, using library sources and a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the interaction between women and the Alawi government from a historical and political point of view, addressing the question: How did governance and women interact during the caliphate of Imam Ali? The findings revealed that from the beginning of Imam Ali’s rule, women played an influential role in crises, particularly in the imposed wars. The Alawi government supported women and was committed to justice for them, just as it was for men. The Caliph was as accessible to women as he was to men, and they regarded him and the Alawi government as a safe refuge for restoring and enhancing their status. This supportive and dignifying approach fostered positive interaction between women and the Alawi government.

Today, when some people are investing in online financial markets, analyzing and predicting stock prices for buying and selling with more profit is very important. Therefore, this article aims to prepare and adjust a program that can predict stock prices and give us information on when is the best time to buy or sell. This work is done with the help of indicators and according to what happened to a share in the past, and with the help of machine learning, a formula is obtained that predicts the price of shares in the future and informs users that they should buy a share now. , sell or do nothing. But in this research, this work is done in a much more advanced way, that is, by combining several indicators, and then it is tested with machine learning algorithms. According to the results obtained in some shares, users can predict the price very accurately and get high profit from their transactions in online financial markets.

Social Development is the most important indicators of the government's valuation to give the society a role to be effective in the society, especially for the women of the society This issue has been considered as the main issue with the case study of the Prophet's government. At the time when Islam appeared, almost women of all societies did not have a proper status and were deprived of even the most basic human rights. But Islam and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) paid great attention to restoring their true credibility. The attention that the social and cultural atmosphere of that day did not receive. The purpose of the research is to investigate the actions and policies of the Prophet of Islam in his government for the social development of women.Therefore, the main question of the article is, what were the policies of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to develop the social position of women in the Prophetic government? which has been answered by descriptive-historical analysis method and taking samples from library sources. On this basis, the noble Prophet of Islam, by fighting against the dominant way of thinking and the theory of male gender superiority over women, rejecting the culture of behavioral violence against women and paying attention to honoring their personality, Attention and encouragement to learning science and paying attention to the intellectual ability of women, Supporting women against social harm And the establishment of the effective presence of women in social and economic affairs will lead to their social development in their government. This process requires a conceptual revolution and fundamental change based on which development is defined as excellence and the woman's position is promoted from a peripheral position to a central position.This process is also completed in the light of understanding the concept of prophetic justice on the one hand and the concept of responsibility of believers towards others. In this context, the development starts from the individual and the primary social unit in which the individual is placed, and is established in the society on this basis. Al-Bit is formed in this process, in the space of cooperation. Therefore, the woman is placed in a structure based on cooperation and in the field of prophetic policymaking, the equal weight of men is defined in the path of social development. From the results of this new definition and reinterpretation, the presence and activity of women in various social and political events of the Muslim community, such as: emigration, pledge of allegiance, Hajj, the order of the famous and the prohibition of discrediting and criticizing the rulers of the government, participation in wars, consultation and consultation in government affairs, etc... is.

The rule of the Zaydi government in Yemen is the longest religious government in the Islamic world. Long rule over Yemen. In the meantime, the position of Imam Hadi Rossi has different dimensions and he has always been mentioned as a model for the leaders of this civilization in Yemen. The main purpose of this study is to answer the main question: what was the personality and performance of Imam Hadi Rossi as the founder of the Zaidi civilization in Yemen?The achievement of this research, which has been obtained by library and documentary methods and descriptive-analytical method using Persian and Arabic sources, especially Zaidi texts in the history of Yemen, states that the political thought and theological and jurisprudential principles of Imam Hadi Rasi He is the exaltation of Islamic civilization and he has a spirit of oppression and jihad with the enemies, religiosity and meritocracy, democracy and concern for the development of the country, while he is a skilled politician and a thinker in political, military, economic and cultural performance. His time has also fulfilled its mission of civilization for future generations of Zaydis in Yemen.

In the verse 125 of Surah Nahl, Almighty God has explained the types of calling to truth. Wisdom, good preaching and good argument are three types of calling to the truth. The main question of this article is: How the types of calling to truth are used in the verses of the Holy Qur'an? After analyzing verse 125 of Surah Nahl, this article has analyzed these ways in Surah Al-Baqarah as an example based on the survey and descriptive method and has recounted some examples of verses containing wisdom, good preaching, and good argument. The present study shows that the types of calling to the truth can be applied not only in Surah Baqarah, but in all the verses of the Holy Quran. It seems that these methods are used in all the surahs and verses of the Holy Quran. It is very effective to pay attention to the methods of calling to the right and their application in religious communication and propaganda.

In the framework of the knowledge of "international studies" all political phenomena are variable. In other words, the world of international politics is a mixture of variables. In this process, the study of China's all-encompassing rise in the international system as an emerging power is a strategic issue. The political architecture and views of current Chinese officials on international relations are very different from those of previous Chinese leaders. The leaders of the new China are trying to bring their hegemony to the forefront of hegemony on the international stage and away from confrontation with the United States, away from the hustle and bustle of showcasing power. Undoubtedly, China will play an active and decisive role in redesigning and guiding the future world order.

China's superiority in the future world system based on components of power; The hegemony of the US-led monopoly system will face strategic bottlenecks.

To study the context of China's role-playing in the future world system and its consequences on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

US strategic constraints and threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be severe or ineffective, and will also allow the Islamic Republic of Iran to develop its power and influence in the region and the world. Data collection: documentary-library, information analysis method qualitative.

One of the discussions in the exegesis of the Qur’an and the Old Testament is the role of intention in Divine punishment. Since the punishment of the forgetful and the negligent is rationally unacceptable in Islamic theology, the interpreters of the Qur’an explain the verse Baqarah/2: 286[1] and answer the question: “Why believers should ask forgiveness for their mistakes caused by forgetfulness or negligence?” The exegetes of the Old Testament ask the similar question: “Why Uzzah was punished for his mistake of unintentionally touching the Ark of the Covenant?” Comparing the views of both groups shows that they try to bring an intellectual interpretation through which God’s justice may not be criticized. In addition, comparing the verse 2: 286 and the story of Uzzah will clear the theological story of the issue and then the punishment of Uzzah may be considered an exegetical example of the verse.

Recognizing and examining the historical contexts of the Yemeni people's awakening and presenting examples of the Yemeni nation's resistance, in addition to being innovative and new in terms of research, has been considered as the main issue of the article here. The resistance of the Yemeni nation has been socio-political throughout history. In this regard, the research question is designed as follows; What effect have the historical examples of the Yemeni Awakening and Resistance had on the current developments in Yemen? (Method) The method of collection is to take notes from library resources. (Data collection tool) The findings of the article indicate that the Yemeni nation has experienced resistance and awakening in its political life since the beginning of Islam. In this article, we examined the historical examples of the awakening and resistance of the Yemeni people. In short, in the beginning of Islam, by leading the way in accepting Islam, participating in repelling sedition against the Prophet, declaring opposition to Saqifa Bani Sa'deh, being present in the geographical area of ​​the Islamic world, the closeness of Zaydi Shiites to the Twelver Shiites, defending Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein Attending the Tawabin uprising, not accepting the Abbasid caliphate, the uprising of Yahya bin Hussein and the formation of the Zaidi government in 288 AH, the uprising of the Ismaili righteous(Findings).

Respecting the status of women and ordering marriage, Islam considers procreation and childbearing to be one of the most important functions of the family and considers women as the foundation of the family and the irreplaceable way to achieve this goal, while feminists doubt on the vital role of women giving birth. It has a challenging perspective, and this has become an important pretext for declining fertility and decreasing population rates, which threatens human societies as a serious challenge with many consequences. The present research, from the perspective of interpreting Quranic verses and the narrations of Ahl al-Bayt (as), examines and criticizes feminists' beliefs about the childbearing of women. The results indicate that feminists' argument, such as concealing a maternal instinct, the belief that childbearing causes oppression to continue on women, priority of employment over having children, etc. are incompatible with the teachings of Islam, and strategies like homosexuality, the use of new reproductive technologies such as the purchase of sperm, etc. are dead ends that turn one kind of oppression into another. Women are healthy when they develop their innate desire and true identity, so Muslim women who are influenced by feminist ideas, have distanced themselves from their precious position by taking the intellectual gesture.

In verse 24 of Surah An-Nisa, Muhsinat has various examples in earlier Shiite and Sunni interpretations. The meaning of captive married women was meant, but a different context in Shia meant that the meaning of captive married woman was not expressed in previous Shiite interpretations, and they considered most of the products to mean a free woman or a slave.And this difference disappeared after writing the first comprehensive commentaries and the recitation of Shiites and Sunnis from each other's interpretive sources was motivated not to see the first distinction between Shiites and Sunnis about the meaning of the products in these interpretations. In this way, it seems that the contexts and contexts that were the pretext for accepting an interpretive point of view in the previous interpretations were not given much attention in later periods. In particular, there was no equal use of each other's resources between Shiites and Sunnis, and Shiite interpretations, due to the acceptance of the preferred view of previous Sunni interpretations by Sheikh Tusi, the influence of his character and books on later Shiite commentators, are more influenced by Sunni interpretations. Were.

The issue of maintaining and expanding security in border areas, especially in countries that have long common borders with their neighbors, has always been the concern and sensitivity of those in the charge . Therefore, developmental differences between geographical locations are not the interest of human and damage the environment for development will create many problems for the future. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the opportunities and obstacles facing sustainable security in Bushehr province. In this research, the researcher has collected the required data in the form of libraries and documents. Based on the research findings, it is clear that in Bushehr province, opportunities for sustainable security development are favorable geographical location, favorable hydrocarbon resources, marine resources, the ability to produce new energy and also the province's bottlenecks in the field of sustainable security, military centers, economic resources, unemployment, Smuggling and problems of water resources can be mentioned. Improper use of resources has also led to environmental damage and deprivation of residents of services commensurate with the potential of the region

Numerous Israʼiliyyat which had entered the field of Islamic culture found their way to commentaries by the beginning of compiling commentaries era and Shiite commentaries were not immune to this phenomenon, The first question in this article is what was the method of Shiite commentators’ confrontation and its roots. It can be said that the approach of Shiite commentators to Israeli narrations has not been the same. The origins of the interpretive approach to accepting such narrations can be: one, avoiding examining the authenticity of narrations and the other avoiding semantic analysis and presenting them for definite narrative and rational reasons. The present study is a library method that has studied the mentioned issue based on Quran and hadiths with a qualitative approach and applying documentary and textual analysis methods. The Shiite commentary "Monhaj al-Sadeqin fi ilzam al-Makhlefin" was written by Mullah Fathullah Kashani and followed by commentary of Abu al-Futuh Razi, it is the best and most comprehensive Persian commentary ever written according to some scholars. In the above interpretation, the Israeli narrations are seen to be studied.

After the Islamic Revolution, a new model of defense called people-based defense was created, which left a profound effect on the contemporary history of the world and changed all the rules and principles of territorial defense. A specific feature of this model is a type of responding to the threats by making use of the presence and participation of a wide range of people to defend the material and spiritual values, national identity and social identity of a nation to increase internal strength, readiness and comprehensive efforts for achieving strategic goals, and a mosaic type defense. This applied research follows a descriptive-survey method along with causal process. Purposive sampling method is employed to explore the components and identify the factors. This research is primarily intended to design a people-based defense model to be used in comprehensive defense against the aggressor enemy or terrorist groups in future wars. With relation to this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with senior commanders of the Basij, local and foreign experts in the field of popular resistance, and the thematic analysis approach was employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that the people-based defense model is one of the best, most effective and efficient defense models in the contemporary history of the world, and the essential principles of the people-based defense model on the basis of environmental monitoring, observation, and scanning can increase comprehensive power.

One of the prominent and practical questions in the guiding teachings of the Qurchr('39')an is the methods of confrontation and interaction of the Qurchr('39')an with the audience. This article has been written with the aim of examining the methods of enlightenment of the Qurchr('39')an in connection with the culture of the time of revelation. In this research, by analyzing historical reports and interpretive sources and by collecting reports from aspects of the culture of the time, the most prominent methods of the Qurchr('39')an have been adopted from the verses and have been analyzed. The Holy Quran with a corrective attitude in any field, methods such as: measurement and evaluation with common logic, synthetic method of subsistence wisdom and spiritual attitude, belief in the resurrection, the use of humility, gradual observance, etc. have been reminded by modeling and using from these methods, the needs of culture improvement at various levels are met.

 Legitimacy is a trait in a ruling system by means of which the ruler regards his ruling correct and right, and people regard it their duty to obey the ruling power. In other words, legitimacy is an answer to the query as to why a certain group of people hold the right to rule and the rest must only obey them. Both Sunni and Shia interpreters of the Quran regard God as the source of the ruling legitimacy, hence they reason that as God is superior by far from having any material manifestation, He has certainly granted a level of His ruling legitimacy to certain people to undertake it. Like a great majority of Muslims, they also hold that God had granted this right to His messenger, the Prophet Muhammad, in his time. However, differences emerge on who should rule after the Prophet Muhammad. Shi'a interpreters of the Quran believe in the Divine legitimacy of ruling and the assignment of the Infallible Imam based on the explicit assertion indicated by God; nevertheless, Sunni interpreters hold that given the unestablished practice of nominating the imam, albeit its being proved, it may realize in a variety of ways, for instance, oath of allegiance (bay'ah), selection, election, nomination, succession, use of force, and domination. The last two ways are sometimes refuted.

The issue of Palestine is one of the most challenging issues in Saudi's foreign policy, which has undergone major changes in the last decade, especially during the time of bin Salman. In general, the foreign policy behavior of each actor is shaped by the role of various factors, and because Saudi Arabia's approach as an influential actor in the Islamic world has always been influential in the course of this case; In order to properly analyze and manage this change of approach, it is necessary to identify and enumerate the effective factors and factors.(Introduction) The influential factors in Saudi's foreign policy are clearly after the coming to power of bin Salman.(Method) Accepting that the two variables of the individual and the international system have the greatest impact in this period (Hypothesis), the results of this study indicate that; On the one hand, developments in Saudi Arabia's internal environment, especially the role of the new leader and his personality traits, and on the other hand, external factors such as strategic cooperation with the United States, regional tensions, including competition with the Islamic Republic of Iran, failure to The Yemeni crisis and the establishment of a balance of power have been identified as the most effective factors in changing Saudi Arabia's foreign policy towards the Palestinian cause. (Results)

Clarifying semantic coherence in a Qur’anic Surah, as a fundamental and challenging task, requires the identification of its key concepts. Most commentators use qualitative methods for this purpose, which may be influenced by their theoretical tendencies and individual mentality. Corpus-based analysis with quantitative and statistical methods can provide objective evidences that are relatively unbiased and provide a firm base for qualitative analysis. In this research, the keywords of a Surah are identified through corpus analysis and a coherent model is developed by analyzing their denotations and key concepts. In a case study of Surah al-Shawrā, it is proved that, in addition to the concepts of “revelation and prophecy” which have attracted the attention of commentators, this Surah implies to the concepts of “absolute power and authority” and “guardianship” of God in higher layers. Also, in fact, the concepts of “revelation and prophecy” are instances of the realization of the former concepts.

The subject of justice of God always focused by religious thinkers. We can seek examples of legislative justice in “behaving reasonably in the marital relationship” mentioned in Surah An-Nisa 4: 19, related to the family phenomenon, especially the marital phenomenon. The necessity of it can be proved through proportion of words and meaning in verse, reasonableness on marital bond, symphonious narrations, famous word of the Prophet (إنی بعثت لاتمم مکارم الاخلاق) I am only appointed to complete moral virtues, imperative verb(عاشروا) consort, determination of criminal reaction to misconduct in civil law and inseparability of ethics from spouses’ rights. Justice shows “behaving reasonably in the marital relationship” in the approaches such as reciprocity of this order, choosing the man as the addressee of the verse, apply the verb (عاشروهن) consort with them, coordination of reasonableness with the norm, expansion of reasonableness in different fields of life, lack of consideration of the individual features of the woman, special approaches towards the woman’s attributes, approaches towards all of the woman’s rights, compatibility with the man’s abilities, coordination with God’s wisdom in marital relationship, order to behave reasonably in the marital relationship even in case of man’s inadvertence which results in exiting from reasonableness.

Najjāshī is one of the prominent Shiʽa Rijālist. He has rejected the authenticity of ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim Ḥaḍramī for three reasons of being a transgressor (ghālī), narrator of transgressors and a liar which, from Najjāshī’s point of view, leave no room for reliance on the narrations of ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim Ḥaḍramī. However, in this study, through examining twenty-one people from whom ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim Ḥaḍramī has narrated the traditions, based on the Rijāli data mostly provided by Najjāshī’s, it is clarified that fifteen of them are among the trustworthy people. Regarding the accusation of being a ghālī, given his narrations contained in the Shiite hadith collections, in accordance with prevalent reading of ghuluw, it has no correspondence with this meaning of ghuluw. Although there are many traditions from ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim on the status of the Imams, divinity of the Imams is not understood from any of them. As for being a liar, given the fact that ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim has narrated hadith from those who were mostly the owners of the book of hadith, he is also acquitted of this charge. In the end, it is concluded that what Najjāshī has stated about ʽbdullāh bin Qāsim refers to the period after the martyrdom of Imam Kāẓim, and what Shiite hadith scholars have reported on him dates back to a time before the martyrdom of Imam Kāẓim

Political participation, which entered the political literature of political theorists following the process of socialization of human beings and interference in the political management of countries, plays a vital role in the system of indirect democracy and is the main mechanism for achieving popular sovereignty. Given the importance of the discussion of social participation, the present study, using the field method, survey technique, questionnaire tools and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS software, seeks to answer the main question of whether between different dimensions of social trust and participation Is there a political connection between the citizens of Kermanshah? The statistical population of the present study is citizens of 18 years and older in Kermanshah, of which 384 have been studied as a sample size. The results show that between the total level of social trust (0.38) and its dimensions, ie basic trust (0.39), informal trust (0.32), institutional trust (0.42) and generalized trust (34 / 0) There is a positive, direct and significant relationship with the political participation of citizens. Therefore, all research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the total effect of the independent variable of social trust on citizens' political participation is 0.53.

Political participation in the system of indirect democracy plays a vital role. Choice is the main mechanism for realizing popular sovereignty. Participation allows citizens to replace responsible officials and change the government. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between social capital and political participation among Kermanshah citizens. Different theories have been used in the present study. But only the theories that underpin the research hypothesis, namely the relationship between social capital and political participation, constitute the theoretical framework. Given the importance of discussing social participation, the present study uses field method, survey technique, questionnaire tools and the use of SPSS and Smart PLS softwares seek to answer the main question of whether there is a relationship between different dimensions of social capital and political participation among Kermanshah citizens? The statistical population of this study is citizens of Kermanshah 18 years old and 384 of them were studied as sample size. The results show that between social capital and its dimensions namely social trust (0.38), social participation (0.41), social cohesion (0.30), social support (0.27), social awareness (35). There is a positive, direct and meaningful relationship between social participation (0.36) and political participation of citizens. Therefore, all the research hypotheses are rejected. The results of the structural equation model (Smart PLS) also showed that the total independent effect of social capital on citizens' political participation was 0.55

This article analyzes and critiques the contemporary Muslim intellectuals' views on the issue that the Quran has been influenced by the Arab culture of the time of revelation in describing the blessings of Paradise, and ultimately concludes that, in introducing a small part of the infinite blessings of Paradise desired and wished by all  human beings in all ages, God has optimally utilized the words, perceptions and conventions of the people of the time of revelation without losing touch with reality or being influenced by the culture of the age relying on rational principles and being consistent with the  initial addressees of the Quran. However, in introducing this limited portion of the blessings of Paradise, He also points out their inherent differences with their worldly counterparts, and at the same time, announces the existence of numerous spiritual blessings and countless other blessings which are beyond human imagination.

AbstractThe rational-social approach to the interpretation of the Quran, in the last two decades, has emerged in the wake of the emerging challenges of the Muslim community in the era of recession with modern Western civilization. Social commentary is an interpretive interpretation of the functionalist approach and with the ideal of processing the mighty face of Islam to advance society everywhere and everywhere. The confrontation with the modern-day Western civilization from the prominent features of the emergence of social interpretation is a worthy place in the attitude of the social commentator to make an effective and effective face of Islamic consciousness. This approach has reflected in the interpretation of al-Marwārba a feature of the social interpretation of Valmizan as one of the most significant of these interpretive tendencies.Al-Manar's commentator, in order to represent the wise and profane face of Islam in coordinating the Qur'anic teachings with Western civilization, tries hardly to rely on his own wisdom and the material conceptions of supernatural truths, and to adapt certain Islamic laws to the norms of the western world of advancement from his compatriots. Take it. But al-Mizan, having benefited from pure wisdom, has transcended religious knowledge from the realm of its own wisdom. In his social approach, he also considers the origins of the present-day Western civilization to be incomprehensible with the monotheistic foundation of Islam; he also addresses the challenges of Islamic rulings against the defensive and reactionary base of Al-Manar as the fundamental achievements of the thinking of Western civilization. Ultimately, al-Mizan is more successful in treating the great, efficient, and dynamic face of Islam against the modern Western civilization in measuring Al-Mana