محمدحسین باقری

Determining the constitutive equations which describe the material flow stress, microstructural investigation, and preparing a processing map are essential for designing and optimizing metals forming. The aim of this paper is to obtain a relationship between stress, strain, temperature, and strain rate for Al-7.5Mg alloy in order to use it in the forming process.

In this study, stress-strain diagrams at four temperatures and three strain rates and friction elimination using experimental and computational methods were used. The activation energy value of hot deformation was calculated in the Arrhenius model. A processing map at strain 0.6 was drawn to establish the relationship between stress, temperature, and strain rate, and the instability region at a specific temperature and strain rate was determined. The metallography examination was performed to study the microstructure of the alloy.

In the Arrhenius model, the activation energy value of hot deformation increased with increasing strain. As the temperature decreased and the strain rate increased, the Zener-Hollomon parameter also increased. The instability region increased with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. The metallography test results showed that dynamic recrystallization occurred due to the high magnesium content in this alloy.

In this paper, the Arrhenius model (as a phenomenological model) was correctly extracted using a hot plane strain test on an extruded plate of Al-7.5Mg alloy, and a relationship between stress, temperature, strain, and strain rate was obtained using the constitutive equations and the Arrhenius model.

Presently, we are faced with a demographic crisis to the extent that within the next forty years, we will witness a demographic catastrophe, transforming our young country into an elderly one. One of the strategies to increase society's inclination towards childbearing is establishing legal frameworks and incentives, which have been demonstrated in recent years through a proposal presented to the Islamic Consultative Assembly under the title "Population and Youth Plan." This plan contains 15 incentives for increasing childbirth and is currently under review in the parliament. One crucial aspect of evaluating this plan is the lawmakers' confidence in its success in achieving the desired objectives, namely increasing the desire for childbearing in society. The present study aims to investigate this matter through conducting a social survey. The target population comprises all adults aged 18 to 45, approximately 35 million individuals, according to the population pyramid announced by the Statistical Center of Iran in the 2016 census. The sampling method was stratified proportional, and the sample size was determined to be 384 individuals based on Cochran's formula with a 5% error margin. The research findings indicate that the most significant motivating factor for increasing childbirth, from society's perspective, is adequate support for mothers and children and ensuring a promising future for themselves and their children. The 15 incentives devised in this regard are expected to be more successful

Flood is one of the main natural disasters in Iran, which has caused losses in different regions. The present study developed a methodology that uses Sentinel 1 images and global products to assess the losses caused by a flood in the province of Khuzestan (2020) and Chabahar-Konarak (2021-2022). In this study, in addition to Sentinel 1 satellite data, Landsat 8 satellite images have been used. The results of this research have turned into the development of a flood application in the Google Earth Engine software. The results showed that the use of optically inactive images of this Landsat 8 or Sentinel 2 in cases where the cloud cover does not bother will increase the accuracy of the output. This issue is one of the specialization features in the conditions of uncertainty in determining the thresholds of changes in radar images. In the field of flood zone and subsequently estimation of losses from flood.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on gene expression of PPARγ and liver TG in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this experimental study, thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (20 rats), consumed 16 weeks a high-fat diet with the aim of create a fatty liver, and the second group (control), (10 rats), consumed standard diet during this period of time. After confirmation of fatty liver by measuring the serum level of ALT enzyme in the first group, they were randomly divided into two groups of NAFLD and NAFLD+HIIT (each group of 10 rats), the NAFLD+HIIT group performed progressive exercise training for eight weeks, according to percentage of maximum speed (75-90 percent) and the NAFLD and control groups only took their diet and did not participate in any exercise. After eight weeks of exercise training, expression of PPARγ and TG level were measured. Data analysis showed a significant increase in PPARγ expression in the NAFLD+HIIT group compared to the NAFLD group (P=0.001). Liver triglyceride in NAFLD+HIIT group had a significant decrease (P=0.001). On the other hand, the mean weight of rats in the NAFLD + HIIT group did not change significantly (P= 0.054), but the mean weight of control and NAFLD groups increased significantly during this period (P=0.001). It seems that high intensity interval training by increasing in expression of PPARγ and its effect on the regulation of the expression of effective genes in fat metabolism, independent of weight loss, can reduce liver TG and improves fatty liver disease.

Jihad is a well-known and holy concept in our religious literature and is one of the important chapters of Islamic jurisprudential books. One of the types of jihad is the great jihad, which falls under the category of minor jihad. The Great Jihad has a completely Quranic nature and verse 52 of Surah Al-Furqan indicates this. This jihad means disobeying the enemy in various fields of politics, culture, society, and the field of economy. The purpose of this study is to examine the nature of the Great Jihad in the Quran and hadiths and to count the ways in which the enemy operates in order to find solutions to cope with it in the field of economics. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is through the library. The data collection tools include taking notes from books, articles and software. The findings of this study indicate the need for the country's immunity from the harms and enmities of long-standing and vindictive enemies, and it is necessary for us to consider all four areas of the Great Jihad and do our best to advance the goals of these areas. Since the enemy uses the two methods of infiltration and sanctions to destroy the economy of the target societies, so the solution of the great jihad in the field of economy is not to be digested in the economy of the world community and to implement the resistance economy

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major liver disease that is associated with malnutrition and overweight habits. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and low intensity endurance training (LIET) on expression of Hig2 and intrahepatic Lipid content (IHL) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control, HIIT and LIRT groups that consumed high-fat foods to create fatty liver, and the scheme group that used a normal diet, for 16 weeks. The protocol of HIIT group consisted of intensity running which was separated with light running and the protocol of LIET group was matched with the whole passing distance of HIIT group with lower intensity. After 8 weeks, the expression of Hig2 and IHL level was measured. The data showed that there is a significant difference between groups in the expression of Hig2 (K2 =12/43, P=0.006) and IHL (K2 =32.84, 0.001) was observed. Significant differences in gene expression of Hig2 between control group and HIIT group (P=0.031) and control group with LIET group (P= 0.012) was observed. There was no significant difference in Hig2 expression between HIIT group and ET group (P=0.453). There was a significant difference in the content of IHL in different groups (K2 = 2.84, P=0.001). There were significant differences in IHL between the control group and the HIIT group (P= 0.001), and control group with LIET group was observed (P=0.001). The results showed that both HIIT and LIET reduce the content of liver fat and improve NAFLD through the reducing the expression of Hig2 gene. Decreasing the fatty liver in HIIT group occurs independently of weight loss.

Evaporation is one of the important components in water body’s management, leading to changes in the water level and water balance. Also, its accurate estimation is faced with certain difficulties and complexities. Because of the limitations of physical and empirical methods based on the meteorological data, remote sensing technology can be widely used for evaporation calculation due to its capabilities for spatial data estimation and minimization of the meteorological data application. Many models have been developed to estimate evapotranspiration using remote sensing technology. Regarding the use of these algorithms for estimating evaporation from water surface, a few studies have been done; however, there is yet no comparison between them to estimate evaporation from the water surface. For this purpose, in this study, the output from two models estimating spatially distributed evaporation of water surfaces from remotely sensed imagery is compared. In order to implement these models, Terra/MODIS Images for four months including June, July, August and September in of 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were prepared. Comparisons were made using pan data from Urmia synoptic station. In general, there was a reasonable agreement between the evaporation outputs from both models versus a pan data observation. The statistical analysis also showed that the SEBS algorithm (by applying the salinity factor), despite being simple in its implementation, has higher accuracy than the SEBAL algorithm.

Bakhtegan Lake, as other lakes and wetlands, depends entirely on the state of water resources of the basin. The lake has been dried up since few years ago. It is believed that periods of drought events have caused this. Meanwhile, there is another hypothesis that the lake has dried up due to anthropogenic activities such as the increased water exploitation in the upstream as well as the effects of two large dams named Mollasadra and Sivand. The present paper aims to assess separately the effect of these factors on the changes in Bakhtegan Lake in the period of 1956 to 2014. The assessment was carried out using the Landsat satellite images and also by analyzing rainfall and discharge data collected by the Ministry of Energy throughout the lake basin including Kor River. To determine the amount of changes in the lake water volume the maximum likelihood classification method, in order to classify images, and post-processing comparison method, for verification of classified landuse of Bakhtegan Lake and its surrounding area, were adopted. The results showed that the reduced rainfall, and more importantly, the increase in the irrigated cultivated area in the upstream of the basin, which has resulted in increased water consumption, can be identified as the main causes of the lake drying up. The second factor has caused the problem of drought-induced water shortage to be transformed into a water crisis.

Freshwater lakes are considered one of limited water resources that in recent decades are faced with many problems of quality and quantity. Proper management of these resources requires accurate information of component of the water budget. Evaporation as most unknown term of water budget, have a large share of water losses. To have precise information on the spatial and temporal distribution contribute to principles of qualitative and quantitative planning at water resources. Chanimeh’s artificial reservoirs are located in the east part of the country, with an area 141 Km2 was selected as case study. In this research, evaporation rate were estimated by SEBAL model and using meteorological data and satellite images of MODIS. Pan method applied in the region was used as reference method. As a result, the mapping of evaporation by 25*250 m spatial resolution was obtained. In point compare SEBAL model results with pan observed amount, the model correlation coefficient R, 0.74 and the error average percentage, ±14.5 and RMSD is equal to 2.95 mm. The mean latent heat flux and evaporation in average daily rate for the 202th of Julian days of 2012 year from water surface are equal 308 W/m2 and 13 mm per day, respectively.

Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 are anabolic hormones which play a vital role in developing body tracts especially in childhood and adolescence years. Exercise is a motive which influences GH and IGF-1 secretion. Today, water sports are highly recommended due to creating delight in children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of water training on rest levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in male children. 18 non-athlete boys (mean ± SD age: 10.2±2 yrs, weight: 26.5±3 kg, height: 130.9±6 cm) were randomly assigned to experimental (n=10) or control (n=8) groups. First, fasting blood samples were gathered to measure GH and IGF-1. Experimental group participated in 8 weeks of water training with intensity of 70-80% HRmax for 3 sessions per week and 1 hour per session. Control group did not participate in any exercise. Blood samples were collected again after last session of training to assess serum GH and IGF-1. Dependent and independent t tests were used to analyze data. The results showed no significant effect of 8 weeks of water training on GH and IGF-1 serum concentration (P>0.05) while a significant increase was observed in GH and IGF-1 after 8 weeks in control group. In addition, there was a significant difference in GH and IGF-1 secretion between the two groups after 8 weeks (P<0.05). It was concluded that eight weeks of water training with intensity of 70-80% HRmax did not stimulate GH and IGF-1 secretion in athlete boys agerd between 9 and 11