محمدحسین رحمتی

The ultimate goal of this qualitative research is to identify the dimensions and components of diagnosis in the religious holy places of Iran. The research process was carried out with a comprehensive combination of meta-synthesis and thematic analysis. The collection of theoretical data was done by library method and organizational data was collected through semi-structured interviews with selected experts using judgmental and snowball sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. In this research, the combination of 659 themes extracted from library data with practical themes derived from the ideas of experts led to the design of a diagnosis model consisting of four dimensions and 20 components. The four dimensions are pillars, management, functions and funds. In addition to strengthening the scientific and research bases related to the religious holy places, this article prevents the development of imposed and prescribed concepts and patterns to these organizations. The results of this research show the main advantage of the diagnosis model in a deeper understanding and better visualization of the components that make up the religious places and identifying its risks and vulnerabilities. The model explains its operational applications in the fields of knowledge management, change management, performance management, diagnosis, evaluation and training.

In the competitive world of the 21st century, organizations, with a tendency towards moral and human virtues, are trying to fill the spiritual, ethical, and emotional gaps of their employees by emphasizing virtues. This emphasis on new organizational studies was accompanied by the emergence of a new concept called the virtuous organization. Among the types of virtuous organizations, religious holy places have always been among the most important bases for drawing the future for humanity and, as the center of gravity and focus of global developments and cultural engineering, they reveal their capabilities. Just as people's attitudes, beliefs, norms, and opinions towards religious holy places lead to respect and consider them purer than other places, following management principles is required so that the management path is in line with reality and away from an abstract and fantasy space. In such circumstances, on the one hand, the emphasis of scientific models cited in change management and diagnosis, as the first step and one of the key stages of change, and on the other hand, the review of research conducted with a focus on organizational virtue, confirms that in the Islamic Republic of Iran, religious holy places, despite having specific missions in various cultural, social, economic, and political fields and a significant impact on the formation of the nature of Islamic society, have so far received less attention in scientific research related to change management and diagnosis. Therefore, despite various and well-known models in change management, the main problem of the research was the lack of a comprehensive, obstacle-free, and practical model for religious holy places through which one can identify and analyze their problems and problems with complete knowledge of such organizations and change their inefficient aspects. Therefore, the present study, to provide an applicable diagnosis model for organizations responsible for religious holy places in Iran, examined their dimensions and components. Accordingly, the Holy Shrine of Qods Razavi in ​​Mashhad, the Holy Shrine of Fatemeh Masoumeh (peace be upon her) in Qom, the Holy Shrine of Abdulazim Hassani (peace be upon him) in the city of Rey, and the Holy Shrine of Ahmad ibn Musa (known as Shahcheragh) in Shiraz will be virtuous organizations that will benefit from the results of this research.

The present qualitative research was designed with an applied approach to religious holy places in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on the Saunders onion research model, this research is placed in the interpretive paradigm layer. Its orientation is of the type of fundamental research and has an inductive process. In terms of research method, the research process was carried out by following the stages of Meta-synthesis according to the Sandelowski and Barroso method (2007) and combining it with thematic analysis according to the Brown and Clark method. The ultimate goal of the research is to understand the diagnosis model of virtuous organizations, in which the dimensions and components that constitute a religious holy place were introduced. The theoretical foundations and required data were collected through desk study of documents and semi-structured interviews with selected experts using non-probability judgmental and snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, the interview protocol was designed based on the dialectical method that is, constructing an opinion or thesis, confronting a counter-opinion or antithesis, and finally constructing a synthesis. Accordingly, first, the initial theme format was extracted from the theoretical data of the study (thesis) and then made available to the interviewees. Next, the review of the experts' ideas and opinions (antitheses) was summarized in the form of conceptual codes, and finally, the virtuous organization diagnosis model for Iranian religious holy places (synthesis) was designed.

The presented virtuous organization diagnosis model is an applicable model for separating dimensions and components of religious holy places, which results in a general understanding of such organizations. It paves the way for their change and troubleshooting. Based on the findings, the introduced model consists of 4 dimensions and 20 main components. The main dimensions of this model are “pillars”, “functions”, “capitals” and “management”. In this model, the pillars dimension consists of the components of “pilgrim”, “pilgrimage”, “shrine” and “Hazrat”. “Sacred functions”, “cultural functions”, “social functions”, “economic functions” and “religious-political functions” are the components of the functions dimension. “Symbolic capitals”, “core values”, “organizational competencies”, “social capitals” and “cultural capitals” are in the capitals dimension. Finally, “planning”, “resource mobilization”, “organization”, “guidance and leadership” and “supervision and protection” are introduced as the components of the management dimension.

This paper is the first research effort to present a specific diagnosis model for religious holy places of Iran, which addition to strengthening the scientific and research foundations of this field, can to some extent prevent the development of concepts and patterns imposed and prescribed to these organizations. The achievements of this research consider the main advantage of the diagnosis model in a deeper understanding and better visualization of the components of holy places and the identification of their risks and vulnerabilities. It explains operational applications in issues related to change management and diagnosis. This research considers the understanding of the organizations in charge of religious holy places possible through understanding the dimensions and components of their recognition and considers the suitability of change management, transformation, and development to be dependent on creating changes in the factors affecting the recognition components. It also concludes that the life of a virtue-based organization becomes problematic when one or more of the dimensions and components of the diagnosis are not properly explained in the organization, malfunction or deviate from its original path, or are compromised for any other reason. Neglect or lack of attention by any of the elements of the organization to any of these dimensions and components causes complications for the entire organization. Each of the dimensions and components of the diagnosis model has revealed unknown aspects of virtuous organizations. In this study, change management and diagnosis of studied virtuous organizations is a specialized activity derived from knowledge, experience, and commitment to such organizations, and it is suggested to the managers of the organizations under study that, given their mission in various social fields, they entrust this matter to those who have the necessary and sufficient technical, human, and cognitive qualifications for this task.

Organizational misbehaviors are one of the organizational weaknesses and problems that researchers have always considered due to their importance and impact on organizational performance. This study aims to provide a Pattern of organizational misbehavior extracted from the research literature using the  meta-synthesis method. The statistical population includes articles published between 1995 and 2021. After screening, 60  articles were selected for final analysis. Data analysis was performed using a deductive approach to thematic analysis with MAXQDA 2020; from the analysis of articles, 281 codes were extracted and classified into 57 categories and five main themes. The main identified themes include the causes and context of the organizational misbehavior, moderating variables, mediating variables, the nature of the organizational misbehavior, the purpose of the organizational misbehavior, types of the organizational misbehavior, and its consequences. Extracting the present pattern to identify gaps in organizational misbehavior research can be useful in clarifying the direction of future research and managing them in the organization.

Among the virtuous organizations, the organizations in charge of religious holy places, despite their impact on creating and maintaining social capital, have received less attention in scientific researches related to organization and management, especially from the dimension of diagnosis components. Therefore, the present study has investigated the components of social capital in the holy shrine of Razavi and the holy shrines of Hazrat Fatima Masoumeh and Hazrat Abdulazim Hasni, with a qualitative approach. In this research, a comprehensive combination of meta-synthesis, theme analysis and interviews were used. Theoretical data were collected from 22 diagnosis models and some selected documents from the studied organizations. Operational data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 selected experts using judgmental and snowball samplying until theoretical saturation. The validity of the research was confirmed by referring to various methods, including the quality of the primary studies, using independent analysts, reviews and transparency. The validity of interviews was confirmed by the retest method. This research is the first attempt on religious holy places in Islamic Republic of Iran, in which 258 themes extracted from library data were combined with themes derived from ideas and opinions of experts. Based on the findings, the components of social capital diagnosis in religious holy places include fundamental values, symbolic capital, organizational competencies, spiritual capital, people's capital and cultural capital. These components strengthen social capital and high human values in the Islamic society by creating trust, interaction, and cooperation among the members of the society and influencing the hearts and souls.

Today, sperm is stored in special banks in order to donate it to infertile couples or to use it for the owner of the sperm, when incidents occur that reduce his fertility. The establishment and activity of these banks in Islamic countries have been the subject of jurisprudential debates by some scholars, including whether it is correct to trade sperm, considering its impurity and lack of wealth and receiving large sums of money for handing it over to these banks? Does not donating foreign sperm to infertile couples violate the right to identity and destroy the lineage of children born from these sperms? Is storing sperm and injecting it into a stranger's womb or injecting it into the wife's womb after the death of the sperm owner compatible with the ruling principles and rules in Shia jurisprudence? This research, which is done by descriptive- analytical method, has been analyzed these controversies and concluded that first, despite the local and rational benefits of sperm donation, there is no obstacle in its trade, just as donating it to infertile couples does not cause the loss of the lineage of the children born from these methods and does not violate their right to identity. Secondly, injecting sperm into a stranger's womb or the wife's womb after the death of the owner of the sperm does not have any obligation and none of the aforementioned disputes is an obstacle to establishing a sperm bank and using it from a jurisprudential point of view.

Brand resilience is a type of ability that enables the brand to resist the risks that have turned into a crisis and recover from the crisis if it is effective and even grow in a crisis situation. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining and designing the model of brand resilience in the conditions of sanctions in the handwoven carpet industry of Iran using the foundation data method. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with twelve experts and experts in brand management in the field of hand-woven carpets in Iran, which was based on purposeful sampling dependent on the selection criteria and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Found. The validity of the research data was checked and confirmed by going back to the participants and external auditors. Data analysis was done based on the Strauss and Corbin model in the form of open, axial, and selective coding in the Atlas TI8 software. The results showed that the model of brand resilience in the conditions of sanctions in Iran's handwoven carpet industry includes causal factors (competition in the business ecosystem, development of knowledge and technology, internal politics), intervention factors (brand consumption challenges, handwoven carpet brand capabilities), platforms. environmental sustainability, brand nature, sanctions pressure), strategies (active development, internal resistance, creative support, production under sanctions) and consequences (commercial interests, brand capabilities, strengthening brand value and identity).

One of the most problematic issues in policymaking is the impact of government spending on its outcome. This paper collects extensive and unique data on government outlays and outcomes for various affairs for the period 1989-2019. Then this unique dataset is put to use to study the relationship between spending and outcome in panel data analyses. The fixed effect regression reveals that a one percent increase in spending on a chapter improves associated outcomes by 0,06 percent, however, the impact of two years lag is significant and about double the spontaneous effects. Nevertheless, the dynamic panel regression, by both Arrellano-Bond and Blundell-Bond approaches, shows that the lag in outcome is large, and it explains a large portion of dynamics. Moreover, the spontaneous impact of spending on the outcome is 0.01-0,03 percent. Therefore, to improve the outcome of spending, the government must plan for long-term expenditure instead of discretionary outlays.

Due to the increasing need for preparation against environmental uncertainties in New Technology-Based Firms(NTBFs), In this research, the signs of the need to change strategy in new technology-based firms had been discovered.

This study is descriptive in terms of applied purpose, qualitative in terms of method, and in terms of data collection, it is descriptive. The statistical population of the study was CEOs or board members of NTBFs. fourteen CEOs or board members of NTBFs located in the University of Tehran and University of Qom science and technology parks entered the interview process using purposeful sampling and observing the principle of theoretical saturation as a sample. In this study, the thematic analysis method was used to extract themes.

In this study three layers of signs of the need to strategy change had been discovered for example Change in customers' attitudes and lifestyle, the emergence of new and creative technologies (macro environment); The emergence of disruptive products and increasing the attractiveness of the income and financial level of the industry (industry environment); Weakness in leadership and project management, weakness in supply chain management (internal factors).

There are similarities within signs of the need for strategy change among NTBFs (startups), By knowing those signs CEOs of these start-ups can respond appropriately in response to the signs in three layers including macro and industry environment and internal factors

Tourism is known as one of the most creative industries, which not only attracts tourists, but also increases economic development. So, the purpose of this study was to design and develop a model of the antecedents and consequences of Destination Brand Love for Guilan province. The present study was a qualitative research based on thematic analysis using interviewing tools. The research is based on Guilan province as a destination for tourism and the statistical population of the study includes 12 professors and experts in the tourism industry of Gilan province. Snowball sampling method and theme analysis technique was used for data analysis. After analyzing the data, 7 factors: brand experience, brand service quality, brand infrastructures, brand media communication, brand authenticity, brand image and brand trust were identified as causal factors of destination brand love. That will be reinforced if the love for the destination brand exists. Also, three factors: loyalty, positive word-of-mouth advertising, and willingness to pay more were identified as consequences of destination brand love.

The current research aimed at identifying the principles of good governance and providing a conceptual model in the Athletics Federation of Iran.

This qualitative research, with emergent approach (Glaserian), sought to identify the principles of governance, discover contributors' concerns, solve basic problems and finally present a conceptual model in the athletics society of Iran. The research sample included all the stakeholders in the Athletics Federation, for this purpose, 23 well-known experts in the field of governance selected by targeted and snowball selection for deep and unstructured interviews. The data were analyzed simultaneously using a set of encodings. 14 of the participants assessed and confirmed the validity and reliability of the research findings.

The results showed that the most important concerns of the participants are classified in four categories: underlying factors, phenomenon, strategy and consequences. In this study, "The role of law and rule of law", one of the priciples of good governance, was the central issue of the research. Within the framework of this principle, the basic social process has been shaped by the strategy of moving toward the “rule of law’’.

The observance of good governance principles in the Athletics Federation will have consequences such as effectiveness, efficiency and accountability.

Do Iranian industrial manufacturing improve fuel consumption technology, and what is the intensity of this improvement? These technology adoptions are crucial due to the long-term effect on energy consumption.
To answer this question and by studying the changes in the period 2012-2017, this paper tries to figure out what will change the firms' decision on energy usage technology. The results show new firms have to decide on their technology due to the reduction in total energy prices.
The findings of this study show that whether the changes in technology use are limited to new entrants, or we consider it a reduction over time, technological changes due to price in the data of industrial manufacturing have occurred. Also, according to the theoretical foundations, based on the findings of this study, with increasing the firm's age, the tendency for structural changes in the industry will decrease.

While there are more than ten girls' unisex universities in Iran, the pathology of this type of university has not been studied yet. However, considering the valuable role and position of women in society and sensitivity to the performance of girls' unisex universities, identifying and removing obstacles to move towards the lofty goals that are important for this type of universities. This study seeks to assess the role of girls' unisex universities as a symbol of the Islamic University in the higher education system.

For this purpose, while reviewing the research literature, the upstream documents that dealt with this field were examined and the strategies and measures proposed in these documents were extracted. Also, in this study, in order to identify the main harms and strategies and factors affecting the effective measures of girls' unisex universities, in-depth exploratory interviews were conducted with 22 experts and experts in related fields.

After identifying and analyzing the propositions, they were labeled with the method of content analysis, which by examining and classifying them, 393 basic themes, 49 organizing themes and four comprehensive themes were labeled.

Research findings include harms and solutions in the fields of management, education, research-technology and culture-students.

over the years, one of the most challenging issues in the policy-making of Iran's public service sector has been the formation of a kind of bubble, both positive and negative, which has led to the occurrence of inflation and stagnation in policies in this area. In general, the bubble phenomenon addresses the issue of the existence of a discrete policy balance in terms of the amount of attention, investment, and reactions that are more or less and more than the size of the government in solving public problems. The purpose of this study is to understand what has happened in the public service sector of Iran.

in this Article, by studying the texts of public policy and in-depth interviews with some knowledgeable experts, with the Grounded Theory Strategy, makes the understanding of this phenomenon possible. Research

Initially, 80 concepts were identified as open source. These findings are based on the micro-objectives of the research in three sections: causes of out-ofmoderation, the context affecting out of moderation, typology out-of- moderation policy in the public services sector and according to theme analysis in 26 sub-themes and seven main themes.

The results show that the policy bubble is based on the involvement of four factors: supply context, demand context, supply and demand environment context and the essence of the policy context in the policy-making process of Iran's public services by distorting the supply and demand of the policy, from three axes: recession, inflation, inflationary stagnation policy is formed; and also based on the confrontation between factors and reasons, 12 types of policy bubbles have been identified in this study.

There is a vast line of research in misallocation like Hsieh and Klenow (2009), which see its roots in policy distortions. However, papers like Bill, Klenow, and Ruane(2020) argued differences in measured average products might reflect misspecification instead of actual marginal products. By focusing on the Indian and Chinese manufacturing sectors, this paper shows that these results are sensitive to the parameters of the factor accumulation and the production function. Notably, the optimal dispersion depends on the parametrization, so one can't address the misallocation without a country-specific calibration of the model, we observe that the Hsieh and Klenow (2009) results are highly dependent on the measurement of the elasticity of substitution and capital share in production. Therefore, the assumption of the same parameters for all three countries could misguide us to a wrong measurement of the actual effects of misallocation. So we need to focus on the estimation of production function before any calculation on misallocation.

Advancement in the field of having a specialized workforce and advanced technologies in advancing the mission and improving the level of combat capability and improving their performance requires the use of knowledge management and the existence of a system in which organizational knowledge can be easily created, acquired and stored. Use the flow of various activities of military organizations. Accordingly, the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in order to advance its goals regarding knowledge management, needs a comprehensive, complete, practical and appropriate model in line with its strategic goals, which in this study intends to achieve this based on its vision and mission. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain the environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategies of military organizations. This research is of applied type and in terms of nature and method of conducting it based on descriptive-survey method, it is consistent with the mixed data analysis approach. For this purpose, by reviewing the literature and background related to this field, to study the development of vision and knowledge management mission, development of internal and external environmental factors affecting the development of knowledge management strategy and their prioritization in military organizations through SWOT analysis. The TOPSIS matrix was developed using SPSS software.The results show that the current state of knowledge management in military organizations is aggressive, based on which knowledge management strategies in military organizations were developed and prioritized.

In value added tax law, it was decided to distribute a share of revenue across local municipalities. This intergovernmental tax is the source of income for many local municipalities in developed countries and aimed, among other purposes, to mitigate the inequality across regions. Its allocation scheme has amended annually in budgetary and permanent laws due to its significance. However, there are almost no study to examine the structure of allotment and its consequences on regional disparity. This study benefits from administrative data to calculate Gini coefficients of intergovernmental transfer across provinces and counties. The Gini coefficients across provinces are 0.64 and 0.61 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In 2018, dues to the change of distribution rules, it increases to 0.87, and it is expected that the new law will exacerbate inequality. The paper proposes new rules such that the transfer would a function of needs and responsibilities by local municipalities.

Today, the issue of education in the world has become an important issue for sustainable development In the meantime; experts consider the main axis of this development to be the continuous participation of organizations and institutions with education. The purpose of this study was to identify the pattern of participation of organizations and institutions with the country's education system. The present study was a developmental research in terms of purpose and a qualitative research in terms of research design. In this study, the Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the studies and create comprehensive and interpretive findings. In this study, Persian and Latin articles and books related to the field of education, especially participation in education, were selected and reviewed between 2000 and 2020. After summarizing and reviewing 29 articles, they were analyzed. Finally, the results of the analysis, after examining the primary and secondary categories, identified 10 general methods of participation in education Including: Participation in technology development, Participation in research and development, Participation in human resources, Participation in relation to the environment, Participation in evaluation, Participation in implementation, Participation in planning, Participation in Accountability, Financial partnership, Information participation.Therefore, according to the dimensions identified in the present study, it is necessary for managers and officials in each organization to identify how they participate in education and thus play their part in this organization.

How should the government budget be allocated to public education, higher education, health, transportation, IT, energy, or indirect public services including expenses on laws and regulations, business governance, and tax reforms. We examine data between 1989 and 2019 of public spending and their outcomes for each affair and title. The results show that despite that number of students declined over time, the spending on public education has been raised. The structural model is estimated by generalized method of moments, and the estimates show that households put significant weights on education and health, as well as energy. However, even with considerable weights on these public goods, due to inefficient production of public services, the counterfactuals illustrate that more spending on tax reform, business environment, and governance relative to actual budget is optimal.

Ensuring access to essential goods during hard times has always been the policy makers’ main concern. Using Household Expenditure and Income Survey data during 1984-1989, we estimate the welfare effects of rationing three essential goods: rice, cooking oil, and sugar. We find that households consumed higher than the efficient quantities of these rationed goods due to lower prices. Under the alternative policy of a cash transfer equal to the value of rations, we estimate a small increase in the aggregate welfare. The distribution of this overall small welfare gain is skewed toward the poor households. The welfare of the poorest quintile of households increases by more than 5 percent when cash transfers replace rationing.

Estimating electricity demand elasticity in different sectors has been an essential research topic. Considering the fact that pricing electricity in various countries does not follow the same rules, many econometrics methods have been developed to estimate this crucial parameter. Electricity demand elasticity is defined as the percent change in electricity consumption in response to one percentage change in electricity price. Having a correct estimate of this parameter would help policymakers to price electricity properly in order to reach desirable goals in electricity consumption optimization and many other aspects of electricity consumption. In Iran, Tavanir which is a subsidiary of the Ministry of Energy, announces the price schedule of electricity in different months and regions. Examining the price schedules in different counties would make it clear that there are neighboring counties in which the imposed tariffs are not the same. In this research, using the fact that there are different tariffs imposed in some neighboring countries, the regression discontinuity design is exploited to identify the household electricity demand price elasticity causally. The findings of this research suggest that on average, increasing the electricity price by one percentage would lead to the decrease of electricity consumption by around 0.4 to 0.7 percent.

Due to the role and importance of local governments in the administration of social affairs, this study set out to examine the capacities of local governments (i.e., city councils and municipalities) to develop social capital in Iran. The study at hand was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of research method. The data was collected using document analysis and interviews. In order to analyze the obtained data, thematic analysis technique was applied. This qualitative study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase – i.e., library research– the texts about the legal duties of city and village Islamic councils and municipalities were probed. Then, in the second phase – i.e., field study – interviews were made with 18 experts, including Qom City Council and Municipality experts up to the point that saturation was achieved. The second phase provided 58 subthemes, which were classified into 12 organizing themes and 5 overarching ones. The overarching themes were organizational trust, political trust, the creation of sympathy, the enhancement of social trust feeling, and the organization of social issues. At the end, four approaches were used to validate the identified capacities.

Resistive economy is a plan which enjoys divine instructions and employs resisting peculiarities to remove vulnerabilities and correct deficiencies of the economy and develop an efficient model of the economy in Muslim society. The supreme leader has defined and explained this plan and communicated some policies for realizing resistive economy. Laying emphasis on the policies of the plan communicated for the field of science and technology, the present research is an endeavor to prove that utilizing Man’s cognitive capacities can serve as an approach for fulfilling the policies of the resistive economy in the field. Recalling, establishing relationship among concepts, symbolization, and visualization are amongst Man’s cognitive processes which can help to substantiate the components of the resistive economy and establish their credibility and, in turn, pave the way for the realization of the policies.

The development of universities in line with commercializing the research results in the first step needs to understand the effective components of organizational culture associated with academic research commercialization. This research aimed to identify the components of a desirable organizational culture to commercialize the research results in a medical sciences university.

This is an applied qualitative research design using  the approach of Glaser’s grounded theory. The target group included managers and faculty members at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews with 14 respondents having experience in research commercialization or cooperation with private companies. The sample was selected using the snowball sampling approach. Then, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze data.

The research findings indicate that the total number of free codes extracted from the content of the interviews was 166, which after merging similar codes with each other, finally 43 codes were extracted and classified in 14 similar concepts and finally in 4 the main themes were categorized. These included components of needs assessment (social accountability), the components of idea production including (innovation, risk appetite, encouragement and reward and Mindset, the culture of idea conversion including (management support, university independence and autonomy, empowered structure, flexibility and strategy and commitment to goals) and the culture of communication include (communication models, interaction, teamwork, consulting services).

According to the results, a reason why research results are not commercialized much is the lack of adequate attention to creating culture by university policy-makers and decision-makers. Therefore, the results found by this research can be used in making policies in line with creating a culture to develop research commercialization.

This study aims to tackle the distribution network of small and medium industries in the sohan industry to investigate the status of the sohan system distribution network, find the existing pathologies in the industry and provide solutions to improve the distribution network. In this research, by reviewing the theoretical bases of the distribution network and using the experts ' experiments, we identified the criteria of distribution network pathology. The statistical population of the study includes manufacturers, experts and activists of Sohan Industry Distribution Network in Qom, the total of the people who interviewed them was 9 people and complete a questionnaire of 17. Using the FARE method, we measured the criteria. In order to identify the damages in the industry, the importance-performance matrix was used. Findings from the research show that in the matrix analysis - the importance of performance among 25 indicators for the distribution of the sohan industry, six indicators of filing quality in the distribution network, the ability to deliver sohan in low volumes, flexibility in transport and inventory cost were considered in the first quarter of the importance - performance matrix which was considered as the damage in the sohan industry. Also by analyzing the data from the interview, using theme analysis method, some solutions have been proposed to improve the damage identified in the sohan distribution network.

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for curriculum for life skills training in elementary school. The method of this qualitative research is of exploratory type. The research population of 15 teachers of education system have been chosen through snowball sampling to achieve data saturation through semi-structured interview. Upgraded documents and documentation of observation have also been used. Findings show that: The main goal of life skills training is to improve individual-social skills of students,nowadays the fundamental need of students is citizenship nurture, student-centered and problem-based contents are among the most relevant contents that should be Combined with the main courses and new methods of education is taught by teachers who are qualified and have the necessary competencies (general, professional, specialized), and in order to evaluate the learning and institutionalizing of life skills in students, qualitative and descriptive evaluation methods and longitudinal studies of behavior and function should be used.