فهرست مطالب محمدرضا ایروانی

The central core of cities, as a valuable heritage and representative of the city's identity, is facing many problems today. Following developments in the technological, economic, and social fields, as well as the movement of population and activities, the central core of cities has faced a decrease in physical, economic, and social quality, and this process has reduced the dynamics of neighborhoods and created problematic urban contexts. As a result, it is necessary to think about various social, cultural and identity dimensions and find a suitable link between them with the physical and spatial dimension in the central core of cities. The aim of the current research is to identify the fields of realization of the development of local community culture in the re-creation of the central core of cities, in such a way that by providing a systematic approach for researchers through the combination of qualitative researches, we will explore new and basic topics and metaphors related to the research topic. This article is presented with the method of meta-combination of studies based on the development of local community culture and the re-creation of the base culture using the seven-point method of Sandusky and Barroso. The results show that the development of local community culture is one of the main indicators of community self-confidence and responds to the spiritual and material needs of people in their community through cultural and social planning.

Urban regeneration is a cross field of urban policies and an important strategic option in promoting urban development at the global level. Unfortunately, in Iran, many urban regeneration approaches with the aim of organizing worn-out areas with a one-dimensional (physical) attitude and little attention to other human structures and the role of people in decision-making have provided the ground for further wear and tear. In the city of Shahrekord, the lack of coordination between the organizations, the trustees and the project implementers, and the disregarding of the opinions and needs of the residents and interested groups in the decisions, the central core of the city has faced a wide range of physical, social, economic and environmental problems. In this research, the identification and classification of indicators We have discussed the effective methods for efficient urban regeneration with an emphasis on the development of local community culture in the central core of Shahrekord. In such a way that the areas of economic, social and political growth are realized in accordance with the city's infrastructure and benefiting from the institutional capacity of the local culture sector. This research was done with a combined methodology and an exploratory research plan. In the current research, the researcher starts his work with qualitative data, which will lead to the analysis of quantitative data. In order to investigate the relationship between the variables and their precise measurements, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used, and AMOS24 and SPSS24 software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation modeling show that the average obtained for the local community culture development indicators includes Physical indicator index (3.41), economy and activity indicator (3.35), cultural activity index (3.32), demand index (3.22), need index. (3.39), social hope index (3.30) and social trust index (3.36) are reported to be higher than the community average (3) and each has a significant impact on efficient urban regeneration. On the other hand, the results of the correlation test show that there is a significant relationship between all indicators of the development of local community culture and urban regeneration and they have a correlation relationship.

 Urban regeneration, situated at the intersection of urban policies, represents a crucial strategic avenue for advancing global urban development. Analysis of the evolving trends in urban regeneration experiences underscores that success within urban areas hinges not solely on physical enhancements but also on social dimensions where residents actively participate in the regeneration process. This research aims to establish criteria for the feasibility of urban regeneration, with a specific focus on fostering the development of local community culture.The findings of the research, particularly in the context of Shahrekord, highlight that the cultivation of local community culture in the central core translates into enhanced control over the living environment and its content. Consequently, this socio-economic transformation contributes to an improved Quality of Life (QoL). The four pivotal criteria—structure (encompassing both natural and artificial dimensions), meaning (in terms of identity, authenticity, and motivational role), activity (spanning economic, social, and cultural aspects), and social factors (such as cultural needs, trust, and hope)—emerge as influential elements shaping the development of local community culture in the context of urban regeneration.Thus, a comprehensive approach is imperative, taking into account all cultural, economic, functional, and spatial components of the plan, as cultural elements and their indicators manifest across all the aforementioned dimensions.

Theoretical Framework: 

Contrary to traditional approaches that focus solely on physical perspectives, this research recognizes the significance of metaphysical components—social assets, tools, and motivators—in achieving a more desirable and acceptable urban revitalization. The study challenges the one-dimensional (physical) approach prevalent in many Iranian urban regeneration efforts, emphasizing the need to involve residents in decision-making processes. In Shahrekord, the lack of coordination among organizations, neglect of residents' opinions, and indifference toward human structures have led to a spectrum of problems in the central core. The study aims to introduce and examine feasibility criteria for urban regeneration by investigating components influencing the development of local community culture, thereby leveraging the institutional capacity of the local culture sector for socio-political and socio-economic growth.

 Ethnography, a qualitative approach delving into the social processes and mental nature of human life, serves as the research method for field studies. The study area, the central core of Shahrekord city, is characterized by shared behavioral, cognitive, and speech paradigms among local residents. Sixteen individuals from the local community were selected using purposive and snowball sampling methods. Ethnography allowed the researcher to understand shared patterns within the group. Themes/categories derived from previous research formed the basis for interview questions. The study population consisted of inhabitants in the central core, and themes were continuously revised and finalized through consistent comparison, resulting in ultimate concepts and themes.

 This paper explores the feasibility criteria for urban regeneration, emphasizing the development of local community culture in Shahrekord's central core. Urban regeneration, a multifaceted process, encompasses diverse strategies and planning policies. The research sheds light on interventions in Shahrekord, particularly the central core, highlighting deficiencies in residents' participation and urban regeneration education. The lack of trust between residents and the city management system, coupled with the absence of trust in residents' decision-making capabilities, impedes meaningful engagement. The research emphasizes the need for residents' participation in shaping their living environment, connecting it to residence and employment, which provide meaning to livelihood. Social and communicative participation, along with cultural mediation, enhances social ties, meets various human needs, and improves quality of life (QoL) and welfare. The development of local community culture in the central core enhances control over the living environment, leading to socioeconomic transformation and an elevated QoL. The identified criteria—structure, meaning, activity, and social factors—emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach, considering cultural, economic, functional, and spatial components for successful urban regeneration.

The urban space is considered a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social-cultural interactions, as well as a basis for the formation and development of social capital. The central core of cities is considered the most important physical-spatial platform of cultural values due to its ancient history, physical heritage, lands suitable for cultural function. The development of social capital strengthens values such as solidarity, solidarity, unity, cooperation and public participation. The purpose of this research is to study the indicators of social capital and their influence on the development, progress and improvement of the culture of the local community, with a case study of the central core of Shahrekord. At this stage, first, the required data is collected from the selected statistical population using a survey study method and through a questionnaire technique. They were subjected to detailed scientific analysis. The research results show that social capital indicators have a positive and significant effect on the development of local community culture, and among other social capital indicators, the meaning index (0.744), the social hope index (0.721), the cultural activity index (0.509), need index (0.49), social trust index (0.485) have the highest ranks.

This study aimed to investigate the training of compassion-focused therapy on psychological distress and fear of negative evaluation in married women. The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was women aged 20 to 45 years who were referred to psychological counseling and services centers under the supervision of the Isfahan welfare organization in 1400 due to marital problems and conflicts. Thirty female clients who had this problem based on the marital conflicts questionnaire of Sanaei, Barati, and Bustanipour (2008) were included in the study according to available sampling, and randomly, 15 people were placed in the experimental group, and 15 people were in the control group. Data collection tools were Sanai et al.'s Marital Conflicts Questionnaire, Leary's Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and Kessler's Psychological Distress Questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26 software. In this research, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data, check all hypotheses, determine the intervention's effect on the experimental group, and evaluate the difference in the scores of the two groups in the pre-test and post-test intervals. The results obtained from the research indicate that compassion-focused treatment training affects psychological distress and fear of negative evaluation in married women.

This study aims to develop the desired leadership model in ancient Iran based on the narrative of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, focusing on the narrative of the great battle between Ki Khosrow and Afrasiab. In this applied research the approach is qualitative based on the interpretative paradigm; and the nature and type of study is exploratory. All verses of the Shahnameh by focusing on the narrative of the great battle of Ki Khosrow with Afrasiab are the statistical community. Based on grounded theory strategy, 815 general statements and 1138 concepts and codes related to the desired command were obtained, which were implemented in 16 themes and 66 dimensions in the form of the structured paradigm. The results show that "commander's character, personality and ability" in the desired command in ancient Iran based on the narrative of the Shahnameh is the central category. The causal conditions of " commander's character, personality and ability " are god-centeredness and belief in religion. The effective background factors include Iranians (people, kings, warriors and the country) and the motivations for starting and continuing the war. The categories of discipline and organization; mobilization of resources and facilities; effective guidance and control of combat operations; application of tactics, strategies and war methods; consultation in command and war management; knowing the enemy; negotiation, communication and effective interaction; sending patrols and escorts by considering security principles are adopted as the axial strategies in the desired command model. The outcome of the interaction and action strategies will eventually lead to the victory (of the Iranians) and the final victory of good over evil. The positions and relationships of each of these themes have been presented in the form of a specific paradigm model and six related cases delivered.

The requirements of the Supreme Leader in the field of the police force will be fulfilled when it is extracted and placed in the hands of people, especially commanders and experts, in the dictionary of advanced science and methodology. The current research was conducted in order to formulate the model of defense and security thinking of the Supreme Leader with the focus on the Islamic Republic of Iran's police force.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative and exploratory in terms of approach. In this regard, all the statements and letters of the Supreme Commander of the General Forces in the Hadith Velayat software from 1368 to 1396 were studied based on the grounded method. Also, the experts of this research are 8 people (4 professors related to the project and 4 strategic studies specialists at Imam Ali and Dafos Army University) who control and confirm the validity of the study during its implementation and after it. In terms of reliability, intra-subject agreement technique has been used.

794 concepts and codes were obtained, which were implemented in the form of 16 categories and 52 dimensions in the form of the paradigm of the database theory according to the theory. According to the findings of this research, "Establishment and maintenance of peace and social (national) security and value order in society" is the central category of his defense and security thought, and all other categories find meaning and meaning in connection with it.

The implementation of the model identified in this study can help to establish the modern Islamic civilization, the desired efficiency of the society and the national power and authority of the country.

The present study aimed to compile the defense thoughts of the Supreme Leader with an emphasis on his memoirs in the field of defense - military. This explanatory research is applied in terms of objective, which is carried out qualitatively based on the interpretive paradigm. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the statements and letters of the Supreme Leader in the Hadith-e-Velayat software from 1989 to 2017. The research strategy is based on grounded theory. Using this method, 692 statements containing memory and 1078 concepts and codes related to defense thought were obtained all of which were implemented within 17 themes and 73 dimensions in the form of a structured paradigm of grounded theory. According to the results, the concept of “God-centeredness” is the central category of his defense thought to in connection with which all other categories find meaning. Causal conditions creating God-centeredness include guidance of authorities, clerics and seminary (institution of religion) and the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran (institution of politics). Grounds and underlying factors include people-centeredness and characteristics. The categories of conscious defense in soft warfare, powerful armed forces, general and all-round mobilization, jihadi management, self-sufficiency, and independence, recognizing the enemy, proactive organizing and defensive warfare, and optimal commanding are considered as central strategies for action and interaction in defense thought to establish the God-centeredness, which is influenced by the categories of foreigners (America, etc.) and internal and external enemies as intervening factors in the strategies of interaction and action in this paradigm. The consequence of action-interaction and God-centeredness strategies will eventually lead to the victory and the establishment of a new Islamic civilization, power, and national authority. The position and relationships of each of these themes are presented in the form of a specific paradigm model and six related theorems

Statistical consideration of syntactic issues in verse and prose makes the analysis of verse and prose structure easier and helps us to understand how two poets use acquaintance techniques in conveying the message in their poems. Naser Khosrow and Sanaei are prominent ode composers in Persian literature. Investigating the syntactic structure of two odes composed in Bahr Hazaj shows the frequency of informative form, variety of adjectives, conjunction and simple sentences in Naser Khosrow poems. Meanwhile, the rate of verb transfer, prepositions, and conjunctions has more frequency in Sanaei’s poem. This feature makes Sanaei’s poem more technical. Examination of the lexical arrangement of the poems shows that Naser Khosrow’s poetry is closer to the standard and aimless language. The frequency of words related to the wisdom motif in Naser Khosrow’s poetry and words associated with the Love motif in Sanaei’s poetry are largely related to the dominant aspect in each of these two poems. This case study reveals that the dominant aspect in the formation of the syntactic structure and lexical arrangement of the poems of both poets have a direct and significant relationship. One of the reasons for the significant change in the syntactic structure of Nasser Khosrow's poems with Sanaei’s poems, which distinguishes each style of poetry, is the change in the dominant aspect. This research provides a model for examining the linguistic and literary characteristics of poets that can provide remarkable and authentic results.

Reading disorder is most common learning disability and allocated most of special education services and specialized intervention programs to it. Dyslexia represents one of the most common problems affecting children and adults; the prevalence of dyslexia in the United States is estimated to be 5 to 17% of school–age children. Dyslexia is believed to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. It often occurs in people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dyslexia is diagnosed through a series of memory tests, spelling, vision and reading skills. Dyslexia can result in low self–esteem, stress, behavioral problems, and underachievement. However, with the right support, children and adults with dyslexia can reach their potential to improve. Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing. Working memory is important for reasoning and the guidance of decision–making and behavior. Working memory is often used synonymously with short–term memory, but some theorists consider the two forms of memory distinct, assuming that working memory allows for the manipulation of stored information, whereas short–term memory only refers to the short–term storage of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central to cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and neuroscience. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) is a task that measures how quickly individuals can name aloud objects, pictures, colors, or symbols (letters or digits). Variations in rapid automatized naming time in children provide a strong predictor of their later ability to read, and is independent from other predictors such as phonological awareness, verbal IQ, and existing reading skills. Importantly, rapid automatized naming of pictures and letters can predict later reading abilities for pre–literate children. The purpose of this study was to comparison of working memory and rapid automized number in children with and without dyslexia disorder. 

The present study was a quasi–experimental design with pretest posttest by control and experimental groups. Statistical communication is second primary pupils in Yazd city (Yazd province, Iran). For this study, 50 students with dyslexia disorder and 50 normal student were chosen in randomized sampling. Data for this study were collected by the test of working memory and rapid automatized naming. For measuring of working memory, we used working memory subscale of Wechsler test and for measuring of rapid atomized naming, we used rapid automized naming test of Barkhordar. For diagnostic of dyslexia we used NEMA test. NEMA was developed by Kormi noori in 2016. The overall alpha Cronbach’s for test with high frequency word, word with medium frequency, low frequency word was 0.97, 0.98 and 0.98. The Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC), developed by David Wechsler, is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 to 16. It generates a full scale IQ (formerly known as an intelligence quotient or IQ score) that represents a child's general intellectual ability. It also provides five primary index scores: Verbal comprehension index, visual spatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index and processing speed index. For analyzed data, we used t–test. Data analyzed by SPSS 21. 

Working memory and rapid automatized naming was different in dyslexic and normal children (p<0.001). 

For this reason of working memory and rapid automatized naming was different in dyslexic and normal children, it is recommended that teachers use these skills for educating this children.

Structure of structures in Naser Khosrow poem based on rationality dominant. All large and small poem structures are systematically about structure of structures or enhance it through interaction with each other, and functioning proof of claim of the poet around the certainty instead of speculation and suspicious. Thought structure of the Naser kosrow’s poem (in politics and religious, etc.) based on contrast with Abbasid and Seljuk government. He was not only considering “wisdom” as judgment criterion to argue and dominant on oppositions, but also raising and proving his Ismaili beliefs based on rational approach. “Adherence to religion (especially Ismaili sect) revolving around individual to escape from the world” is the contents of the Naser kosrow poem and its related pictorial clusters composed of focal pictures of his poem. His artistic poetics based on imitation of the world and its rules in poem is stable and rational. Ultra- high frequency in” wisdom” meaning, balanced usage of imagery and debates are the components of the rationality dominant in structure of structures in Iran and they are causing the superiority of virtual pole to the metaphorical pole of the clear, single meaning, and explicit language of his poem. In this qualitative and part quantitative study, this study is exploratory in terms of purpose and conducted through investigating the views of structuralist and formalist approaches.

Psychologists believe that paying attention to the self-esteem and happiness in nurses can have positive effects on motivating them to perform their duties. This study was conducted aimed at investigating the effects of quality of life therapy (QOLT) on increasing happiness and self-esteem among nurses at the public hospital of Shohadaye Lenjan in Zarrinshahr City.
Material and The research has a quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all nurses working at the Public Hospital of Shohadaye Lenjan in Zarrinshahr City in 2016. A sample comprised of 30 individuals was selected using the sampling method (the experimental group and the control group consisted of 15 individuals each). The experimental group received eight 60-minute sessions of weekly interventions, but the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Oxford Happiness Inventory and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the covariance analysis. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of the increase in the happiness scores (p=0.002) and their components (i.e. life satisfaction (p=0.011), the positive mood (p=0.000), health (p=0.000), and efficacy (p=0.002)). Also, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of self-esteem (p=0.002) and its components, including social self-esteem (p=0.002) and family self-esteem (p=0.001). According to results of the current research, the quality of life therapy as the combination of the positive psychology and the cognitive behavioral therapy can increase happiness and self-esteem among nurses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of medical acceptance and commitment on verbal aggression in high school girl students in Shahr-e-kord. The present research method is a quasi-experimental one with pretest-posttest design with control group and multistage cluster sampling method. In the first stage, between Shahr-e-kord's dual education areas, District 1 were selected randomly; then two high schools were selected randomly between high schools in this area. By selecting two classes from each high school and implementing a questionnaire, 60 female students who had the highest scores on aggression scale were selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental (30) or the control group (30). Group training was done in eight 90-minute sessions, once a week, on the experimental group, and all subjects completed the Bass and Peri (1992) aggression questionnaire before and after the training. To analyze the data, covariance analysis was used. The results showed that acceptance-based treatment and group-based commitment did not reduce verbal aggression and did not have any effect (p <0.05).

"Da" is a sample of contemporary Persian prose in 1380-1390s.
It clearly has a simple, brief, intimate, fluent and fictional text that, especially in the middle parts, enjoys a detailed view toward events.
Anecdotal narration and unity of structure are presented in a way that any reader can imagine the events.
"Da" is also a documentary about the imposed war narrating the problems people faced during the war. Metaphor is the main rhetorical technique used in the book. The frequency of verbs is intentionally high and is more than names and adjectives. This has led to the dynamicity of the text and its pleasant briefness. Arabic and Kurdish terms have a high frequency in the text as well. "Da" is such an extrovert and concrete work in which the narrator mostly talks about the surface of events using a detailed perspective.
Honest, effective narration of the events, especially of the first days of war in Khorramshahr, has made this work the expression of passions and emotions of the narrator.
Using analytic- descriptive techniques and emphasizing content, this study analyzes the stylistics of "Da" memoire based on three fields of stylistics: the stylistics of language, literal stylistics, and rational stylistics.

The aim of the present study is investigating the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment based treatment on female high school students’ aggression in Shahrekord city in 2015-16. This study is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test and a control group and applied sampling method is multi-stage clustering. At the first step, one of two districts of Shahrekord education administration was selected randomly. Then, two high schools were randomly chosen among the high schools in this district. By choosing two classes from each high school and applying a questionnaire, 60 female students who obtained the highest score in aggression scale were chosen and were randomly classified into an experimental group and a control group, each consisted of 30 students. Treatment was carried out on experimental group in eight sessions, each 90 minutes, once a week, and all the participants completed the Buss-Perry (1992) aggression questionnaire before and after the treatment. ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. Findings show that group acceptance and commitment based treatment results in reducing aggression and its components (except verbal aggression) among girls. Regarding the present research findings, group acceptance and commitment based treatment is recommended to the therapists in order to improve the female high school students’ behavior and reducing aggression.

The aim of this study is to answer the following question: Have the euphoriant programs been effective on reducing oppression among Isfahan citizens? The method of the present research is semi-experimental descriptive and the statistical community of this study included all the citizens of 13 municipality zones of Isfahan and 500 different areas of Isfahan are selected using random sampling method. The instrument utilized in this survey is standard test-back and 33 questions concerning different aspects of depression: sadness-to feel failed-pessimism-dissatisfaction - to feel guilty and sinful- to ask for punishment-self hatred-crying- peevishness-recession- insomnia and sleeping disorders-fatigue ability،… 1- There is a significant and meaning full difference between mental health of those paying happy times (euphoria) and others. 2- There is a significant difference between the rate of sleeping disorders of those paying happy times (euphoria) and others. 3- There is a significant and meaning full difference between aggression of those paying happy times (to have euphoriant programs) and others. 4- There is a significant and meaning full difference between the rate of oppression among Isfahan citizens; before performing euphoriant programs and after performing euphoriant programs. 5- The rate of oppression among Isfahan citizens; before performing euphoriant programs were as follow: oppression among both men and women were in a high level and there is no significant difference between two groups. We can consider happiness as one of the main favorable subjects of our life. Since we select our own way of life and thought، we can also develop happiness in our imagination and subjectivity.

Shahnameh is rich in terms of advice and wisdom. Without doubt, ethical, behavioral and performance characteristics (heroic behavior) are determining factors in the result of wars. Rational selection and appointment of commanders for various responsibilities play an important role in the promotion of organizational objectives or failure of commanders or managers. In the epic of Siavosh’s arrival, Firdausi cites certain evil and omen characteristics of the commanders and heroes. The characteristics arouse various reactions which determine the result of war and indicate relationship between them and military commands. As a descriptive and qualitative in nature, this study aimed to elaborate on ethical aspects of the hero’s personalities under various situations and their relation to commanders’ behavior and ethic. Having summed up the story, this study presents some of the examples extracted from one of the sample stories as management teaching points.