محمدرضا حشمتی

This research investigates the semiotic analysis of the structure of religiosity in the two films "Range Khoda" and "Gadamgah".  Cinema, as a powerful medium, plays a key role in the representation and reproduction of religious discourses. The aim of this study is to examine the rules, structures and religious patterns in these two films. A qualitative research method with a semiotics approach has been chosen and the visual signs present in the films have been analyzed. This research examines the role of religion in Iranian society and how it is represented in these two works. The findings show that both films contain a rich set of technical, social and ideological codes. The semiotic analysis of the films reveals that both works have extensively used religious signs to convey their messages. For example, these films present an image of religion as a source of peace, hope and meaning in life in a traditional society. Religious characters in these films are portrayed as spiritual and moral leaders of the community and the identity and meaning of the film characters are shaped through religion. In contrast, wealthy and powerful characters are less inclined to religion, while poor and marginalized characters are more likely to seek refuge in religion. Additionally, women in these films are often portrayed in traditional and obedient roles.

The present research is a quantitative and survey study that aims to identify the problems of the virtual classroom during the corona in the high school of Ilam city. The statistical population includes 7731 high school students in Ilam city. The sampling method is cluster and random that 2035 students participated in completing the questionnaire. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was used using convergence test (AVE). Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between communication problems and students' negative attitude towards participating in online classes. There is also a positive and significant relationship between motivational problems and students' negative attitudes toward participating in online classes. This study showed that educational problems and achieving academic goals have a positive and significant effect on students' motivation to participate in online classes. Infrastructure and software problems of online learning classroom learning environment have a positive effect on educational problems. Finally, communication problems in online classrooms reduce students' motivation.