محمدرضا ملکی

The transition of hospitals from non-teaching to teaching institutions has been increasing in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the key processes involved in this transition.

This research was conducted using a mixed-methods qualitative approach. The first step involveddocument analysis, the multiple voting technique, and scenario and process development. The second step employed a comparative qualitative study using data extraction tables.

In the first step, 195 processes were identified, and after prioritization, 19 were selected. Then, 67 documents were reviewed to categorize the content related to each type of hospital. Workstations and flowcharts were compared, leading to the identification and mapping of seven new processes introduced by the addition of the teaching mission, as well as the strengthening of 12 existing processes. The changes include the involvement of new personnel in activities, an increase in the number of process steps and processes, and a greater number of individuals responsible for executing these steps. Also, the complexity of teaching processes increases due to clinical training, requiring the simultaneous presence of students and medical staff.

Considering the involvement of new personnel and the changes in the number and variety of responsible individuals, special attention should be given to employee resistance, potential conflicts, and both individual and group communication. The doubling and prolonging of processes require careful consideration of hospital performance, patient satisfaction, and the clinical training of future healthcare professionals. The simultaneous presence of students and medical staff highlights the need for increased supervision and attention to patient safety and quality. Two key processes from the total reviewed processes are related to patient acceptance and assignment, making it crucial to focus on these as the first point of contact and key communication channels for providing services and preventing quality and performance gaps, based on the findings of this study.

Human resource planning of faculties in medical sciences universities is an important requirement to achieve the function of producing health workforce. This study aimed to develop a model for the estimation of faculties in universities of medical sciences.

In this practical study, factors influencing the workload of faculty members were identified by quantitative and qualitative method. Data collection was done by document review, expert group interviews and curriculum analysis. Approaches based on curricula and the requirements of specialized boards were used to develop the model. Data entry and analysis were done in Microsoft Excel 2010.

To estimate the faculty members required for specialized, sub-specialized and fellowship courses of medicine, linear model consisting of the combined variable of the number of annual student admissions multiplied by the academic staff coefficient and the variable of the fixed number of faculty for each course, as well as the specialties required separately for each course, was constructed. The needed faculties for other courses were according to the other model consists of the independent variable of the number of students and a combined variable namely "faculty member coefficient", constructed of parameters including the number of credit hours obligated to be taught by a faculty member per semester, the optimum number of students in the class, the number of majors' semesters and the course's adjusted value.

This model is an innovative method to estimate the needed faculties in Iranian universities of medical sciences that could raise the efficiency of health workforce's production.
Key words: Faculty member, Model, Estimation, Medical Sciences University.

Jaundice is a common condition in newborns caused by bilirubin accumulation, which can lead to severe complications, including brain damage. This study aimed to identify risk factors for severe jaundice requiring blood transfusion, as such procedures carry potential risks.

Data were reviewed for 3,266 infants admitted for jaundice at Quds Hospital in Qazvin from 2017 to 2022, of whom 49 required blood transfusions. Information was collected from medical records and maternal questionnaires.

Among the 49 infants, 66% were male, 36% were preterm, and 49% were firstborn. The most common maternal blood type was O+ (20 cases), while A+ was the most frequent blood type among infants (21 cases). Notably, 71.4% of cases involved blood type incompatibility between the infant and mother. Delivery methods included 32 vaginal births and 17 cesarean sections. G6PD deficiency was present in 18% of the infants, and 78% of parents had no familial relationship.

ABO incompatibility was the primary cause of blood transfusion (19.94%), followed by Rh incompatibility (6.1%) and G6PD deficiency (5%). These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing risk factors for severe jaundice to minimize the need for blood transfusion and its associated risks.

Measuring the seed and fertilizer mass flow rate in drill delivery tubes is an essential tool for real-time monitoring of the application rates. In the present study, a non-contact capacitance measuring system was implemented to monitor the granular discharge rate in seed and fertilizer applicators. The set-up consisted of a fluted-roller feeding mechanism and the capacitance measuring system incorporated in the discharge tube. The set-up was mounted on a custom-built vibratory stand to simulate the field condition during the measurement. Then, triple super phosphate, wheat, and alfalfa granular discharge rates were measured over 30 s intervals in both static and dynamic conditions from 3.42±1.22 to 19.3±0.95 g/s in 5 rates, from 2.55±0.23 to 19.02±0.86 g/s in 8 rates, and from 0.42±0.02 to 1.6±0.08 g/s in 7 rates, respectively. The results revealed that the mass flow was effectively correlated with sensor signals for all examined materials. However, the capacitance sensor failed to measure the sudden change in mass flow rate synchronously with the digital scale. This phenomenon was predictable because it is attributed to the feature of a digital balance, which is always accompanied by an initial lag. Also, the results revealed that the vibrating stand had no effect on the sensor accuracy.

The article’s aim is to analyze the interaction of internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran. In other words, identifying the most important internal factors affecting the improvement of external factors and vice versa is considered. For this purpose, the relationships between internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran are analyzed through the analysis of the correlation structure between them. For the success of organizations in a dynamic and changing environment, managers must strive to improve processes and sustainability. Also, in the process of sustainable development, the impact of internal and external factors of sustainability should be examined and analyzed. Based on the importance of free zones in the country's economy, the issue of sustainable development of these zones needs to be considered from different angles and using scientific methods. Given that the multiple relationships between internal and external factors and the direct relationship between internal and external factors, the sustainable development of free zones has not been done with each other, and closing this gap is a necessity. Because, external factors of sustainable development are not within the authority of free zones and depend on organizations, companies and communities. Neglecting the impact of these factors on domestic factors can lead to more costs in achieving sustainable development of free zones. For this purpose, in this study, the relationships between internal and external factors are examined and analyzed to finally achieve sustainable development of free zones based on accurate information and analysis of various aspects to achieve the best achievement at the lowest cost in sustainable development of these zones.

The main method is the canonical correlation analysis method. Using questionnaires containing questions related to internal and external indicators, which are prepared in the form of a five-point Likert option, experts answer it in an online survey. The collected data from internal and external factor questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Then, canonical correlation analysis is performed to study the correlation between internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones. This canonical correlation is made for the study between two data sets that include seven internal factors in the first set and four external factors in the second set. The statistical population of this study consists of specialists and professors of Payame Noor University and 184 randomly selected statistical sample participated.

After performing the canonical correlation analysis method, the findings related to the correlation between canonical variables, the proportion of variance of internal and external factors explained by the first and second set canonical variables, canonical factor loads, and canonical cross-factor loads were obtained. The results, based on the Fisher test show that the correlation of three pairs of canonical variables among the four possible pairs is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The correlation of the first canonical pair is equal to 0.994 with a specific value of 9.039. Also, the correlations of the second and the third canonical pair are equal to 0.705 and 0.659, respectively, with special values of 0.989 and 0.767. The calculated values show that 90, 49.7 and 43.4% of the variance in the canonical variables related to external (internal) factors are explained by the canonical variables related to internal (external) factors, respectively. The set of canonical variables related to internal factors represents 65.9% of the sample dispersion of the sample of internal factors, while the three identified canonical variables related to external factors cover 93% of the sample dispersion of the sample of external factors. Also, the proportion of variance of the canonical variables of the first group to the total dispersion of the four external factors was equal to 46.3%, while 69.3% of the variance of the seven internal factors is explained by the canonical measures of the second set.

The results show that the proportion of variance in the set of internal factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance identified in the set of external factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the second set. Also, the proportion of variance of the four external factors explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance of the seven internal factors covered by the canonical variables of the second set. Based on the calculated factor load values, it was shown that the canonical variables of the first set generally have significant factor loads with all internal factors, including 1) welfare and services, 2) support and regulation, 3) pollution control, 4) protection and prevention 5) Productivity, 6) green operation and 7) infrastructure and facilities. Similarly, it was observed that the values of the factor load of the second set, canonical variables on all four external factors, including 1) culture building, 2) environmental measures, 3) knowledge and communication, and 4) local community support are significant. In this context, the internal factors of "welfare and services" and the external factors of "culturalization" have the most factor factors with the canonical variables of the first and second categories, respectively. The calculated values for cross-factor loads showed that changes in the four internal factors "welfare and services", "support and regulation", "green operation" and "infrastructure and facilities" will have the greatest effect on canonical variables derived from external factors. In addition, cross-factor loads are significant for all external factors other than "knowledge and communication", the largest of which is related to the "culture-building" factor. In general conclusion, it can be said that internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones significantly affect each other.

Every year, a significant part of fruit and vegetable products is lost due to the country's inappropriate transportation systems and storage facilities. The waste of strawberry and apple products in Iran is estimated at 40% and 31%, respectively; which can be considered as a source of biomass in bioenergy production. Despite the good biogas production potential, fruit waste requires pretreatment due to lignocellulosic matter to reduce biological decomposition time. This research investigated the effect of mechanical, chemical and thermal pretreatments on the degradability of fruit waste and the amount of biogas production from its co-digestion with cow manure. Mechanical pretreatment was by crushing apple and strawberry waste into pieces of 5, 10 and 15 mm, chemical pretreatment was by placing fruit waste in sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) at concentrations of 6, 8 and 10% for 3 hours and heat treatment was done by putting waste together with distilled water inside the microwave at 800 watts for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. The pretreated wastes were co-digested with cow manure and were fed into the batch digesters under anaerobic digestion conditions for 25 days. The results showed that the pretreatments of crushing, sodium hydroxide and the microwave increased biogas production compared to the control by 5%, 50.9% and 27.3%, respectively. Chemical pretreatment can be suggested as a preferred method of pretreatment of the identified wastes.

In some statistical quality control applications, the process outcome is better expressed by a functional relationship among several correlated response variables and one independent variable called multivariate simple linear prole. Monitoring such proles without taking the correlation structure among the response variables into account leads to misleading interpretations. Specically, monitoring each prole by a separate chart increases the probability of Type I error. With increasing customer expectations, detecting small and moderate changes has become important in today's competitive markets. In this regard, some monitoring schemes including memorytype charts, adaptive charts, and progressive mean (PM) charts have been proposed to enhance the chart sensitivity in reacting to small and moderate disturbances. In this paper, three PM based monitoring schemes including MPMa, MPMe and MPMae charts are developed for Phase II monitoring of multivariate simple linear proles. Extensive simulations in terms of average run length (ARL) metric are carried out to probe the capability of the proposed charts in detecting separate and simultaneous changes in regression model parameters (intercept, slope and standard deviation). Moreover, the sensitivity of the proposed PM based charts is compared with competing ones in the literature including MEWMA, MEWMA/x2 and MEWMA-3 schemes. The results conrm that under dierent correlation coe cient values, when the intercept parameter of one pro- le changes from its nominal value, the proposed charts work better than the competing ones. Under the mentioned shift structure, the sensitivity of all charts improves by increasing the value of correlation coecient. Concerning the sustained shifts in slope parameter, it is observed that by increasing the correlation coecient and shift magnitude, the MPMa and MPMae charts perform better than the other ones. Besides, under standard deviation disturbances, the proposed charts have almost the same sensitivity to react to small and moderate changes. The results indicate that under simultaneous shifts in model parameters of both proles, the proposed PM based schemes have better detectability than their competing ones. Finally, the applicability of the best proposed chart is illustrated using a real life example from automotive industry.

Theory-based educational interventions are a logical approach in order to improve pro-environmental behaviors. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the educational intervention based on the extended theory of planned behavior on pro-environmental behaviors in residents of Qazvin city.

Using a multi-stage random sampling method, 120 citizens referring to Qazvin health care centers participated in a quasi- experimental study in 2022-2023. Targeted educational content was provided through what’s APP and online training (4 sessions) in the form of lectures and group discussions along with educational pamphlets and text messages for the experimental group. Data were collected before and 3 months after the Theory based education using demographic questionnaires, Pro-environmental Knowledge, moral commitment, Self- identity, TPB subscales, and pro-environmental behavior questionnaires, and were analyzed with SPSS 25.0 software and chi-square, independent and paired T-tests, ANOVA and ANCOVA were analyzed.

The mean of pro-environmental awareness (from 5.2±1.3 to 10.9±2.1), attitude (from 17.5±2.5 to 34.7±6.1), subjective norms (from 8.9±1.8 to 14.9±1.3), self-identity (from 8.8±1.7 to 12.7±2.1), moral commitment (from 10.9±1.4 to 15.0±2.1), behavioral control (from 15.7±1.6 to 24.9±3.5) and behavioral intention (from 7.4±2.2 to 11.2±9) significantly improved in the experimental group after theory based education (P<0.001). Also, the mean of pro-environmental behaviors improved significantly after controlling the effect of the pre-test variable in the experimental group (36.4±9.5 to 52.2±8.7, P<0.001).

The implementation of educational interventions based on the extended theory of planned behavior can encourage pro-environmental behaviors in citizens by improving psychological factors.

Students can play an effective role in protecting the environment by changing environment-related beliefs and strengthening responsibility and self-efficacy. The use of behavior change models is a reasonable approach to identifying psychological factors effective on pro-environmental behavior (and is an undeniable necessity before designing cognitive-behavioral interventions. The current study aimed to determine the variables affecting pro-environmental behaviors in elementary school students in Qazvin City using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Using a multi-stage sampling method, 184 fifth- and sixth-grade students of public elementary schools participated in a cross-sectional study in 2022-2023. The data collection tool was a self-report questionnaire including demographic information, a knowledge scale, and a 20-item questionnaire to assess pro-environmental behaviors and TPB-related subscales. The data were analyzed using LISREL 8.80 software and statistical tests, such as the Chi-square test, independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and path analysis at a significant level of less than 0.05.

The status of some behaviors, such as warning about environmental issues, controlling the ambient temperature, using public transportation, and the pattern of watching TV programs were inappropriate. The strongest correlation coefficient was reported between knowledge and attitude (r=0.675, P<0.05) and the weakest between subjective norms and behavior (r=0.235, P<0.01). Moreover, perceived behavioral control (β=0.49, P<0.05) and attitude (β=0.31, P<0.05) formed the most important constructs affecting intention, and 66.7% and 28.5% of the variance of pro-environmental intentions and behaviors was explained by TPB, respectively.

The TPB is considered a suitable and logical theoretical framework for understanding and evaluating psychological variables effective on pro-environmental behavior in students. It is recommended to focus on attitude and perceived behavioral control in designing educational interventions to encourage pro-environmental behaviors.

Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common cause of neonatal hospitalization in the first month after birth. Understanding the underlying causes of jaundice helps identify newborn at risk faster. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of jaundice in neonates with diabetic mothers on the 3rd to 5th day of after birth. 120 pregnant mothers aged 18 to 40 years who had diabetes during pregnancy (familial or gestational diabetes) and were treated with insulin were included in this descriptive epidemiological study. All demographic information of the mother and infant is recorded in the checklists and after delivery, mothers are advised to visit the clinic on a routine checkup for jaundice (jaundice visible in the sclera) on the third to fifth day after birth. After a thorough neonatal examination, a total bilirubin test will be performed. Of 120 diabetic mothers, 54 (45%) had no jaundice, 24 (20%) had clinical jaundice, and 42 (35%) needed phototherapy. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the three groups without jaundice, clinical jaundice and need for phototherapy in terms of gender, gestational age and Rh factor incompatibility but there was a significant difference between type of feeding, birth weight and incompatibility of ABO system. . Further statistical analysis showed that only birth weight factors and blood group incompatibility were associated with icterus. Maternal diabetes and neonatal jaundice appear to be associated.

It is difficult to accurately measure the flow rate of seeds and fertilizers in grain drills, because the granules move in a continuous dense state. The purpose of this research was to monitor the mass flow of granular materials in the fall tube of the drill using a piezoelectric sensor. The laboratory system consisted of a repository box, a fluted roller metering device, a fall tube, and a piezoelectric sensor. To simulate the drill movement in the field, a vibrating stand was designed to oscillate the set-up in two perpendicular directions. The maximum amplitude stand was 8.99 cm according to the peaks and depressions available in a field after plowing. The sensor was evaluated in two static and dynamic modes for wheat seed, alfalfa seed, and triple superphosphate fertilizer with the usual drilling rate. The results showed the output signal of the sensor was proportional to all different mass flow rates in both static and dynamic states. The correlation coefficient was 0.95, 0.99, and 0.98 in static mode and 0.93, 0.86, and 0.98 in dynamic mode for wheat, alfalfa seed, and triple superphosphate fertilizer, respectively. In addition, the piezoelectric sensor could instantaneously monitor the sudden changes in the mass flow according to the reading of the digital scale. The results showed that the developed sensor can be used to monitor the mass flow rate of seeds and fertilizers in drills for calculating the drilling rate in real time.

Neonatal jaundice is a common problem that leads to many problems such as encephalopathy and hearing loss, kernicterus and death. Due to the importance of preventing the potential complications of hyperbilirubinemia, the present study was performed to determine the level of total cord bilirubin in neonates and to compare with bilirubin three days after birth in Kowsar hospital in Qazvin.

In this prospective cross-sectional study, 100 neonates were evaluated in Kowsar hospital maternity ward and required information was prepared in checklists containing maternal variables (blood group,taking medicine) and the infant's data (name, sex, birth weight, gestational age, breast feeding and formula milk feeding, Apgar score, cord blood bilirubin level, and serum bilirubin level on the third day after birth) were obtained with informed consent and entered into a file by a trained individual. Cord blood samples were also taken to measure the level of bilirubin and to determine the blood group of neonates and venous blood samples were taken on the third day after birth. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive and statistical analysis(P<0.05).

The mean levels of total and direct bilirubin of neonates in birthday and third day were 2.8 ±1.00 and 0.31±0.10 and 13.13±2.53 and 0.29±0.14 mg/dl, respectively. In addition, cord albumin was also reported to be 3.2±0.64. The mean level of total bilirubin at birth and third day was not significantly different between boys and girls (p.value=0.92). There was a significant and direct correlation between maternal age and total cord blood bilirubin level (p.value=0.04), and also total bilirubin level at the third day of birth had a significant and direct correlation with the number of abortions (p.value=0.05). Moreover, the level of total bilirubin and third day of birth were inverse correlated with albumin level.

High risk neonates need more accurate follow-up for jaundice, because timely diagnosis and very simple treatment can reduce the potential risks of neonatal jaundice. The present study showed that cord total bilirubin levels compared with bilirubin three days after birth can be used as a suitable diagnostic method to accurately track neonates at risk of jaundice.

In this study, a hybrid method based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique, analytical network process (ANP), and factor analysis is developed to prioritize economic, social, and environmental indicators of sustainable development in free. For this purpose, first, the indicators are classified into two internal and external ones and their latent factors are identified and named using the factor analysis method. Then, the DEMATEL technique is employed for identifying the internal relationship among the indicators as well as determining the intensity of their influential indicators and influence. Moreover, the causal diagrams, the internal relationships of internal and external indicators, and the cause or effect of the indicators are explained by the DEMATEL technique. Finally, the relative importance of the indicators is obtained based on the ANP method, and by calculating the weighted and limit super matrixes, the ranking of sustainable development indicators in both internal and external parts is obtained. The results obtained from 44 internal and 24 external indicators show that "welfare and services" and "culture making" factors are the most important internal and external ones, respectively, while "providing conditions for investment and support for investment" and "prevention of marine pollution by ships" indicators are the most important internal and external ones in the sustainable development of free zones.

Aim and introduction. Today’s business leaders are seeking to achieve sustainable development in order to succeed in the competitive market. Based on the theoretical framework, research background and experts' opinions, it can be concluded that despite the increase in the number of free zones in Iran, they have mainly focused on importing different products to the country. In other words, there is not a balanced growth in these areas in terms of sustainable development indicators, including economic, environmental and social indicators. In addition, the performance of the free zones has not been satisfactory from attracting foreign investment and employment viewpoints. Therefore, considering the high potential of free trade-industrial zones in economic growth of the country, it is necessary to take the all dimensions of sustainable development into account. Methodology.The main purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the indicators of sustainable development in  free zones of Iran. To accomplish that, considering three main areas including commercial, industrial and tourism, the sustainable development indicators of free zones under both internal and external dimensions from three aspects of environmental, economic and social are studied using fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. This technique is a structural method that is able to represent the causal relationships among factors which uses a straightforward diagram and some matrices. This technique contains eight steps of 1) defining appropriate scales, 2) establishing the direct-influence matrix, 3) normalizing the direct-influence matrix, 4) constructing the total-influence matrix, 5) deriving the influential relation map (IRM), 6) designing a scatter diagrams, 7) setting the threshold values, 8) building cause and effect relationship diagrams.In this regard, a DEMATEL questionnaire based on the 5-choice verbal values ​​scale consisting of 44 internal and 24 external indicators is designed. Then, the results received from eight experts are analyzed in MATLAB and Excel software. The obtained results show that the variability of internal indicators is more than the that of external indicators which implies that the internal indicators have a wider range of relationships than the external indicators. Moreover, the dispersion of internal effect indicators is more than that of internal cause ones while there is a slight difference between the dispersions of external cause and effect indicators. Besides, the existence of complex relations among both internal and external indicators is confirmed. The obtained results from internal indicators show that three indicators: 1) separation, collection, transportation, recycling and disposal of industrial waste, 2) reducing the use of hazardous industrial waste, and 3) Satisfaction of supply chain stakeholders, respectively, have the most relationship with other internal indicators. In other words, focusing on the mentioned indicators can make a significant improvement in other internal indicators. Furthermore, three internal indicators of 1) providing interest and services for stakeholders, 2) proper strategy to increase market share, and 3) encouragement of employees to participate in sustainable development, respectively, have the least relations with other internal indicators. Consequently, concentrating on these indicators leads to little changes in other internal indicators. The results obtained from external indicators confirm that three indicators of 1) culture of compliance with safety and environmental standards by companies, 2) prevention of marine pollution by ships, and 3) raising the awareness of tourists and customers regarding traffic issues, respectively, are the most related indicators to other external ones. As a result, changes in these indicators can significantly affect the other external indicators.Discussion and Conclusion.In addition, three indicators of: 1) encouraging tourists and customers to buy eco-friendly products, 2) cooperating with charities and organizations to support the local community, and 3) informing tourists and customers to respect the customs, traditions and comfort of the local community, respectively have the least interaction with the other external ones. Hence, paying attention to these three indicators results in a little changes in other external indicators. As another important finding, it can be referred to the influential internal and external indicators. In this regard, the indicators: 1) providing sustainable development policies, 2) air quality monitoring and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and 3) establishment of industries are the most effective internal indicators, respectively, while 1) educating local community regarding sustainable development, 2) reducing energy consumption by companies, and 3) cooperation with international companies are the most influential foreign indicators, respectively.Finding. Although, this study determines the complex causal structure and identifies influential and influenced internal and external indicators, it does not calculate the relative importance of the indicators. Besides, despite the internal relation among internal and external indicators of sustainable development, the proposed method ignores the multiple relations among them. Therefore, future researchers can be directed to use of multi-criteria decision-making techniques to quantify the relative importance of sustainable development criteria of free trade-industrial zones.

In the present study, an electro-hydraulic system for repositioning the soil shield of a rotary tiller was designed, developed, and evaluated to make it automated for performing variable rate tilling operation. The reposition of the soil shield was studied in the opening and closing stages from 0° to 80° and vice versa, with a 10° and 20° increment under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, the speed average of soil shield reposition in the opening and closing stages were 102.0±9.2 and 79.0±8.7 deg/s, with the time average in opening and closing stages of 0.11±0.02 and 0.15±0.01 s, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the requested position for the soil shield and the position created by the hydraulic actuator under laboratory conditions in both opening and closing states were R2 = 0.99 (RMSE = 0.7 deg). Under field conditions, the speed average of the soil shield reposition at three travel speeds of 2.6, 3.5, and 4.8 km/h in the opening stage were 97.7, 99.1, and 99.1 deg/s and in the closing stage were 77.3, 78.3, and 78.7 deg/s, respectively. The correlation between the requested position for the soil shield and the position created by the hydraulic actuator in both opening and closing states were R2 = 0.99 (RMSE = 1.2 deg) and R2=0.99 (RMES=1.3 deg), respectively. The soil shield repositioning system can be performed in less than 0.3 s in-field, making it an effective and practical tool for performing variable rate tillage.

The growing trend of renal failure has focused clinical therapy on the cost-effective alternatives such as peritoneal dialysis. Therefore, the present study has investigated the effectiveness of two methods of continuous and automatic peritoneal dialysis in the patients with end stage renal disease.

This study was conducted in the form of a systematic review. Advanced search was done in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus databases, and in title, abstract, and keyword fields without any restrictions. The inclusion criteria included clinical trial research focused on two methods of peritoneal dialysis. The process of data extraction was performed, using a standard checklist. The quality of the studies was evaluated by the Cochrane quality assessment checklist and the results of the indicators were analyzed in the form of meta-analysis.

A total of 5 clinical trials, including 311 patients, were included in the study. All studies had high quality. Automated method has the advantage of continuous procedure in terms of complications such as mortality (RR 1.42, 95% CI 0.48 to 4.21), peritonitis (RR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.29), exit-site (RR:1.07,95% CI 0.52 to 2.15) and tunnel (RR 1.01,95%CI 0.18 to 5.67). The kt/v index was better in the automatic method than the continuous method (SMD 0.37, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.73), on the other hand, creatinine clearance in the continuous method was better than the automatic method (SMD -0.40, 95%CI 0.78 to 0.02).

The side effects of the two treatment methods did not differ, but considering the indicators of dialysis adequacy, creatinine clearance was performed better in the continuous outpatient method, while the results of the kt/v index in the automatic method were better. In terms of cost items, along with clinical indicators, it seems that final decision-making for macro-health policies has helped.

Availability of efficient attachments on tillage implements is one of the challenges in variable-rate tilling concept. Reposition of the rotary tiller’s soil hood automatically makes it a practical tool for variable rate plowing. In this study, an electro-hydraulic system using a closed-loop control circuitry and the tractor hydraulic power was utilized to create different roughness by soil hood reposition. The effect of travel speed and soil hood position in creating random roughness (RR) of the resulting soil surface was investigated using a completely randomized design and a 3×4 factorial experiment in 3 replications. The average RR created by the travel speeds of 2.6, 3.5, and 4.8 km/h were 1.32, 1.91, and 2.61 cm, respectively. Similarly, the average of RR created using three soil hood positions of 0, 40, and 80 degrees were 1.43, 1.94, and 2.46 cm, respectively. The analysis of variance showed that the effects of travel speed and soil hood position on random roughness index were significant at the probability level of 1%. Therefore, it can be stated that in the case of real-time control of these two factors and using the RR index as a control feedback signal, a rotary tiller can be implemented to perform variable rate tilling.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of carotenoids according to the reference of the biology textbook to the antioxidant properties and improving the immune system function in the conditions of the COVID-19 epidemic in order to learn about plant physiology and biotechnology in the field. It is practical. Due to the fact that carotenoids are presented in the textbook under the title of colors in plants in the 10 th grade plant seasons, and usually, due to the nature of plant seasons, students have less connection with these topics than other fields of biology. And considering that the biology teacher should make an effort in the field of active and up-to-date education, especially in communicating the subjects with the environment and the daily life of the learners, in this research, it has been tried to connect one of the subjects in the plant field with another. One of the main topics of the day is to examine the epidemic of COVID-19 . The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical, and according to this issue, in this research, the relationship of carotenoids with strengthening the immune system and examples of the antiviral roles of carotenoids have been investigated by referencing 40 articles in Latin in the spring of 2022. Is. The results of this research showed that carotenoids can target the inflammation caused by viral infections, and diets rich in carotenoids may be factors that prevent the progression of the disease.

The prevalence of zoonotic parasitic diseases in large and small ruminants, which provide an acceptable percentage of protein sources of animal origin, is significant. In the meantime, liver parasites have a special place, because they can cause a lot of economic losses and also cause a lot of direct and indirect damages. Parasitic diseases have created many problems for the development of effective vaccines due to different epidemiological and biological characteristics, including the wide spread and diversity of antibodies and having extremely diverse and complex mechanisms against the immune system. These diseases often occur chronically and show no obvious clinical signs, cause less mortality in the herd, and mainly cause significant economic losses over time. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of various parasitic infections in the liver (Hydatid cyst, Cysticercosis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium) and lungs (Hydatid cyst and Strongyloides) of slaughtered animals in industrial slaughterhouses in Qazvin province.

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out in four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in Qazvin province. A total of 95,156 head of livestock, including 54,864 sheep, 22,579 goats and 17,713 cattle, were inspected after slaughter. During this study, the liver and lungs of slaughtered animals were inspected by macroscopic observation.

The pollution rate of liver parasites (Hydatid cyst, Cysticercosis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium) and lung parasites (Hydatid cyst and Strongyloides) in sheep, goat, and cattle were 4.81 percent, 1.92 percent, and 1.93 percent respectively. The sheep with the highest pollution rate, have a significant difference compared to cattle and goats (P<0.05). Also, liver and lung parasites' pollution rate was 6.17 percent in spring, 7.80 percent in summer, 10.77 percent in autumn, and 10.50 percent in winter. Also, liver and lung parasites' pollution rate was 6.17 percent in spring, 7.80 percent in summer, 10.77 percent in autumn, and 10.50 percent in winter. The highest and lowest rate of infection was observed in autumn and spring (P≤0.05). In inspected livers, the highest rate of parasitic infection was related to dicrocoeliasis; it’s prevalence in sheep, goats, and cattle was 6.02 percent, 5.34 percent, and 6.78 percent respectively. Also, in inspected lungs, the most lesions were related to hydatid disease, the prevalence in sheep, goats, and cattle was 0.51 percent, 0.52 percent, and 0.58 percent respectively.

This study shows the prevalence of parasitic diseases in large and small ruminants in this region. Due to these diseases zoonotic nature, the use of appropriate management methods to prevent or control these diseases is crucial.

For centuries, architects have acknowledged the effects of the buildings in which we live, learn, work, and worship. How we feel, how we behave in these spaces, what energizing interactions within our bodies occur in these spaces, and our inspirations from these spaces, are very important today for architects and neuroscientists. The application of neuroscience, psychology, and architecture acquires a new trend called neuroarchitecture. This knowledge focuses on the design of architectural structures, humans, and seeks to design spaces with maximum efficiency and positive effects on space users. In this research, with the approach of neuroscience and with a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods (correlation and laboratory) to the category of how to use architectural elements (such as light, geometry, color, materials, etc.) to evaluate the sense of spirituality in mosques (Dome) is addressed. The important point in this research is the use of neuroscience and laboratory tools in examining the emotions of users in space. The effect of the factors affecting the "feeling of spirituality" in the architectural space due to the changes in human brain signals is a matter between interdisciplinary and completely scientific and laboratory. The main purpose of neuroscience is to extract invisible information from the human brain. Therefore, no questions or questionnaires or interviews are taken from individuals, but information is extracted directly and without any intermediaries.At the beginning of the research by the descriptive method refers to the types of brain signals and brain functions and previous research will be done in the background. in the first phase, by selecting a mosque related to the past (Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque of Isfahan) and a contemporary mosque (Al-Jawad Mosque of Tehran), through expert questionnaire and ANP method and SuperDecision software to determine the order of effective architectural components The perception of spirituality in the interior of these two mosques has been discussed. Then, in the second phase, in order to diagnose the emotions of people in selected mosques, laboratory work was performed by EEG-VR method, which means simultaneous use of electroencephalography and virtual reality devices. The subjects included 24 people (12 men and 12 women). Then, the data obtained from the experiment in MATLAB software were analyzed and  then, for interpretation of information and by inferential statistics, multiple regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis. In the third phase, the results of the first and second phases are merged and discussed. At the end of the study, it was concluded that there is a significant relationship between how to use architectural elements (light, color, materials, geometry, etc.) and promote a sense of spirituality in the interior of mosques and the mosque belongs to the past (Sheikh Lotfollah ) Has a greater sense of spirituality among the subjects than the contemporary mosque (Al-Jawad). It was also found that the use of emerging neuroscience knowledge in architectural research and the use of medical tools such as electroencephalography as well as new virtual reality technology, can be very effective in discovering human emotions and feelings.

The design of mosques in the history of Iranian architecture seems to be the Climax of Islamic art and architecture. The architecture of mosques seeks inspiration of concepts of the divine world in order to create an atmosphere that connect the material world to the immaterial world and creates a single spiritual space. In this study, the effect of factors affecting the perception of spirituality in the interior of Nasir Al-Molk Mosque in Shiraz has been investigated. In this regard, first the parameters that affect the perception of the sense of spirituality are determined and then 120 questionnaires are collected from architecture and urban planning students of Shiraz University, the validity and reliability of which has been confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha. Then, by modeling the structural equations of partial least squares (PLS-SEM), it is analyzed to determine the relationship between the parameters on each other. Factors affecting the perception of spirituality are social, sensory, somatic and environmental factors that the results show that there is a significant difference in the ranking of indicators. In the following, the indicators are arranged based on the degree of impact on the perception of spirituality from rank 1 meaning the most impact to rank 15 meaning the least impact. Findings show that the greatest impact on the perception of spirituality is related to somatic indicators.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which roots dates back at least to a century, is one of the most complicated and controversial international crises that has gripped the Middle East for decades. Many efforts have been made by various individuals, institutions and countries to achieve a comprehensive peace between the parties, but so far no final result has been gained. Given that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is considered to be one of the main drivers of the security threat as well as the rise of terrorism in the Middle East and the world, the research using the neorealist theory as well as descriptive-analytical approach and library resources tries to analyze this long-standing conflict. The study also explores the reasons behind the recent normalization of ties between Israel and a number of Arab states, which is an important turning point in relationship between the parties and has created new conditions in the region as far as the dawn of new Middle East is highlighted. Common security concerns of Israel and some Arab countries along with the promotion of national interests have improved Israeli-Arab relations. This article reflects the different viewpoints on security and also shed light on the role of the United States in the Palestinian/Arab-Israeli conflict.

Some of the significant and irreparable financial losses in hospitals are Insurance deficits which for various reasons are not fully reimbursed by the insurance companies. Therefore, the present study was an attempt to determine the amount and causes of insurance deficits in selected Teaching  and non-Teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in six selected hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. The research population included patients’records during the first six months of 2020 for inpatient and outpatient wards. Reports of deficits for Health Care and Social Security Insurance were collected by referring to the revenue units of the hospitals. The data collection tool was a researcher-made form. The deficit amount of each hospital was collected separately for the type of file and teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using Excel software.

The findings showed that the most deductions applied in inpatient records are related to surgery and hospitalization fees, respectively, and in outpatient documents are related to visits, laboratory services, diagnostic and counseling services.

According to the type and causes of deficits identified based on research findings, policy makers and planners in the field of healthcare system are advised to hold workshops for staff in the process of treating patients with insurance rules, using hospital information systems, using relevant graduates, and analyzing files before sending them to insurance companies in order to prevent insurance deficits.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the supply chain in the transportation of goods by postal companies in critical situations. For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and research background and interviewing experts, 14 resilience indices were extracted and questionnaires were distributed and collected among 98 postal customers. Preliminary data analysis was performed through SPSS software and principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis. After varimax rotation, the variables with eigenvalues greater than one and factor loads greater than 0.55 were identified and explained the highest correlation and variance. Finally, six hidden factors were obtained. Also, in order to obtain the relationship between indicators and factors and the internal relationship between indicators, through MATLAB software, all super matrix calculations, weighted matrices and partial matrices have been performed through the network analysis process method. Finally, the value of the importance of each factor and the importance of the relative coefficient of each index are calculated, in which the insurance of the goods is the most important factor and the timely delivery of the goods is the most important indicator.