محمدرضا موحدی

Although in our ancient terminology, wisdom is divided into two parts, practical and theoretical, and its main purpose is to promote the appropriate moral way and method by relying on intellectual sciences for social and individual life, besides these two, folk wisdom which often shows itself in proverbs, has mysteriously strengthened its position among the strata of different societies. This wisdom, which is accepted by the general public, has a major difference from practical and theoretical wisdom in one aspect, that is, the intellectual dimension. Since the construction and cultivation of folk wisdom is formed in the hearts of the common people of the society, it often does not have a strong intellectual basis. due to its extensive use over time, it has gained the ability to generalize and include. The cases of application of these pearls of wisdom in a comparative study in the two books "Travel of Ibrahim Bey" and "The Story of Haji Babai Isfahani" which are among the first Persian novels, can give us an image of the Iranian's morals so that we can learn more about our strengths and weaknesses.

Akbar Shah, peace of the whole, Faizi Deccani, Faizi's poems, unity of existence. Faizi is one of the great Persian poets of India and the famous poet of the court of Akbar Shah Gorkani in the 10th century Hijri. Belief in total peace and establishing an atmosphere of reconciliation and religious tolerance between the followers of religions and religions is one of the most important beliefs of Akbar Shah. The formation of the theory of "total peace" and the radical reforms of Akbar Shah's period, simultaneously with Faizi's service in the court, can be considered as the basis of the spread of critical and pessimistic opinions towards Faizi. , with the theme of total peace and the vastness of Mashreb, should be examined in the divan of his poems. The result of the research: the view of the unity of existence from which the unity of religions can be deduced, believers and Hindus call God. Faizi believes in this and his poetry is full of themes of existential unity and the sameness of religions. Contrary to the view of those who considered him an atheist and his religion full of blasphemy, he has a deep view of religion and was very familiar with mystical teach.

Historically and politically, France has always been closely related to the issues of the Middle East. With the announcement of America's strategy in this region, a more suitable opportunity was provided for the entry of middle powers to expand its relations, and France is trying to expand its relations in Middle East according to its foreign policy goals. In this research, the question is that how the French arms trade in Middle East affect the security of the Iran? The expansion of France's military and security relations with the Arab countries of Middle East is, on the one hand, to establish a balance of power between the Arab countries and Israel and prevent the tendency to use weapons of mass destruction with the aim of ensuring the security of the parties. On the other hand, it causes the expansion of the arms race in the region, the expansion of the regional gap and tension between the Arab countries and Iran.Referring to the theory of neoclassical realism, this article states that the continuation of the strengthening of relations between the countries of Middle East with France will intensify insecurities which have negative and destructive effects on the security of Iran.

The fused deposition modeling process is an advanced manufacturing technique that builds parts layer_by_layer. Due to the layered construction, printed parts with this process have low surface quality and poor dimensional accuracy. high surface roughness limits the use of these parts in many fields of application such as aerospace and medicine, which require high precision and quality. Laser polishing is an emerging industrial process that can improve surface quality. correct selection of laser parameters greatly reduces the cost and time of surface treatment of additive manufacturing parts. In this research, the effect of 3D printer parameters and surface angle of the produced samples on the surface roughness of the parts was studied separately. The effect of each printing parameters is explained by drawing a thermal map and layering thickness is introduced as the most important parameter affecting the surface roughness. Also, the process of roughness changes is evaluated based on the angle of the printed surface in the form of a diagram. Then, the relationship between printing parameters and the geometric shape of printed parts with selected laser parameters was presented to achieve the best surface quality.

Over the tenth and mid twelfth Century, Persian prose experienced a noticeable transformation toward being degraded and inferior. Meanwhile, AbulFazl Allami, being the first to address the issue, began to reform and change the style of prose. He was aware of the Persian language and works of predecessors and, accordingly, got away from Safavi prose. Precisely, he had shifted to Iraqi style and created an innovative format called AbulFazl’s style". The Current paper aims at investigating Allami’s style and his prominent and frequent features via layered stylistics at five levels comprising; phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and intellectual. Having in mind that possessing a mixture of old and new features is one of the most important Characteristics in Iraqi style, Abulfazl's style is a combination of technical and simple prose, considering the predominance of simple prose. His avoidance in using secretarial tasks and artifices in phonetic and rhetorical levels has made his prose simple, and it is quite noticeable that the only weakness of his composition is the dominance of some grammatical defects in some points of his prose which was related to this period. From the intellectual point of view, the ideology of total peace, as the intellectual color of the correspondence, can be referred to as a decisive aspect to his prose. This intellectual feature, alongside Persianism and lexical combinations, which is the main feature of Allami’s prose, has made his prose unique. Therefore, Abulfazl's style can be characterized as a new thinking style and distinct from the existing style of the era. </em>This article, by presenting the reflection of the Alsat verse in the book Fiehmafieh, by showing some of the key topics associated with this one in the mentioned book, explains the difference in the style of this work with the Masnavi Ma'navi and Diwan Shams.

The main aim of this study was to present valuable information about Najmuddin Razi’s life and works, which could be found in a newly found version of Bahr al-Haqiq's commentary (Version 37 found in Hassan Hassani Pasha Library). In this detailed report, Najm Razi’s first introduction of the masters following his way was presented in the following order: 1) Sheikh Majdaldin Baghdadi; 2) Najmuddin Kobra; 3) Tajuddin Ashnahi; and 4) Shahabuddin Suhrawardi. In the style of the scholars of rijal and hadith, he wrote the types and durations of their companionships, types of permission they received from the mentioned sheikh, their dates of study, and even the reason for their precedence and delay in dhikr, which contained new information about them. He then reported on his long journeys before and after the Mongol invasion. Based on this biography, it turned out that Najm Razi served Suhrawardi from the very first years of Afaqi’s career in 601, used his services several times in different cities, and received several licenses from him. The companionship of the midwife with Tajuddin Oshni in Hamedan, rejection of the idea that he escaped from Rey during the Mongol invasion, etc. were some other aspects addressed in this article. Another finding in this study was the possibility of Najmuddin returning to Iran from Anatolia (after the Mongol settlement) and settling in Khuzestan. It seemed that this version of the commentary, considering the date of its writing, must be a transcript of Najm Dayeh’s first writings. At this stage of writing this commentary, Najmuddin was strongly dependent on al-Kashf and al-Bayan al-Thalabi and quoted many cases by citing their sources from the very beginning of the introduction. The information extracted from this version was analytically compared with other findings obtained from his contemporaries in this regard. 

The revenge religious epic Poem Enteghamieh / Zarirnameh by Taghan Shah Ibn Nizam Qommi Shahroudi is one of the prominent examples of religious epic in Persian literature. It was written in the 9th century AH about Zareer Khozai, Muhammad Hanafiyah, Mosayyeb, Taghan, Omar Bin Ali, Fazl Jafar and other heroes taking revenge on Yazid, Omar Saad, Yaqub Asklani, King of Aleppo and other Yazid supporters. The story of the poem begins with the arrival of the caravan of captives of Karbala to Ashqlan and ends with the rescue of Imam Sajjad (a.s.) and the caravan of Karbala from Yazid's grip and finally with Yazid's death. Examining the syntax of the poem is useful for learning more about the epic language of this poem and other religious poems. By examining the poem syntactically , more linguistic and content layers are obtained from this work. In this research, firstly, we have talked about epic, religious epic, the causes of its emergence, and offering some examples. We have also provided a brief introduction about Ibn Nizam and his poems especially Zarirnameh.Then some grammatical points of this work have been examined by citing evidence from the text. We realized that the archaic style is quite evident in it, and it can be considered one of the prominent religious epics deserving more attention in terms of the texture of the story, the power of the words, the appropriate language, and the grammatical structure.

Nowadays using 3D printing for prototyping is well known in industrial applications and there are efforts to make functional parts with this technology to reach low volume production markets. By using pellets rather than filaments, the limitations caused by lack of variety of materials can be conquered. Also there will be no need to make a massive part as several divided parts and then glue them together.In this article pellets of ABS, that are well known and functional in industry, are analysed for an extruder to investigate the ability of pellet material extruding. Characteristic specifications of extruder such as operating pressure, screw rotational speed and required torque for rotating the screw are achieved for they are important factors to find out the mechanism for experimental tests and selecting suitable operating parts such as motor and gearbox. At the end, the experimental tests on designed system are done and the result approved the trends of theoretical data.

The article is a critique of the book "Dictionary of Sufism and Mysticism" by Dr. Mohammad Estelami, which has been prepared in two volumes. After expressing the good aspects of the book, some of the formal and content weaknesses of the book have been enumerated. Some of the most important weaknesses are: not mentioning the names of many earlier and later works in the research background of this work. It was necessary to provide a relatively comprehensive definition of the idiomatic meaning of the words; for example, in this dictionary, the word "water" or "dream" is considered a mystical term, although the author in the entry "water" in eight lines only says the same thing: water alone does not have a Sufi and mystical meaning. The choice of entries has an unfavorable preference for terms or concepts. Also, many mystical interpretations have been explained mainly based on the views of Rumi and Hafez Shirazi. In this critique, we have tried from three axes: the style and arrangement of the book; content and explanatory contents, and the type of sources and their learning should be seen in the present dictionary.

The Prophet is the truth and following him awakens human beings and achieves human perfection. Such interpretations in Rumi's poems have shown him to be the end of creation and the manifestation of the perfect man. Rumi's school and way of life will never find meaning without love, and this love must be accompanied by the love of the Prophet. This love is a continuation of divine love and mysticism, and the goal of Rumi lies in this point.. Rumi considers the attainment of perfection and knowledge as well as happiness in following the Prophet and continuing his path. It should be noted that the image of this divine figure in Rumi's poems is completed with his miracles according to Quranic verses. Among the hospitality, nearness to the truth, intercession of God and God's creation, guidance of the Prophet are some of the things that have appeared in the light of Quranic interpretations in Rumi's poems. According to Rumi, it is not enough to accept the divine verses, including the verses related to the Prophet , but in the light of these verses and divine knowledge, one must believe in the miracles of the prophets, including the miracles of the Holy Prophet . It should be noted that the character of Prophet Mohammad is the beacon of the mystic and his miracles are like a stronghold that protects the mystic from danger.

Nowadays using 3D printing for prototyping is well known in industrial applications and there are efforts to make functional parts with this technology to reach low volume production markets. By using pellets rather than filaments, the limitations caused by lack of variety of materials can be conquered. Also there will be no need to make a massive part as several divided parts and then glue them together. In this article pellets of ABS, that are well known and functional in industry, are analysed for an extruder to investigate the ability of pellet material extruding. Characteristic specifications of extruder such as operating pressure, screw rotational speed and required torque for rotating the screw are achieved for they are important factors to find out the mechanism for experimental tests and selecting suitable operating parts such as motor and gearbox.

In the present article, we have investigated and analyzed motivations and reasons for satirical speech and humorous behavior of Abu Said Abul-Khayr, a prominent mystical figure; and by using the method of content analysis, we have studied the effect of his moral and mystical characteristics on his satirical speech and humorous behavior. The main aspect of Abu Said's humorous personality is his improvisation and his dominance over verbal games. The findings of the research show that the most important aspects of Abu Said's satires can be analyzed in thirteen categories. The three cases of 1. improvisation and dominance over verbal games, 2. humor of the situation or practical teaching of mysticism based on humor 3. avoiding selfishness and egoism, constitute more than 60% of his satirical motives. The topics discussed in this research are as follows: Abu Said's inherent sense of humor; the issue of people liking him because of his humor; humor as a marker of his mystical, moral, and social characteristics.

An important and valuable Tazkira is "Thamarat al -Quds men Shajarat al-uns" written by Mirza Lal Baig Lali Badakhshi. (1022-968).In this tazkira, the name of a total of 594 famous mystics who were effective in the Indian subcontinent are listed.He completed the information in "Nafahat al-uns min hadarat al-quds" Jami's book, and this book fills the lack of information on mystics after Jami's period. The author of this tazkira has used many sources and famous and not famous tazkira to write the book and for this reason, this tazkira is one of the richest books that contains the biographies of Muslim mystics during the period of Timurid Government in India.In this period according to the peak of the flourishing of Persian literature and the strong connection of Indian Muslim mystics with the Persian language, transferring and recording the poems and mentioning the works of these mystics in such a book, has preserved and recorded a part of the history of Persian literature that had been neglected. This article wants to answer these questions:  how the Persian language is reflected in this book and to answer the question, what are the characteristics of Samrat al-Quds's prose? What are the historical-literary values in the book "Thamarat al-Quds"? What are the names of the works that appear in "Thamarat al -Quds men Shajarat al-uns"? IntroductionThis book is a description of the lives and works of nearly six hundred Muslim mystics who lived in the Indian subcontinent. Both those who lived there and those who spent part of their lives there. This book is the final part of a book written a century ago by Abd al-Rahman Jami (817-897 AH) in "Nafahat al-uns min hadarat al-quds". The author of this book is Mirza Lal Beg, Lali Badakhshi.The proofreader of this version is Seyed Kamal Haj Seyed Javadi, who introduced it in two full introductions.He has made references to Islamic mysticism in that country, and at the same time, he has introduced Sufism dynasties in the sub-continent, and about the introduction of the dynasties of"Suhrvardiyyah","Chishtiyyah","Qadiriyyah","Naqshbandiyyah",  and "Kubruyyah". ,"Noorbakhshiyeh", "Nemat Allahyeh" and... have brought appropriate materials and also pointed to the prosperity of Sufism in the subcontinent. Material & Methods     Because this tazkira is one of the richest books that includes the biographies of Muslim mystics during the Timurid rule of India and also contains important information about the spread of Islamic mysticism during the glorious era of Akbar Shah and his son Jahangir Shah, considering the peak of Persian literary prosperity In this period and the connection of Indian Muslim mystics with the Persian language, this article wants to explain how the Persian language is reflected in this book and answer the question, what are the characteristics of the prose of "Thamarat al -Quds men Shajarat al-uns"? And what are the historical-literary values in this book? What are the names of the works that appear in Al-Thamrat al-Quds? Discussion of Results & Conclusions     Preliminary studies showed that because the author of this tazkira, namely Mirza Lal Bey, Lali Badakhshi, has made many trips to different lands, he has seen and used many old sources and famous and not famous tazkira in his time. This tazkira is one of the richest books that contains the biographies of Muslim mystics during the period of Timurid rule in India. The studies showed that due to the author's access to the quotes and information from some tazkira books and letters and the inclusion of many names, his book is very rich. Examining the names and signs of some of these books gives the reader the confidence that Samrat al-Quds by Lali Badakhshi is a kind of collection of all the sayings and circumstances that have been written about the mystics of the Indian subcontinent until the time of this author. The investigations showed that the author's information about the prevalence of various mysticisms during the glorious era of Akbar Shah and his son Jahangir Shah has provided the riches of Persian literature. The research showed that the author of this book was able to reflect an important part of the peak of the flourishing of Persian literature in this period, and through the inclusion of poems, he was able to represent the strong connection between Indian Muslim mystics and the Persian language. By quoting poems and mentioning the works of Muslim mystics in such a work, the author has kept a neglected part of the history of Persian literature from being lost.

Rumi in Masnavi introduces us to the esoteric behavior and personality of the Messenger of God. With the poetry of Rumi; While understanding the Qur'anic teachings more, from the modeling position of the divine prophets (especially the Holy Prophet), a poet can always be a model and apply them in material and spiritual life. This article, by studying Rumi's poems and comparing it with Quranic interpretations, while recognizing the personality of the Prophet (PBUH) in the way presented in Masnavi, by referring to Quranic verses and interpretations below the Quranic evidence, similarities and differences in the image of the Prophet (PBUH) in the Qur'an and Masnavi. For this important, he extracted three components of the relationship between the Messenger of God, the relationship of the Prophet with the people and the Prophet in the position of lover and beloved from Masnavi based on the book Sea to Sea by Allameh Jafari, and compared each of these dimensions in Masnavi and Quranic interpretations. Is. The method of the present research is based on the theoretical and analytical library method and has been extracted using first-hand sources (books, dissertations, articles, etc.) and using phishing. Findings of this research: In the Qur'an, the relationship of the Prophet with the people is perceived based on the will, guardianship of the people and the intercession of the Prophet, and the relationship of the Messenger of God with God is based on worship, servitude, obedience and infallibility of the Prophet; But in Masnavi.

Up to now, many descriptions have been written on Rumi's Masnavi, one of which is the "Comprehensive Description of the Masnavi Manavi". This description is of interest to researchers in the field of Rumi due to its comprehensiveness and the relative needlessness for the audience to refer to other descriptions written on Masnavi. Despite the great efforts of Professor Karim Zamani in compiling the writings of other commentators and the explanation of some verses, there are some shortcomings in this description. The authors of this research, with full respect to Professor Karim Zamani, intend to critique and review the first book of the "Comprehensive Description of the Masnavi Manavi" by relying on the situational context of the verses and the signs of the text. Certainly, the critique of all the verses of this book is beyond the capacity of this research; Therefore, in this study, by categorizing the reasons for the deficiencies in the first book of this description and giving one or more related examples, an attempt will be made to provide a brief picture of the linguistic and rhetorical shortcomings of this description. Through reviewing the first book of this description, we found that due to such things as: ignoring the thematic context, being satisfied with the external meaning and not mentioning the esoteric and mystical meaning of the verses, incorrect reading of the verses, irrelevant explanations in the Brackets with the main purpose of the verse, ignoring the shift of the speaker and the addressee of the verses, ignoring the run-on-lines, etc., the meaning of some verses of Masnavi is contrary to the main intention and meaning intended by Rumi, and there is still a lack of proper description of the Masnavi Manavi.

Kāshifī is one of the authors who is quite fair in his works and usually introduces the sources in creating his works. He even shows the beginning and end of the passages he quotes from the works of others. This procedure is considered an important advantage at his time when his contemporaries were less committed to it. His belief in the rapprochement of religions, and the avoidance of divisiveness that has led to all sorts of accusations against him today, has also led to some hasty Judgments.
Judgment on the Rowḍat al-Shuhadā of Kāshifī, based on what he quotes from others (citing sources), cannot be expressed by the expressions such as lies and forgery. It is quite obvious that he has quoted his claim from the book Noor al-‘Aimah, and he was not the fabricator of this story of, for instance, Z’afar Jinnī. In this article, some scholars' views concerning the authenticity or fabrication of the contents of the book Rowḍat al-Shuhadā have been narrated.

France has historically and politically been closely linked to the issues of Southwest Asia. By announcing the US strategy towards the region, France provided a good opportunity as one of the middle powers to expand its relations, and the country is trying to expand its relations in Southwest Asia in line with the major foreign policy goals. The aim is to examine France's political, economic and military relations with the Arab countries, especially the countries bordering the Persian Gulf, which will lead to the expansion of the arms race in the region and, consequently, regional divisions and tensions between the Arab countries and the Islamic Republic of Iran. . In this article, the author states that the continuation of the current situation and the continuation of tensions between the Arab countries and Iran and the strengthening of relations between the Arab governments and France in the long run will increase Iran's passivity and isolation and strengthen security threats in various dimensions. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the required information and data have been prepared based on the library method and filing.

Among Western Quran scholars who have viewed Islamic texts, especially the Qur'an, with fairness, Christine Sands, in her book “Sufi Interpretations of the Qur'an” from the Fourth to the Ninth Century, first examines the hermeneutical presuppositions of Sufism and then makes an analytical comparison between the methods. The mystics of the commentator follow the story of Moses and Khidr, the story of Mary and the verse of light.In reviewing this book, after looking at the advantages and positive aspects of the work, some of the content weaknesses of this research that the author has noticed have been addressed. A significant part of the taste-interpretive points in this book is based on the materials that have been quoted from Abdul Razzaq Kashani and the interpretive parts of Gharaib Al-Quran Nizamuddin Araj Neyshabouri and then Ala Al-Dawlah Semnani. Most of the interpretive issues in Gharaib al-Quran are taken from "Najmiyya interpretations". Paying attention to this point could change the order of the topics and the final evaluation of the author. Also, some cases of weakness in the translation of the work have been noticed, which has led to the confusion of the Persian text. The evidence presented for these weaknesses was not a case of differences of taste in translation.

Many of the Qur'anic themes that have found their way into Persian poetry do not only include the translation of Qur'anic words and appearances. Mystical poets have usually included interpretive and sometimes interpretive interpretations of poetry.The divine address of "Fakhle Nalik" to Prophet Moses (AS) in Surah Taha is one of the interpretations that has attracted the attention of many poets of the Tariqah. Like mystical commentators, they have completely mystical interpretations of this verse and with different interpretations, have reflected the same ideas in a more profound and effective way.In this article, after briefly outlining the story of the meeting and conversation of Moses (pbuh) with God in the safe valley and mentioning the background of this story, the validity of interpreting such phrases has been examined from the point of view of Imam Mohammad Al-Ghazali. And Rumi, his poetic findings are compared with the interpretive thoughts of Abu Abdul Rahman Salmi. In the other part of this article, the reader can observe some of the thematic findings of Parsigo poets from this Qur'anic interpretation and at the end, study the special interpretation that Mulla Sadra Shirazi has presented in one of his Masnavi from "Khala Nalin".

Naziri Neyshabouri, a famous poet of the 10th-11th centuries AH, despite living in his homeland, Neyshabur, and during his migration to India, among Sunni Muslims, and respected the beliefs of his Muslim brothers, but always adhered to his Shiite beliefs. He was steadfast and the Manqabat of the Holy Prophet and his family were one of them. Naziri, in addition to many poems and passages in explaining his belief, has composed a composition in twelve verses (a verse containing twelve verses), which can be considered as a concise review of the history of Shiism. In this verse, he clings to the concept of guardianship, which has a completely mystical meaning, and that guardianship, which includes prophecy and arises from innate love. In this article, after an introduction about educational literature and peer services to Shiite poetry, a substantive report of this clause is presented and some of the themes in the composition of the clause are reviewed. Then, with reference to each of the paragraphs, an explanation and analysis is provided about each paragraph, and then a content critique of some of the teachings in the composition of the paragraph is presented. Despite Neyshabouri's unique reputation in Iran and two research publications of his poetry collection, no one has yet studied this composition in detail.

Milling process of the thin-walled structures has broad applications in aerospace, automotive industries and etc. One of the main problems in their machining is unstable chatter vibrations, which causes not only the poor machined surface quality but also decreases the system life span and machining efficiency. So, lots of researchers are interested in investigating the dynamic behavior of the thin-walled structures during the machining processes and restrain its pernicious effects. In this regard, the main purpose of this paper is to l the effects of geometrical parameters of machining system including workpiece height, thickness, and tool overhang and its diameter on the chatter stability. To this end, first by utilizing relative transfer function concept, dynamic models of tool and workpiece were derived. Then experimental tests conducted to extract cutting force coefficients. Finally, stability lobe diagrams were constructed under impression of tool and workpiece dimensions. Results proved that by increasing tool overhang length, chatter stability decreases.