فهرست مطالب محمدرضا پورمحمدی

In this research, an attempt has been made to provide futuristic strategies in urban water supply and management by estimating the population, consumption of citizens in region 5 and identifying the influencing factors on urban water supply and management, and to find the best futuristic strategy. It was used for short-term use in the 5th area of Tabriz.In this research, the population was predicted using the People software, and then each component was weighted using the Ahp model, and the best strategy was selected using the ExpertChoice software.Among the strategies (strategies to reduce water wastage, intelligentization of water infrastructure, education and information, incentive and punishment policies, increasing water knowledge, economical technologies and modern water resources) presented in order to improve conditions, the strategy of intelligentization of water infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.310 The title of the most optimal strategy has been introduced.Traditional and old strategies of urban water supply and management mechanisms will not be responsible for future cities and their population growth; Therefore, in order to improve its fields, forward-looking strategies have been presented and actions should be taken to change the ineffective traditional organizations. In this article, an attempt has been made to choose the most optimal strategy for the 5th region of Tabriz by presenting several active and passive strategies in the field of supply and management and identifying the major influencing factors in the water supply process of Tabriz city.

Today, cities are considered one of the most important centers in the consumption of resources and energy and the producer of air pollutants, especially greenhouse gases, due to their population density and all kinds of social and economic activities, so that cities around the world consume about three-quarters of the natural resources needed by the world.Energy is a vital resource needed in industrial and agricultural production, transportation, human quality of life, etc.In recent decades, environmental challenges and problemsaboutenergy have become one of human concerns.Due to human activities such as: Fossil fuelconsumption, deforestation and environmental degradation, greenhouse gas volumes in the atmosphere have increased, and global temperatures have increased day by day. Among greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide accounts for about 60 percent of all greenhouse gases and has the greatest impact on global warming. 81% of all greenhouse gases are also obtained from fossil fuel consumption, which increases carbon dioxide emissions and other pollutants, including suspended particles, and ultimately leads to climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels in various forms of Road Transport include: cars, trucks, motorcycles and buses. 60% of the traffic is caused by "cars, motorcycles and buses" and the remaining 40% of the road transport is "trucks". According to the World Bank, in 2020 between Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia became one of the largest carbon emitters in the Asia-Pacific region with 590 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions, ranking second in Malaysia.In this regard, to determine the extent of the impacts on the environment, the most important and comprehensive quantitative indicator presented among the indicators of Sustainable Development Evaluation in this field are the indicators of "ecological footprint and carbon footprint", developed two decades ago by William Rees and Dr. Mattis walkernagel. Currently, Iran's ecological footprint is 22/3, and while the biological capacity is 74/0, we are facing an ecological deficit equivalent to 48/2, which shows the deterioration of the environmental situation and theexcessiveexploitation of Natural Resources and the pressure on the environment. Iran is also the sixth largest greenhouse gasproducer in the world, relying on non-renewable sources for energy consumption, which has led toincreased emissions and bio-deficits. Forests are important in keeping carbon outside its natural cycle for a long time. So the best way to stop the increase in carbon can be to create the right forests, because on a global scale, forests are the largest carbon dioxide absorber on the rise. Numerous internal and external research has been conducted on ecological footprints, which, according to the results obtained from them, have mostly faced a lack of green space compared to this type of gas . today, cities are exposed to a variety ofenvironmental pollution such as soil, air, water, etc. due to the increase in population, and have put more pressure on life support systems than their capacity. One of the most important of these pollutants is the pollution caused by fossil fuels, which are mostly consumed in transportation or in factories. Due to theincrease in the use of fossil fuels in cities, the volume of carbon dioxide gas, one of the most importantgreenhouse gases, has increased, negatively changing the climate of cities or the climate of the country in general. One of the most fundamental ways to sustain the urban environment and deal with the pollution crisis is to protect and develop urban green spaces. Because the ecological footprint of carbon dioxide gas is a part of the forest that is needed to stop this type of gas emitted from fossil fuel. Bostanabad is a city in the East Azerbaijan province, located 45 kilometers east of Tabriz on the transit route of Tabriz-Mia and Tabriz-Sarab and Ardabil، In recent years, this has led to trucking and transportation services being ranked among the most deliberate businesses in the city. It is located between Tabriz and middle cities and is geographically located between 46 degrees 30 minutes and 47 degrees 14 minutes east longitude and 37 degrees 32 minutes and 38 degrees 4 minutes north latitude. The area of the city is 997/2794 square kilometers, which accounts for 6/4 percent compared to the total area of the province. The city today consists of four historical neighborhoods called skikand, bostanabad Aliya and bostanabad sefli and Kara-Kure, each of which was an independent village in the not-so-distant past. Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere are the most important causes of this type of challenge. But the most important source of gas emissions is fossil fuels like gasoline, diesel and oil, which are used to generate energy in urban areas. This research is applied and analytical in nature. The current research statistical community is the entire city of bostanabad. The study used written documents and statistical data taken from the Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province and the energy petroleum products statistics of the entire country for the year 1399-1398. Taking into account the importance of the subject in this study, we have tried to evaluate the volume of carbon dioxide gas by using the IPPC method first. So first, the annual fuel consumption and the amount of dioxide gas produced, and then the ecological footprint of this type of gas is calculated. So that a good estimate of the amount of carbon dioxide gas produced from the fossil fuels of the city of bostanabad and the ecological footprint resulting from it is done. The results of the evaluation and calculation indicate that since the city is located on the transit road and has a high traffic rate, and also given that in recent years, driving jobs, especially heavy cars, have increased in the city, as a result, a significant part of the fuel consumption of cars and trucks is carried out in the city, which has increased the amount of ecological footprint and pollution caused by transportation. In other words, during the day, the number of passengers to this area, whether in terms of work, education, circulation, etc., has increased the fuel consumption of gas stations in the city, which is impossible to assess. Therefore, the study was conducted using statistics and authoritative documents related to the city of bostanabad and related computational methods, during which it was concluded that the ecological footprint of CO2 gas produced from fossil fuels especially gas oil(diesel), has been increasing over the years. That is, the use of fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel in the city of bostanabad has increased due to the location of the city on the transit route, especially during the years 1399-1398, and the volume of carbon dioxide emitted from gasoline and diesel fuels in 1398 was equivalent to 1434181 and 3672921 tons respectively, and in 1399 it was equal to 1137533 and 4248367 tons. Also, during the results the ecological footprint of this type of fuel during the years mentioned was 5331 and 7/5534 hectares, respectively. However, the area of green space in the city was about 20/67 hectares in 1398 according to the Statistical Yearbook and 1096 hectares in 1399. In addition, the per capita biological footprint of fossil fuel consumption for each citizen of the city of bostanabad in the years 1399-1398 was equal to 92 and 89 square meters of green space respectively. And this is despite the fact that the green space of the city of bostanabad in 1398 was about 20/68 hectares and per capita of each citizen 61/6 square meters(Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province, 1398). Also in 1399, the green space of the city studied was 180 hectares and per capita each citizen was 14/17 square meters(Statistical Yearbook of the East Azerbaijan province, 1399). Taking into account the calculations made in this regard, if we base the year 1399. In addition, the per capita biological footprint of fossil fuel consumption for each citizen of the city of bostanabad in the years 1399-1398 was equal to 92 and 89 square meters of green space respectively. And this is despite the fact that the green space of the city of bostanabad in 1398 was about 20/68 hectares and per capita each citizen was 61/6 square meters. Also in 1399, the green space of the city studied was 180 hectares and per capita each citizen was 14/17 square meters. Taking into account the calculations made in this regard, if we base the year 1399, in addition to the available green space, each citizen of the city of bostanabad has 29.61 square meters of additional green space to absorb the effects of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas. To deal with such a crisis, the municipality is obliged to provide control solutions in the field, to deal with the environmental crisis, to develop and protect the green space of the city, which in the end, according to the results of the calculations, the amount of ecological footprint of the city was greater than its biological capacity, and to prevent and reduce this, the municipality of bostanabad should focus more on implementing appropriate policy for the development and protection of urban green space.

In the era of climate change, ensuring food security through the utilization of agricultural lands in and around cities is paramount. These lands are threatened by urban expansion, and their preservation requires the support of urban planners. This research examines the issue of repurposing urban agricultural land for other urban uses from a social practice perspective rather than a physical or legal one. The article explores why and how changes in agricultural land use occur and the potential for intervention, guidance, and management of this process from a social practice standpoint. The case study focuses on agricultural lands in the west of Tabriz city over more than 50 years, from the approval of the first urban plan to the present. The study employs historical reconstruction for analysis. “Sayings” are analyzed using texts from urban development plans, while “doings” are derived from maps of the current situation from different years and interviews with long-time neighborhood residents. The findings indicate that changes in the three sources of meanings, materials, and competence have altered social practices in different periods during this period. If this continues, it could lead to changes in land use methods. Also, multiple meanings and corresponding materials and competence coexisted during each period, weakening or strengthening the dominant social practice. Throughout the period, the differing perspectives of urban management, landowners, and citizens have influenced the process of social practice.

The present study aims to combine physical, socioeconomic, and traffic criteria to evaluate and analyze the traffic congestion potential of Urmia city. This study is applied and descriptive-analytical, where the required data were collected through library and field studies. To achieve the research goal, 25 indices classified under three physical, socioeconomic, and traffic criteria were selected, and their importance coefficients were calculated using the BWM approach. The BWM questionnaires were distributed among 50 elites in two steps as select the best and worst indices and complete the paired comparison questionnaire to determine the priority of the best index over other indices and the priority of other indices over the worst index). The outputs of the questionnaires were entered into the GAMS software to calculate the indices’ importance coefficients. The “distance from urban cores” and “average land price” indices obtained the highest and lowest weights, respectively. To show the traffic congestion potential of the five districts of Urmia city, the SECA model was implemented in Lingo software with different values of β. The findings divide Urmia city into 5 zones in terms of traffic congestion as very low traffic congestion (13%), low traffic congestion (32%), moderate traffic congestion (21%), high traffic congestion (21%), and very high traffic congestion (15%). The results indicate that District 4 has the highest traffic congestion potential, followed by Districts 5, 1, 3, and 2, respectively

Problem Design: In urban areas, the concept of green infrastructure has been highlighted as a means to improve the quality of life and well-being of residents. Green infrastructure refers to a network of interconnected green spaces that provide multiple ecosystem services. By integrating green infrastructure in urban planning, cities can reduce the adverse effects of urbanization and at the same time improve the livability and sustainability of the urban environment. To achieve sustainable development through green spaces, it is necessary to prioritize them in urban planning processes. The Aim of the Research: To consider the fair distribution of green spaces, ensure access for all members of society, and design multi-purpose spaces that meet different needs. In addition, sustainable management practices, such as water conservation, use of native plant species, and community involvement, are critical for the long-term preservation of green spaces.

In terms of methodology, it is descriptive-analytical with practical purposes, the research method is in the form of preparing a questionnaire and data extracted from Geographic Information System (GIS) software and using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) done.

Based on the analysis of 4 main criteria and 9 effective sub-criteria, the results show the importance of the options of increasing social interactions, reducing environmental pollution, and education and training of the body and mind along with increasing density, respectively, with scores of 0.173, 0.161 and 0.139, according to the selection priority, and based on them, plans have been proposed to improve green spaces in the 10th area of Tabriz metropolis.

The right to the city is a human right that includes the city belonging to all citizens and their participation in urban affairs. The right to a city is to ensure equal opportunities and the proper distribution of services and facilities that can play an effective two-way relationship with good urban governance.The present study was applied in terms of type of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and library and field methods were used to collect data. The statistical population consists of citizens living in the metropolis of Tabriz, which according to the census of the Statistics Center in 2016 had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households, which using the Cochran's formula, 337 citizens were selected as a sample. In the selection of citizens, people over 20 years of age were interviewed and cluster sampling method was used for sampling in ten metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, mean, Kruskal-Wallis, geographical weight regression and path analysis. Indicators of the right to city theory at the level of Tabriz metropolis have various effects on the realization of good urban governance from the perspective of citizens. Thus, the indicators of acceptance of urban differences and contradictions with a value of 0.242 and freedom of activity in urban space with a value of 0.145 have had the greatest impact on the realization of good urban governance in the metropolis of Tabriz.

Cities have always drawn their growth and development from the thoughts and ideas of their initial designers and urban planners who have undoubtedly tailored the city's construction pattern to suit the environmental geography. Kermanshah is no exception to this environmental geography and has its own model of environmental defense. As the largest city in western Iran, Kermanshah is considered the uncontested city of the region due to its unique location and extensive sphere of influence. Kermanshah has been an important center of trade and an urban hub for many centuries, and today it ranks ninth in terms of urban population in the country. Kermanshah's role as a strong defensive fortress in the west of the country has made it the focus of governments in different eras. This underscores the importance of the physical-spatial development of Kermanshah as a result of defense factors in various historical periods. In this article, the Shannon entropy model is used to examine the development process. The results show circular development of the city until 1951, and linear growth from Sarab Taq Bostan in the north to Sarab Qanbar in the south until 1971. From this date onwards, the city has seen physical growth in the western and eastern areas, with the construction of industrial zones and residential areas in these regions, aimed at development plans and urban development. Moreover, practical challenges in some areas have affected urban development, with the political-military factors playing an exceptional role in the physical-spatial development of Kermanshah's metropolis.

The Islamic city is an idea that has raised many questions about its nature and characteristics. In this regard, various scientific systems have approached it from different angles and tried to explain it. However, a critical review of the relevant literature reveals a high volume of misinterpretations and confusions about this idea and its related concepts, topics, and goals. Accepting the fact that the existence of mosques, domes and minarets in the context of a city can not mean that the city is Islamic, makes it clear that it must be in other elements and components and we should look for signs of Muslim life and patterns of an Islamic city not only in the body, but also the spirit and identity of cities. In the present study, the drivers of the Islamic city were extracted (qualitative part of the research) by studying valid jurisprudential sources (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah), and then the quality of their realization in the metropolis of Tabriz was measured. The results obtained from the qualitative part of the research place the drivers of the Islamic city in three categories: monotheism and unity, justice and security. The results of statistical analysis show that Islamic manifestations and the realization of its principles in the city of Tabriz is not prosperous and requires planning to improve the quality of realization of these indicators

Local planning of rural settlements is an inevitable issue and requires foresight and the development of appropriate development policies in this area. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and data collection is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of data is mixed and in terms of time is futuristic. The sample size of the present study consists of 30 panels of respondents. MICMAC method has been used for futurism and processing of interaction matrices. Local development plans, include "rural guide plans, rural areas reorganization plan, scattered village integration plan, improvement plan, reorganization plan and protection of valuable villages, development plan and Rural development is a plan for the sustainable development of rural systems and a program for the economic development and job creation of rural areas. Due to the importance of local development projects in the geographical space of rural settlements in East Azerbaijan province have been more or less effective, which include the scope of research. 22 influential variables and finally 7 key drivers: "Creating a single and clear management system for the villages, Local potential in planning, sectoral and local plans, stakeholder participation, resource self-sufficiency in a system, the role of middle cities in local rural development and finally the appropriate implementation model" in local planning of rural settlements were identified. "Creating a single and clear management system for the villages" is in the first place of direct and indirect impact and is of great importance.

Since the beginning of human being creation and beginning to live in this world, man has faced the threat of terrorism and has always tried to balance security threats and human needs. In this context, passive defense is one of the most effective and lasting means of defending against threats from a long history of human. One of the solutions has proposed to reduce injuries in the threat situations is the use of open spaces . Therefore, the purpose of the research is to evaluate urban open spaces and its role in reducing vulnerability during crisis with the passive defense approach in Tabriz . The present research is descriptive-analytical and with applied approach. Sampling were selected from 100 residents of Tabriz decuple regions from questioning surveys. The data were analyzed using ARC GIS software and multi-criteria decision making methods, MCDM and fuzzy analysis. The results showed that among the weight of sub-criteria, outdoor space has the highest weight with 0.621 value and the lowest weight was assigned to the sub-criterion of relative self-sufficiency 0.023 and according to the final map of fuzzy overly map, the area of open space in reducing the vulnerability of 10 regions was 4253469 m2 with the lowest area 5.55 percent and highest area 19.39% Equal to 14849144 m2 and has the most favorable open spaces in decreasing vulnerability, and in the among of 10 regions of Tabriz, region of 5,6,7, and 9 have an important role in decreasing of vulnerability and region of 1,2,4, 8,9 and 10 have the less effect in decreasing vulnerability.

By entering the 21st century and the rapid process of globalization and changing the role of cities and turning them into centers for attracting capital, goods, information, knowledge, and innovation, we are witnessing the increasing participation of cities in the global economy. An economy that changed from traditional in the last two to three decades today is based on knowledge. Following these changes, the cities of the future must become innovative and competitive to compete, maintain and improve their position in the global arena and respond to the diverse needs of customers. In this regard, when the competition among cities was raised, the urban planning and management system to compete in the international arena and gain this competitive advantage, by changing its attitude from environmental resources to human resources, trying to preserve its limited natural resources and potentials. To base the development of the city on the resources and potentials that are produced and reproduced. Because these resources and forces are human potentials and creative and innovative forces, they seek to upgrade their infrastructure to encourage innovation and include different national, regional, technological, and sector levels. Given that national economic performance is strongly linked to regional economic performance, a regional approach is the most appropriate method to formulate and implement national innovation systems.On the other hand, due to the need for the necessary infrastructure to create innovation in the cities of developing countries, including Iran, and the uncertainty caused by the environmental complexity, the future forecast for the development of innovation has become difficult, so that with the increase of changes and transformations, reliance on planning methods Based on forecasting, it does not meet the needs of the macro management of the country, and the heavy shadow of uncertainties and the emergence of discontinuous and surprising events changed the situation in such a way that predicting the future seems difficult for planners. For this reason, researchers take advantage of the capabilities of the emerging knowledge of futurism and introduce foresight into the planning and forecasting activities, one of which is scenario planning, and its purpose is to expand thinking about the future and widen the range of alternatives. which can be desired, in this regard, the metropolis of Tabriz has advantages such as a dense industrial economic environment as one of the main industrial hubs of the country, the existence of various industrial support institutions, a significant concentration of higher education centers and research centers such as Tabriz University, parks Science and growth centers, strong communication network and ease of communication with other places and markets inside and outside the border have been chosen to plan the development of regional innovation in the metropolis of Tabriz based on the future research approach.

Double-click for synonyms and definitions (all sites) ✕ Copy text Current research is applied in terms of purpose and narrative analysis in terms of nature. To gather the required information, two library and field methods were employed. In the library method, using the environmental scanning method, the theoretical foundations, background of the subject, and the collection of effective dimensions and indicators in the field of regional innovation were investigated, and in the field method, the required information was completed in several stages by using semi-structured questionnaires. The statistical population of the research also includes 32 qualified people in the industry, university, and government sectors, who were selected by purposeful sampling. To analyze the data, Mic Mac, Scenario Wizard and SWAT software were used, along with the inductive method.

In this research, to obtain the key factors affecting regional innovation in the metropolis of Tabriz, the Delphi method and environmental survey have been used, and finally, 71 variables have been collected in 5 dimensions; After identifying the required variables and extracting the key factors, Mic Mac software was used. The results of Mic Mac software show that among the 71 factors affecting regional innovation in the Tabriz metropolis, 13 factors including the appropriate culture of productivity, Laws, and regulations, the existence of a teamwork culture between activists and established industrial units, information and communication technology infrastructure, sufficient funding for university research infrastructure, higher education, patent programs, higher education policy, performance evaluation and reward system, financial support, tax system Special and flexible for research and development, the existence of joint research centers between university and industry and the level of interaction and cooperation between university and industry play a key role and each of them somehow causes or accelerates the innovation process of the region at the level of Tabriz metropolis. In this regard, possible scenarios have been designed for each of the key factors, and these scenarios have been analyzed after scoring by Delphi panel experts using the Scenario Wizard software; The results of the analysis of the scenario wizard software show that 3 strong scenarios, 12 believable scenarios, and 8462 weak scenarios are facing regional innovation in Tabriz metropolis.

The results of the research show that among the three strong, weak, and believable scenarios, the believable scenario was chosen as the basis of analysis because it was intermediate between the other two scenarios and had the necessary favorability. Interest induction was said to be and the results of the inductive method include three categories: gold scenario, alert scenario, and disaster scenario. Finally, the validity of the scenarios was used to determine the level of implementation of the golden scenarios, disasters and warnings. According to the opinions of the experts, reaching the disaster scenario seems very pessimistic due to the critical conditions in all factors, and the warning scenario does not follow the continuation of the existing situation and the lack of change in the conditions and the improvement of regional innovation. For this reason, the opinions of the experts indicate their consensus on the golden scenarios, which are based on favorable situations in both environmental and organizational dimensions. Because by implementing this scenario and focusing on each of the key drivers, we will see an increase in the level of regional innovation over the given horizon.

In modern approaches to city, township, as a strategic method in the field of thinking, planning and implementation of urban plans has been raised. This approach to the creative entry of citizens into different areas of encounter with city-related issues in order to realize the components of thinking of the right to the city (urban governance, social inclusion, cultural diversity in the city and social freedoms and rightsAccess to urban services for all residents of the city. There is a strong link between space and creativity. Creative people need space for life, work, inspiration, and display of their work. By creating stable and reliable spaces for artists, creative people and creative people. Do not have to move and migrate, which can be a threat to the survival of creativity and innovation. Therefore, provision of stable spaces for these people is essential. In this regard, public spaces can play a very important role. Additionally, by acknowledging this diversity and difference in the quality and design of public spaces, the purpose of this article is to explain the patterns of city formation and provide a model for assessing the creativity of the public spaces of the city. The present paper is a fundamental-theoretical research that studies various patterns using library studies and text readings, and evaluates models for assessing the quality and integrity of urban public spaces, and then presents a new model. First research output, expression The patterns of the formation of the city are creative and a new model is proposed to explore the creativity of the city's public spaces (second output), which consists of eight criteria (governance, religious beliefs, intellectual thinking, physical component, perceptual, visual, functional performance). Given the above criteria, creativity of public spaces depends on the conditions prevailing in different societies The set is evaluated

The absence of regulations in close proximity to fault lines, disregard for non-structural defense in urban planning, and failure to adhere to construction standards can result in modifications to urban development. Crisis management experiences indicate that residential areas are predominantly concentrated in zones prone to seismic activity, necessitating the protection of urban spaces and the mitigation of ineffective damages. This study aims to identify the environmental, physical-spatial, social, and economic components, along with their influential indicators, and comprehensively assess the vulnerabilities and earthquake-prone areas. Furthermore, it aims to redefine risk reduction strategies based on the findings of this analysis.

The present study is classified as a descriptive study wherein the process of data collection and analysis has been employed. A cohort of 30 specialists was chosen, and their survey outcomes concerning the condition of the municipal areas of Kermanshah were evaluated using a Fuzzy TOPSIS model. The model's output was graphically represented as a map prepared by GIS software, and the analysis of the resultant map was conducted to compare urban areas in relation to physical growth.

The results indicate that regions 8 and 4 exhibit the minimum susceptibility, region 5 ranking third, region 1 ranking fourth, regions 2 and 3 ranking fifth, region 6 ranking sixth, and region 7 ranking seventh.

The susceptibility of the eight primary districts in Kermanshah is ascribed to their spatial proximity and distance from fault lines, the socioeconomic standing of the inhabitants, the structural resilience, the presence of accessible areas and emergency facilities, the density of the population, the proximity of neighborhoods, and the existence of dilapidated residential areas.

The city, as human life, plays a fundamental role in creating a feeling of satisfaction, and in fact, it shapes the lifestyle of a person and determines the quality of his life. It should be noted that the quality of housing is directly related to the quality of life and the social and economic development of different communities; in such a way that the accommodation of families in inappropriate housing has become the basis of social problems and anomalies, which in turn, unfavorable social conditions will cause negative economic effects for societies. Quality of life studies can identify problematic areas, causes of people's dissatisfaction, residents' priorities. In life, the influence of socio-demographic factors on the quality of life and to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of policies and strategies in the field of quality of life. According to the above, the purpose of this research was to measure the quality of life in Urmia city and five regions based on housing indicators. The originality and innovation of the current research can be expressed in the application of the new BWM (2015) and MARCOS (2019) models as well as the combined physical, economic, social and demographic indicators.

According to its purpose, this research is an applied research and according to the method of doing the work, it has a descriptive-analytical nature. The information was collected through library studies, field studies and census data of Iran Statistics Center in 2015. Thus, after studying the sources related to the research topic, 12 indicators have been selected to reach the research output, which include household density in a residential unit, population density in a residential unit, building age, building quality, building strength, land value, access to services. Education and treatment, housing ownership, plot area, infrastructure level, access to green space and residential density. Considering that each of the housing indicators used to model the quality of life has a different importance coefficient, therefore, in this article, the opinions of elites have been used to determine the weight of the indicators. In order to weight the indicators based on the BWM method, 10 questionnaires whose content is based on the pairwise comparison of indicators based on the preference of the best indicator over other indicators and the preference of other indicators over the worst indicator have been compiled. In the next step, the data of the questionnaires were entered into the GAMS software and were calculated and analyzed. The highest weight obtained is related to the building quality index with 0.201 and the lowest is related to the age of the building with an importance coefficient of 0.017. After calculating the weight of the indicators, in order to perform spatial analysis, first the information layers of the indicators were digitized and edited in the software of the geographic information system, and by converting the information layers into a raster and standardizing them based on the purpose of the research, the importance coefficient calculated from BWM in each of The indicators have been multiplied and the combination of the indicators has been discussed by applying weighting. In the last step, the MARCOS model was used to evaluate the quality of life in the five regions of Urmia.

Results & Disscussion:

After the 12 indicators of housing to measure the quality of life in the geographic information system software were classified and analyzed using the reclassification command and based on the research objectives, in order to model the quality of life in the city of Urmia by using the summation command and applying the obtained weights Based on the best-worst method, the indicators have been combined. The results of the combination of 12 housing indicators to model the quality of life in Urmia show that 23% of the city is in the very low quality of life zone, 34% in the low quality of life zone, 13% in the medium quality of life zone, 20% in the The quality of life is high and 11% is in the area of ​​very high quality of life. Based on the output obtained from the Marcus model, in Urmia city, region one, region five, region two, region three and region four are ranked 1 to 5 in terms of quality of life based on housing indicators.

The obtained results indicate that in general the quality of life in the eastern, northern, and northwestern parts of Urmia city is at an inappropriate level due to the presence of informal settlements, and the Shahrchai River border, which includes the 1st and 5th May areas. Due to the newly built area, it is in high quality. The results of the separate analysis of the indicators show that the quality of life in Urmia city based on the indicators of households in a residential unit, people in a residential unit, the strength of buildings, the area of ​​plots, access to educational and medical services and green space in a medium to high condition and based on the indicators The age of the building, the quality of the building, the value of the land, the level of infrastructure, housing ownership and residential density are in a medium to low condition.

 Planning the local development of rural communities is an effective technique, particularly for sustainable resource allocation, which might be the end objective of a happy future. Development planning should achieve intended goals from the perspective of all regional spatial stakeholders. Methodologies vary in response to new issues. Scenario writing of rural local planning in East Azerbaijan province was used to fill the study gap from two subject and methodological perspectives.

 The method of the present research is applied, descriptive-analytical, and mixed in terms of purpose, nature, and collection of information, respectively. Also, it is based on scenario planning. The panel consists of 30 experts and university professors in related fields. Scenario Wizard software extracted scenarios at three levels of consistent, strong, and weak probability.

  One strong scenario, 1675 weak scenarios, and 26 highly compatible scenarios were extracted. Each compatible scenario was displayed at three optimal, static, and critical probability levels.

 The scenario "encouraging local governance through popular participation" was identified as the first compatible scenario, which is positive and promising. "The lack of significant participation of people and non-governmental institutions in local planning," as the next consistent scenario, indicates the absence of stakeholders or at least the weak role of people in rural planning in the future. "Basic lack of attention to the role of intermediate cities" was identified as the third consistent scenario.

Innovation:

 Filling the research gap from the point of view of background criticism and all from the methodological aspect to provide stable scenario(s) for the future of local planning from the point of view of spatial stakeholders.

In modern approaches to the city, City of Khorasan has been proposed as a strategic way of thinking in the planning and implementation of urban plans. This approach addresses the ways in which citizens engage in different areas of encounter with city-related issues in order to realize the components of the idea of ​​the right to the city (urban governance, social inclusion, cultural diversity in the city and social freedoms and the right to access urban services to all residents of the city There is a strong link between space and creativity. Creative people need space for life, work, inspiration, and work. In this context, public spaces can play a very important role.This article seeks to answer the main question that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing public spaces to reach the public sphere are creative and which indicators have the most impact on promoting the public spaces in the creative public space? The present study was applied in a qualitative way. The statistical population of the study consisted of 60 professors, experts in urban planning and executive directors from different universities of Tabriz and the municipality of Tabriz through purposeful sampling and Available for selection and review and the final arrangement of the provided list is also done using the Delphi technique as a combination of similar responses and removal of marginal responses. According to the findings of the research, in terms of grading and comparing the public spaces studied in this study, the public spaces of Aeol Goli Park, the Municipality of the Center, Sahib al-Amr Square, Qutb Square, Laleh Park, and Valga-Asr Park, according to the total score of 2 to 3 at the moderate level and the foundation of the foundation. Based on the total score of the final 4, internal factors are at the highest level in terms of the general creative space, all of which by adopting the necessary measures necessary to enhance the creative public space. Among the factors studied, the existence of a suitable transportation system for welfare and easy access, long-term erosion, strong historical record, multi-functionality, tolerance for all groups, security, and the creation of a platform for creating a variety of events are among the most important factors. In the promotion of public spaces were identified in the creative public space.

the purpose of this research is analyzing the relationship between changes of life style and the pattern of Islamic housing in Tabriz metropolis. The method of the research is descriptive, survey and inferential and is based on referring to Islamic sources of Quran verses and narratives. In addition, questionnaires have been used to achieve the research purposes. The statistical population of the research consists of all the residents of Tabriz in the whole area of this metropolis and the subjects were selected using simple accidental method of sampling. For confirming or rejecting the hypotheses, SPSS software was used for analyzing the data obtained from the questionnaires. By analyzing the relationship between variables and ranking of the indices and components of the research it became possible by application of multiple regression model and single-sample t test. In addition, using network analysis model and Super Decision software, the ideas of 30 experts were extracted by distributing questionnaires and the elements and components of each factor were ranked. The results of the research indicated that the total multiplier correlation coefficient for independent and dependent variables were 0.906 R and the coefficient of determination was 0.822 and the adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.818. This fact indicates a high correlation between the variable of lifestyle and Islamic housing pattern. From39 sub-indicators, 12 of them which show changes in lifestyle values, belong respectively to the index of respect with coefficient (0.367), cultural values (0.243), behavioral patterns (0.215), economic values (0.132). These values have gained high privileges. In addition, social index, religious identity index and spatial and environmental values have lower ranks. Diminishing spiritual values against material ones are significant in the sense that the changes in lifestyle values have pushed the model of Islamic housing toward modernization.

Housing is one of the most basic human needs and a key component in the sustainable development of society. In different countries of the world, including developing countries, various policies have been considered to provide housing, especially for the low-income groups. Based on the researches done so far, different programs called "solutions" have been put on the agenda to solve the problems of urban housing. But according to experts, these plans have been the only shelter for the swollen wounds of these people; Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the key drivers for housing planning of low-income groups in the isolated urban area of Naysar (in Sanandaj). This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the studied components, the approach is descriptive-analytical method and environmental and Delphi scanning technique has been used to identify variables and indicators. Then a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among 40 experts in the field of urban issues. The obtained data were analyzed using MICMAC software. The results showed that the urban system, especially in the housing sector in the isolated urban area of Naysar (in the city of Sanandaj) is going through unstable conditions. Also, based on the analysis, 15 factors were identified as key drivers for providing and improving the housing situation needed for the low-income and poor in the study area, among which the role of economic and socio-cultural factors are more prominent.

The study is applied research and it was carried out by a survey-descriptive method, with the technique of co-occurrence analysis and co-authorship of related researches, as well as the network analysis method with an exploratory approach and knowledge maps. The statistical population includes all the metadata of related documents available in Science Direct scientific database (8012 documents) from 1999 to 2022, which for the accuracy of the work was limited to 21 titles of publications related to "environmental sciences" in 7 subject areas and 1434 documents were collected. The research results show the upward growth of studies in this field in the world. The keyword "Foresight" is ranked first and the keywords "climate changes", "scenarios", "innovation" and "sustainability" are in the next ranks. A total of 11 clusters were extracted in the subject area. Since 2016, the keyword "Resilience" is an emerging and prominent word that has created a meaningful connection with the words "sustainability development" and "sustainability intensification". During the research period, at least 2 scientific research articles have been published in the desired field from among about 390 authors. The most significant development event in the field of study since 2011 has been formed with the study of "Rob", "Berkhout" and "Andrew", which is widely linked to other authors with the reference of "Detlef" in 2014-2015. In 2016, the effects of co-authoring have reached their highest level. "Bosetti", "Kriegler", and "Eom" have had a strong degree of connection and more occurrences with other authors in this field.

Intruduction:

The emergence of metropolitan areas is one of the most important phenomena of 20th century. This phenomenon happened primarily as a result of concentration of wealth in the most important cities of the world and then decentralization of population and activities in bigger areas along with political, social, economic and industrial processes. Nowadays the metropolitan regions face different challenges including: population distribution and activities in the region, lack of territorial balance, the process of physical growth of cities, the distribution of facilities among residents and etc. All of these have created problems for the municipal management of the city.

The present study, with its brief view on regionalist thoughts, tries to analyze the process of growth and distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The method of present research has been descriptive (library) -analytical so as to answer the main question of the research : “ How has the interaction of population of Tabriz with surrounding urban points been ?” by collecting data based on documentary and library method and using approved plans and existing statistics and reports .

The present article tries to present solutions for improving the territorial planning and appropriate distribution of population in the metropolitan region of Tabriz. The results reveal that the rapid growth of urbanization in Tabriz has led to deep distance between population of this city and the surrounding cities.

In the past few decades in so far as the blueprint of distribution of population in the aforementioned region has been unplanned and it has not followed an appropriate order in proportion to the potentials and capacities and this has caused the management of Tabriz and the metropolitan region many problems. If this continues, this area will face even more problems.

With the beginning of the land reform program in 1963 and with the collapse of the feudal system, a large wave of new population and labor force applying for land and housing went to the cities. As a result, construction activities and related economic activities intensified. The land, in economic activities, is sometimes produced as input and sometimes as a durable commodity. It creates attractiveness for people, and the demand for it increases in inflationary conditions. In these conditions, with the increase in demand, housing prices increase. Micro and macro factors that are effective in determining housing prices can be divided into two categories of external stimuli, such as the increase in the volume of money and liquidity, inflation, capital market, stock market, and in general, the factors that are rooted in macroeconomic and political activities. Internal drivers can be referred to as the price of land, the price of consumables, branches, and the cost of wages. In the neoclassical approach, land as an attractive input needs mechanisms to coordinate it according to demand and add to its capital value. According to economists such as Lancaster, Muth, and Rosen, the characteristics of goods are significant for consumers, and what is desirable for them is the quality of the product.

Considering the nature of the subject, the present research is of an applied type with a descriptive-analytical approach. The data collection tool was based on library and survey methods. Library studies were used to formulate theoretical foundations and background and identify research variables. In the next step, real estate consultants in Tehran Municipality’s Region five were questioned by the survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the factors that affected housing prices in the study area during 2011-2021 were investigated. A multivariate regression analysis method was used using the Hedonic function to analyze the correlation between the variables. Furthermore, SPSS and EV
views 10 were used to analyze the data.

The analysis of the factors affecting housing prices in the Tehran Region five showed that out of 33 variables in structural, accessibility, and environmental dimensions, the coefficients of 28 variables were significant at the error level of 0.5. Among the physical variables affecting the price of housing, the floor area at 0.193, the building age at 0.166, the selection of suitable materials at 0.151, the location of the unit on the floors, especially the middle ones at 0.143, and the possibility of direct lighting (being towards the north or south direction of the housing) at 0.125 had a positive and significant effect on the housing price; for one unit of change in the mentioned variables, the housing price is increased. Among the accessibility variables, the distance between residential units to the nearest park and green space, that of residential units to the nearest educational centers, and that of residential units to the nearest public transportation station (metro, BRT, bus station, or taxi station) (-0.143, -0.124, -0.106, respectively) had a negative and significant effect on housing prices. The distance between residential units from the mentioned variables was effective in reducing housing prices. Among the environmental variables, the distance from narrow streets (-0.095) and the increase in traffic level (-0.087) decreased the housing price. Based on the one-sample t-test results, physical and structural indicators were the most important factors influencing the increase in housing prices, and accessibility and environmental components affected increasing housing prices, respectively. Pearson's parametric test results indicated a positive or direct correlation between structural indicators and housing prices. The coefficients obtained from this test showed that the correlation in structural, accessibility, and environmental indices were 0.659, 0.487, and 0.441, respectively. Moreover, the intensity of the influence of indices on housing prices using multivariable regression was (0.757).

Providing housing at a reasonable price is always considered a fundamental necessity in urban housing planning. From the point of view of microeconomics, housing is an immovable commodity, heterogeneous and dependent on a specific location, which, compared to others, is affected by various structural, spatial, and human variables in its valuation. This research analyzed the factors affecting housing prices in the Tehran Region five and indicated the way the micro factors increase housing prices. The hedonic function of housing for Tehran Region five was divided into structural, accessibility, and environmental dimensions to achieve the research goal. The results showed that among the mentioned components, the floor area, the year of construction, the materials of the housing, the location of the unit on the floors and the north-south direction of the housing, the distance of the residential units to the nearest park and green space, that of the residential units to the nearest educational center, that of residential units to the nearest public transportation station, alley and street width, and alley and street traffic conditions were significant variables in housing prices. The correlation test results showed a positive correlation between structural, accessibility, and environmental components on housing prices. In examining the rates of coefficients according to the regression test, it was found that the structural, accessibility, and environmental indicators directly influenced the housing price. Identifying the dimensions affecting housing prices can play a vital role in predicting and controlling housing prices, checking the quality of construction and living environment, and consumer preferences.

The need to pay attention to organizing an efficient housing and urban development system and the need to concentrate on new urban planning ideas and defense planning of the city to achieve the goals of urban defense seem very important. Nowadays, the housing system in cities is in a dilemma; on the one hand, the expansion of cities and the formation of new urban patterns, and on the other hand, worn-out and marginal urban textures that are somehow vulnerable to disasters and hazards. The present study used a descriptive-analytical method and library and field work with emphasis on the principles of passive defense and identification of the components and indicators of vulnerability and zoning of danger in four components of natural, physical, social and economic with 45 sub-indices. It also examined earthquake-vulnerable areas comprehensively as well as the neighborhood-spatial structure of Kermanshah urban areas in order to reduce the risk from a defense perspective. In this paper, with fundamental studies related to the spatial structure based on earthquake risk, the formation and collection of experts' opinions and its analysis in the form of taxonomic and Vikor models and the required database in ArcGIS software environment were drawn. In addition to risk zoning, vulnerable neighborhoods and settlements were identified and the necessary defense strategies were provided to reduce vulnerability.

Considering the huge volume of studies conducted in the field of Islamic city during the last century; The amount, variety and sometimes contradictions and fragmentation of the results of these studies on the one hand and the need to precisely answer the unanswered questions in this field on the other hand; Also, the necessity of principled action in order to formulate the theoretical foundations of the Islamic city, the importance of this research can be considered as an effort to explain the concept of the Islamic city.

This study extracts and identifies the drivers of the Islamic city from reliable jurisprudential sources (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah).

The present study is an exploratory and qualitative research. This study aimed at finding the drivers of the Islamic city by examining the related documents and texts (Quran and Nahj al-Balaghah) through "interpretive phenomenological analysis".

The results of the study place the drivers of the Islamic city in three categories: monotheism, justice and security.

Monotheism as the first driver, is a fundamental keyword in the realization of the Islamic school and a prominent feature in the appearance of Islamic cities and its inhabitants. The development of the concept of monotheism, which can lead to the realization of the Islamic city, is formed in accordance with the works of the Islamic references through social capital and the realization of good spiritual governance. Justice is the second driver identified by the present study to explain the characteristics of the Islamic city. Apart from the religion of Islam and its persistent emphasis on the realization of the principle of justice among Muslims and the recommendation to its realization, justice is the key word and the main goal of all approaches and theories to achieve a livable and human-oriented city. Security, as the basis for the existence of any residential area and the continuation of the process of life and development, is the third identified driver for the realization of the Islamic city.

Today, free zones are one of the tools of governments to realize the extroverted strategy in the paradigm of globalization, based on the political economy of space and one of the main focal points of the presence of investors. Since the formation of free zones and in this in Aras Free Zone, land is the most important factor among other factors of production and trade. And what is needed after several decades of the formation of free zones is to change the approach to planning in these areas will eventually lead to healing the problems of these areas.Meanwhile, in the present study, with a futuristic approach to identify the most important factors and examine the extent and how these factors affect each other and the future status of spatial development of the approved area of Aras Free Zone, including Julfa city and approved areas subject to legal materials. Free, pays.In fact, it provides the basis for developing scenarios in the next stages, as well as formulating strategies, planning and policy-making to achieve the desired scenarios. This article explores and recognizes these propellants using Delphi methods and cross-section analysis and Mick Mac software.This research is descriptiveexplanatory in terms of method and applied in terms of application of results .Finally, after examining the extent and how these factors affect each other and the future situation of this free zone, it was determined by direct and indir.Eleven key factors in this study :International sanctions, development of agricultural and greenhouse plains, development of industry, exports, land prices, urban and rural development, diplomatic relations with Caucasus countries, regional competition with other free zones, tourism infrastructure, trade boom, facilitation Imports were selected. These factors that play the most role in the future spatial development of the Aras Free Zone.

One of the new approaches in the direction of urban sustainability is the concept of livability, which emphasizes on improving the quality of various economic, social, environmental and physical indicators in the city. In this study, which was conducted with the aim of assessing the livability situation in 10 areas of Tabriz, the descriptive-analytical method and questionnaire tools (at both levels of citizens and experts) were used. In this regard, one-sample t-test in SPSS software environment, Vicker multi-attribute decision model and interaction / structural analysis method using Mick Mac software for data analysis have been used. The statistical population of this study was the residents of 10 districts of Tabriz, and the statistical sample was selected based on stratified sampling method and the proportion of population share of the regions using simple random sampling method. The results show that according to both experts (3.04) and citizens (3.20), the average of the four dimensions of livability of Tabriz metropolis is higher than the average (theoretical average of 3). According to the opinions of the citizens of District 9 and according to the opinions of experts, District 1 is in the first place. The results of Vickor analysis also show the first rank of Region 2 in terms of viability. Regarding the influential factors resulting from Mick Mac software, "creating employment and sustainable income" is the most important known factor. The results show that the factors of job creation and sustainable income, renovation of worn-out texture, improvement of suburban texture, provision of suitable housing, development of green and open spaces and provision of infrastructure services are key factors, respectively. Considering this, it can be said that among the 10 areas of Tabriz metropolis, we are witnessing a spatial imbalance in terms of livability, and the optimal management of the mentioned cases plays an important role in eliminating this spatial imbalance.