محمود محمدزاده

Saffron petals are known as one of the richest sources of anthocyanin. Considering the significant production statistics of this plant and high consumption of anthocyanin as an authorized food color in Iran, its industrial extraction can be worthy to be considered. In this study, with an industrial approach (determination of parameters considering industrial extraction), conditions for extracting monomeric anthocyanin from saffron petals using a single solvent of citric acid have been investigated, for the first time. Among the reasons for this choice to replace other solvents studied in previous studies, we can mention the availability and allowability of this substance in the food industry. The variables of solvent to dry plant tissue ratio in the range of 10 to 60 ml/g, extraction temperature in the range of 25 to 35 °C, solvent concentration percentage in the range of 5 to 20 and extraction time of 2 to 120 minutes were considered for this experiment. After obtaining the most appropriate model to the laboratory data output, using the surface-response method, extraction conditions were optimized in order to achieve the highest amount of extracted anthocyanin. According to the obtained coefficients, ratio of solvent to dry petals was recognized as the most significant extraction variable. Solvent ratio to dry petals of 10 ml/g, solvent concentration percentage of 5.04, extraction temperature of 25 °C and extraction time of 179.555 minutes were determined as the optimal extraction conditions. Extraction time of up to 180 minutes was considered to optimize. Model predicted the amount of extracted anthocyanin in the optimal conditions was 688.944 mg/l.

Today, video games have a special place among entertainment. In this article, we have developed an interactive video game for mobile devices. In this game, the user can control the game’s character by his face and hand gestures. Cascading classifiers along with Haar-like features and local binary patterns are used for hand gesture recognition and face detection. The game’s character moves according to the current hand and face state received from the frontal camera. Various ideas are used to achieve the appropriate accuracy and speed. Unity 3D and OpenCV for Unity are employed to design and implement the video game. The programming language is C#. This game is written in C# and developed for both Windows and Android operating systems. Experiments show an accuracy of 86.4% in the detection of five gestures. It also has an acceptable frame rate and can run at 11 fps and 8 fps in Windows and Android respectively.

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common causes of mortality in developed and developing countries, and chronic inflammation is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of human lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection on the progression of atherosclerosis in the HTLV-1 endemic area. Of 50 patients in 4 groups including 14 coronary artery disease+HTLV-1+ patients, 8 CAD-HTLV-1+, 17 CAD+HTLV-1- subjects and 11 healthy controls (CAD-HTLV-1-), blood specimens were obtained. Then, Tax gene expression was evaluated via real-time PCR, TaqMan method. Furthermore, lipid factors such as cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL were measured as common risk factors of coronary artery disease. The HDL levels in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly lower than the CAD-HTLV-1+ group (p=0.04). Total cholesterol in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and CAD-HTLV-1- groups (p=0.001 and p=0.001). Also, total cholesterol in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- and healthy groups (p=0.001 and p=0.002). The LDL level in CAD+HTLV-1+ group was significantly higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.001). Moreover, LDL level in CAD-HTLV-1+ group was higher than CAD+HTLV-1- group (p=0.01). The HTLV-1 can alter the lipid profiles. Association between HDL, LDL, cholesterol and Tax showed that Tax as main virulence factor of virus by dysregulation of cytokines production, increasing of cholesterol, LDL and decreasing of HDL can facilitate the plaque formation in HTLV-1-infected patients.

Medical universities have the important task of educating professional human resources. Familiarizing students with the university environment seems to be necessary to achieve a basic level of attitude and skills. Students entering the clinical externship course face difficulties such asunfamiliarity with hospital environment. Therefore, the student committee of Educational Development Center of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Yazd Standing Committee Of Medical Education (SCOME, IMSA- Yazd) designed and performed the study “We and Externship ” to make externs be familiar with the clinical environment.
The workshops took place in Shahid Sadoughi of Yazd hospital, in January 2014 and 2015. 4 interns (6th and 7th year medical students) explained the specifiedtopics . At the beginning and the end of the session, pretest and posttest were distributed among the participants. The satisfaction level was assessed at the end of the session.
65 (72.2%) out of 90 participants answered the questionnaires. The mean scores of pretest and posttest were 8.29± 3.28 and 15.59± 3.53, respectively. The presented topics resolved the educational need of 49 (73.3%) students. 31 students (47.7%) felt prepared to enter externship course after this workshop. 61 students (93.8%) said their information about this course has increased and for 57 students (88.7%) the topics of workshops were practical.
Familiarizing externs to the hospital environment and the rules of each wards in the hospital before the clinical course is necessary and it is suggested to put this externship course in the curriculum and the topics are taught by interns.

Tuberculosis is a widespread disease which is more common in developing countries. Musculoskeletal tuberculosis constitutes10-15% of cases in underdeveloped countries. The most common site of involvement is vertebrae. Clinical manifestations، location of vertebral involvement and therapy approaches vary between geographic areas. Recognition of specific features of the disease، predominant signs and consequences of common therapies in the region can be useful for physicians and can reduce its complications. This cross-sectional descriptive case series study included all spinal tuberculosis cases who have been diagnosed in Yazd city between 2001 and 2008. A questionnaire was applied to collect the data about demographic، clinical signs and symptoms، imaging features، medical or surgical therapeutic approaches، complications and outcome of treatment were collected by questionnaire. Analysis was done by SPSS (version 10. 5) and p value< 0. 05 was taken as significant. Fifty patients were evaluated in this study، the most frequent age group of patients the 40-60 year group، and the least frequent was the group< 20years old. The most common clinical finding in decreasing order was local pain in involved vertebrae، weight loss، sweating and loss of appetite. Location of involved vertebrae was lumbar، thoracic، thoraco-lumbar and cervical. All patients were treated medically and 16 patients required surgical intervention. The study results revealed cure for 42 (84%) without any complications. Considering occurrence of this disease in middle age، the most common symptoms and local vertebral pain are influential in earlier diagnosis. They prevent the complications and surgical intervention of spinal tuberculosis.

There are millions of children around the world living on the street. They are at higher risk of physical, sexual and drug abuse, and have no access to health care facilities. Therefore they are at risk of viral infections such as HCV and HIV. The aim of this study was determining the prevalence of HCV and HIV infection in Isfahan street children (2005-2007). The cross-sectional study was taken place on 386 street children through a nonprobable-convenience sampling method. They were requested to answer a questionnaire (demographic and behavioral data), and then they were tested for anti

Millions of children around the world live on the street. They are at higher risk of viral diseases (eg. hepatitis B virus) because of physical, sexual and drug abuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its risk factors in Isfahan street children. In a cross-sectional study, we selected 399 street children. After getting information and performing the tests for HBs Ag, HBs Ab and HBc Ab, data were analyzed by SPSS software version 15 used t-test, χ2, Mann-Whitney and logistic regression. We studied 271 (68%) boys and 128 (32%) girls. Their mean age was 12.74 ± 3.27 years. In our study, poverty was the main motivation for street children (68% of participants). 91.7%, 94.7% and 96.7% of the participants had no history of smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages or drug abuse, respectively. 34.4% of girls and 4.4% of boys (P = 0.001) were sexually abused and 68% of girls and 17.3% of boys (P = 0.001) were involved in physical fighting. HBs Ag, HBs Ab and HBc Ab seroprevalence were 3.3%, 14.4% and 2.1% respectively. No significant statistical difference was between HBV-seroprevalence and its probable risk factors. KEducational programs for safer behaviors, training them to improve their quality of life, and hepatitis B vaccination in those who are non-immune should be performed.

Urinary catheterization is a common procedure in the care and hospitalized women drawn from gynecology unit of Shaheed Sadoughi Hospital inYazd. They were selected through random sampling, and were allocated in two groups.After registering the participants’ demographic data, the urine culture samples were sent to laboratory. The samples with more than 10 microorganisms were recorded. All statistics were computed by the SPSS software data.A clinical trial study design was carried out with a sample of 603 bacteriuria were recognized and the 20% using water and 16.7% using povidone -iodine solution. The difference betweenthe groups wasn’t significant (were Stafilococco aureo (6.65%), escherichia coli (10%), Enterococcus (3.35%) and in povidone -iodine solution group were gram positive cocci (3.35%), estafilococo (3.35%), streptococ (3.35%) and escherichia coli (6.65%) which weren’t significantly different (Overally, 18.3% of the participants had shown bacteriuria which wasP=0.5). The contributor microorganisms in water groupP=0.5). between groups. It seemed that using povidone -iodine solution didn’t reduce the rate of bacteriuria more than water. As applying water has no side effects and is more beneficial economically, it could be recommended for peri urethral cleaning prior to urinary catheterization in short term.The findings indicated that there were no significant differences treatment of hospitalized patients and bacteriuria is associated with complications and decreased quality of healthcare services. Applying any safe and cost benefit action to reduce or prevent it is of great importance which using the antiseptic solutions, is one of them. It seems that doing the procedure with clean method alike to sterile method is safe and using water is preferred to antiseptic solutions due to economical reasons,availability, and not having side effects. The present study was therefore conducted to compare the effects of water vs. povidone -iodine solution for periurethral cleaning prior to urinary catheterization on bacteriuria.