فهرست مطالب محمود کریمی

Biodiesel is viewed as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its favorable chemical properties and environmental benefits. Research has shifted towards producing biodiesel from non-edible oils and waste cooking oils to avoid food scarcity issues. The high cost of production is a major challenge, with raw materials accounting for 75% of the total cost. Sustainability depends on low-cost feedstocks like waste cooking oil. Exergy analysis is a useful tool for optimizing biodiesel production by reducing energy and resource consumption and increasing production yield. The study focuses on the exergy flow of transesterification of waste cooking canola oil, with parameters like methanol:oil ratio, catalyst concentration, and temperature being evaluated.

Waste cooking oil (WCO) was used in the present study, with physicochemical properties including density, viscosity, free fatty acid content, and acid value measured. Biodiesel production using a two-step catalyzed method was carried out, with the first step being esterification to remove high water and FFA content in the waste cooking oil. The second step involved transesterification using different methanol:oil ratios, catalyst concentrations, and reaction temperatures. The FAME content of the samples was analyzed using gas chromatography and an equation was provided to calculate the FAME content of the biodiesel samples. In the process of transesterification of WCO, four balance equations were used to analyze exergy. Mass, energy, and entropy input and output must be balanced, with a portion of exergy input being destroyed. The mass exergy component is divided into physical, chemical, potential, and kinetic exergy. The overall exergy of a mixture of substances was calculated by considering physical and chemical exergy. Mixing in the transesterification process is irreversible, with potential work being wasted. Exergy transfer by heat flow and workflow was calculated using specific equations. An exergy conversion coefficient was used to estimate the chemical exergy content of fuels. Dead state conditions were considered for calculating exergy efficiency in the transesterification process.

The GC analysis of transesterification conversion products from a standard sample showed that the main components in WCO-derived biodiesel were methyl salicylate, methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, and methyl oleate. The efficiency of the transesterification process under specific conditions was determined to be 90.23% with an exergy efficiency of 91.73%. Exergy analysis revealed that the exergy embodied in biodiesel was higher than that in WCO, but a portion of WCO's exergy was consumed in the production of biodiesel. The study also highlighted ways to reduce energy loss and material waste in the transesterification process, emphasizing the importance of recycling and reusing waste materials to improve overall resource efficiency. The experiment variables of methanol:oil molar ratio, KOH concentration, and reaction temperature were investigated in the transesterification process for biodiesel production. A higher methanol:oil molar ratio of 6:1 was recommended for maximum yield when using pure oil with low FFA and water content. Increasing the ratio from 4:1 to 8:1 resulted in higher biodiesel yield and exergy efficiency. However, further increasing the ratio to 12:1 led to decreased efficiency. The KOH concentration and reaction temperature also had significant impacts on biodiesel yield and exergy efficiency. Higher catalyst concentration and reaction temperature increased exergy destruction, while a temperature increase from 45℃ to 55℃ improved efficiency and yield. The study suggested that careful optimization of these variables is essential for maximizing biodiesel production and minimizing exergy losses.

Exergy analysis is a valuable tool for assessing the environmental impacts of products, processes, or activities by quantifying energy and material usage and waste generation within a comprehensive framework. It also allows for estimating the resource requirements for processes such as transesterification in the production of renewable resources like biodiesel. In this study, the exergy flow in the transesterification of waste cooking oil was evaluated, with a focus on the impact of variables such as methanol:oil ratio, potassium hydroxide concentration, and reaction temperature on biodiesel yield, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction. Experimental data was collected and used for exergy calculations, revealing that maximum biodiesel yield and exergy efficiency were achieved at specific conditions. Excess methanol or potassium hydroxide led to decreased efficiency and increased exergy loss in the process. Lower temperatures also resulted in higher exergy loss due to reduced conversion efficiency. Understanding the effects of these variables can help improve exergy efficiency and economic performance in commercial biodiesel production. Exergy analysis can also be used to evaluate environmental performance and aid in the development of environmental policies and resource management strategies.

Understanding the truth of the language of the Qur'an requires complete thinking in the "intratextual" and "extratextual" challenges of this holy book. This article, by entering the field of "hermeneutics", while overviewing this science, has criticized and evaluated the most serious doubts and challenges of "textual hermeneutics" (specifically: philosophical hermeneutics), and tried to solve them with adjusting the view, or rejecting doubts, in order to open the way for a hermeneutic that is compatible with the classic view of Islam on the category of understanding and interpretation. According to the fixed principles and the absolutist nature of the Islamic religion, and the strong rational and narrative proofs, the extreme relativistic view of understanding the meaning in the "modern" period, and some of the viewpoints inclined to it in the "post-modern" period, are in complete conflict with the inherent nature of religion, and contradict God's wisdom in sending the "messaging text of the Qur'an" and the” sending of the Messenger". Therefore, establishing the language of this book on the unclear and shaky principles of understanding in these periods is ruled out. On the other hand, adjusting the view based on absolutist and methodical hermeneutics in the Classical and Neoclassical or even Preclassical periods, is the only way to achieve a suitable hermeneutic for the book of the Qur'an. However, the specific differences between the Qur'an and other books, require the establishment of a "special and appropriate hermeneutic for this book".

Due to having multiple tasks in ensuring the health of patients, primary healthcare workers are under many stresses that may lead to job burnout. The present study aims to determine the relationship between occupational stress and job burnout of primary healthcare workers. 

This descriptive, correlational study was conducted in 2019 on 128 primary healthcare workers in Saveh and Zarandieh cities, who were selected by a census method. Data was collected by a demographic form, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Spielberger’s job stress survey (JSS). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data, and independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to analyze data in SPSS software, version 18.

The mean score of JSS was 140.7±48.6, which was lower the median score (150). The mean frequency score was 23.43±8.3 for the MBI dimension of emotional exhaustion, 17±4.78 for depersonalization, and 14.43±6.74 for personal accomplishment. Occupational stress had a positive and significant relationship with the frequency of emotional exhaustion (r=0.59, P<0.001) and depersonalization (r=0.22, P<0.001), and a negative and significant relationship with the frequency of personal accomplishment (r=-0.47, P<0.001). This indicates that with the increase of occupational stress, the frequency of job burnout in two dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization increases, while the frequency of personal accomplishment decreases.

Primary healthcare workers in the study region have moderate occupational stress and a high level of job burnout in the areas of depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Considering the high level of job burnout and its relationship with occupational stress in these healthcare workers, and the fact that these factors can have a negative impact on the quality of healthcare services, it is necessary to carry out necessary interventions to reduce and manage occupational stress and job burnout of primary healthcare workers.

The caesarean method is used in Iran more than the standard rate recommended by the World Health Organization. Reducing the number of caesarean births and promoting natural births at all levels of the country's health system is a concern of the country's health policymakers. Therefore, the present research aimed to identify the effective factors in selecting the type of delivery based on the Health Belief Model.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 144 pregnant mothers in the comprehensive health centers of Saveh, Iran. A designed questionnaire based on the constructs of the Health Belief Model (Perceived susceptibility, Perceived severity, Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers, and Self-efficacy) and knowledge was used to determine the beliefs related to the type of the selected delivery. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 16).

Out of 144 individuals, who participated in the study, 52.08% of mothers selected the natural method, and 47.91% chose cesarean as the preferred method of delivery. The structure of perceived barriers, with a mean of 56.50 had the highest mean in the cesarean delivery group. Based on the logistic regression, all six constructs of the Health Belief Model had an impact on predicting the type of delivery, and overall, the model, by 71%, could predict the pregnant mothers’ preferred delivery type.

Health professionals can reduce the number of unnecessary cesarean births by designing and implementing educational interventions aimed at raising the level of awareness of pregnant mothers and focusing on psychological structures that are effective in behavior, including strengthening self-efficacy in women and removing obstacles regarding natural childbirth.

Energy balance is a suitable tool for assessing the effects of production on environment with considering the amount of fossil fuels used and the amount of energy output. In the present study, input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in three ways: conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave was investigated.Material and In this study the energy inputs such as waste cooking oil, methanol, catalyst, electricity and energy for biodiesel production and output of energy, including biodiesel, glycerin, excess alcohol, water, soap, monoglycerides and diglyceride to estimate energy efficiency were calculated. The consumed energy for the methods of conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were found 33.73, 35.75 and 34.39 MJ/L, respectively. The energy efficiency of biodiesel production in conventional, using ultrasound irradiation and using microwave were calculated 0.87, 0.80 and 0.77 respectively.  Discussion and Among the mentioned methods of biodiesel production in the present study, using ultrasound irradiation in the process of biodiesel production was found as the best method in terms of input-output energy ratio and energy efficiency. The using ultrasound irradiation with the renewability index of 75% was also found as the most renewable process among the studied methods.

This paper addresses the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for nonstationary signals using time-frequency distributions (TFDs). The averaging method is used for selecting the time-frequency points. For this purpose, a strength indicator is used to remove the points with more noise. The method of obtaining the strength indicator is described and numerical simulations are used to show its effect. In addition, the DOA estimation method using time-frequency distributions when the number of sources is more than sensors is described and simulated. In addition to the narrowband model, the broadband model is also used for the output signal of the sensor array, which increases the accuracy of the performance evaluation of DOA estimation methods. The effect of time-frequency kernels, number of snapshots, number of sensors, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bandwidth and signal type are investigated in simulations. The effect of window length and window type in the Wigner-Ville kernel is also examined. The computational complexities of both conventional and time-frequency DOA estimation methods are also compared. The results show that as the strength indicator increases, the estimation error decreases, but with a large increase in the strength indicator, the number of averaging points also decreases, which increases the error. Simulation results show that for low SNRs, the TFD based DOA estimation methods perform better, while for high SNR values, both conventional and TFD based approaches have similar performances.

The accurate understanding of Ahl al-Bayt’s Hadiths is an important issue that has been the focus of Hadith scholars for a long time. Considering that there are different interpretations of the Hadiths of “Wus’at Manzil (Expanding House Size)” in the society, this article intends to validate and correctly understand these Hadiths using the method of two famous Hadith scholars (Allama Majlisi and Mohammad Baqir Behboodi). According to Allama Majlisi's method, weak Hadiths can also be used to understand other Hadiths; But according to Mohammad Baqir Behboodi's method, until the Hadith document is not corrected, that Hadith cannot be considered as proof. For this reason, the dominant approach in Behboodi's Hadith research is to correct Hadiths chain. Of course, the review and analysis of the text cannot be ignored from him. Considering that the focus of the Behboodi's method is on correcting the document, if we take from the historical reports of the permission of the size of the house, the narrations of the size of the house indicate the permission of a large house in its general sense. On the other hand, according to the Hadiths that indicate having a home and sustenance as much as one needs and enough, as well as the Hadiths that recommend providing comfort for the family, according to Allama Majlisi's method, the sum of these Hadiths is that a Muslim person, for the comfort of his family, if he owns a small house, he should try to provide a bigger house - as much as he needs. Considering the fact that the Shia traditions do not conflict in this regard, the ruling “What agrees with the Sunnis, should be rejected” has no relevance regarding these Hadiths.

Since primary healthcare is a significant link in promoting and maintaining the health of the elderly, evaluating age-friendliness of service provision system is of great importance in ensuring the health of the elderly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the state of primary healthcare centers’ compliance with the standards of age-friendliness in Saveh city.

This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted on May and June 2022, in Saveh city, Markazi Province in Iran. The statistical population of the research included 33 primary healthcare centers selected by the census method and based on World Health Organization’s checklist regarding age-friendly primary healthcare centers (2008); they were examined by observation. After translating the checklist, its face validity, content validity, and reliability were reviewed and approved by 13 experts in the fields of health policy, health education and promotion, the elderly's health, occupational health engineering, and healthcare. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Tukey's post hoc test, and SPSS 16 software.

Regarding the psychometric analysis of checklist, based on the experts' opinions, the content validity ratio and content validity index were calculated and except for 8 items, all items scored higher than 0.54 and 0.79. In order to check the reliability, the research tool was provided to 2 observers. By calculating the Kappa coefficient, the agreement between the 2 observers was above 0.6, which indicates the validity of the checklist. This study showed that comprehensive health centers and their affiliated units had a 57.6 % access to public transportation and 72.7 % access to stairs at the front entrance. The entry was 100 % free from obstacles, access to parking was 42.4 %, access to public telephones, 18.2 %, to a reception counter near the entrance restrooms, 42.4 %, to waiting room, 78.8 %, to a dining area, 42.4 %, to stairs, 9.1 %, to corridor, 87.9 %, compliance with guiding signs, 66/7 %, visibility of the signs, 72.7 %, and personnel identification was 42.4 %. Also, based on the analysis of variance, a statistically significant difference was obtained between the type of centers (urban and rural) and friendliness towards the elderly (p < 0.05).

Primary healthcare centers of Saveh city did not have an acceptable compliance with the standards of age-friendly centers. The main issues are the number of stairs and the lack of alternatives (ramps and elevators) for people with mobility problems, the lack of facilities such as public telephones, and the inadequacy of guiding signs and personnel identification to identify employees. The government should strengthen and improve primary healthcare centers for the elderly and facilitate geographical access to these centers, considering the important role of these centers in the health of the elderly.

One of the most important events in the history of the Holy Quran is the unification of the Qur'anic Mushafs. This event is the product of Muslims' differences in reading the Qur'an and the solution offered to solve it. Although some research has been written on this subject and how to do it, but the background of this incident, the difference between Muslims, has been neglected and we do not see any research on it. This article researches the hadiths about the differences between Muslims in reading the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical method in order to first get acquainted with the historical background of this event, and secondly when and where did These differences happen, and Third What is the quality and quantity of these differences. By clarifying the quantity and quality of these differences and determining their examples and scope, it is clear whether this unification was necessary or not in relation to the Qur'an, and if it was necessary, it was done successfully or not. According to this research, First, many of the analyzes presented about unification of the Qur'anic Mushafs, although they are reasonable hypotheses, but the narrations we consider in this article do not confirm them; Secondly, in narrating the story of the difference between Muslims before the unification of the Mushafs, we witness the phenomenon of exaggeration; Thirdly, the peak of the differences was in the years 23 to 25 AH and these differences were limited both in terms of quantity and quality; Fourth, sometimes the difference was not due to different recitations, but some of the Companions, after seeing the attribution of the Qur'an to some people, were afraid of a difference like the difference between Jews and Christians among Muslims. fifth, the main reason for the differences between Muslims in the certain period of time was the differences between the Mus'haf of Ibn Mas'ud and others, which led to a severe confrontation between a limited minority and the majority of the Islamic community.

A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Methods & Materials:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07).

The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05).

To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system.

One of the results of the equal position of reason and narration in Ayatollah Javadi's view is that these two sources of knowledge, in addition to their exclusive domain, have a common domain that sometimes help each other and sometimes conflict with each other in the process of understanding, pondering and interpreting the Holy Quran. According to the authenticity of both sources in the religion of Islam, definitive conflict between these two is impossible and what has happened under this title and will be resolved is their primary conflict. By providing precise definitions of the mentioned terms, this article has tried to measure the ratio between reason and narration and explanation in the field of function, as well as how to use them in the process of understanding the Holy Qur'an.

The idea of segregation has always been associated with a narrativeism and anti-philosophy. Narrativeism can be seen in different intellectual trends such as Akhbārism in Shia and Salafism in Sunnis. But narrativeism in the recent period can also be examined in the form of the segregation school. As the founder of the Khorasan School of Education, known as the Segregation School, Mirza Mahdi Esfahani had a different approach to his opponents and many philosophical topics among which we can mention the distinction between philosophical argument and reason mentioned in the verses and traditions. He believes that Allah's authority over His servants is the enlightened intellect that distinguishes between right and wrong and discovers good and bad, not the dark argument which is unable to distinguish its materials. These approaches are the source of assigning the belief of narrativeism in the concept of anti-rationalism to the segregation school. The present article aims to explain the problems of Mirza Esfahani with the descriptive-analytical method, while explaining the views of the critics of the segregation school, and criticize and analyze the problems of critics in this regard.

One of the important topics in Quranic sciences is the discussion of different readings of the Quran .Many people think that Muslims' differences in reading the Qur'an began after the death of the Prophet of God .According to this belief, the reason for this difference is the lack of access of Muslims to the Prophet; Hence, Muslims did not differ in reading the Qur'an during the life of the Prophet of God. But according to the hadiths, Muslims disagreed over reading the Qur'an even at the time and place of the Prophet's life. This article wants to study these hadiths from a historical point of view with a descriptive-analytical method. First, describe the historical background of Muslims' differences in reading the Qur'an. Secondly, to determine the quantity and quality of the differences between Muslims in reading the Qur'an in the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his innocent family). According to this article, the time of Muslims' disagreement over reading the Qur'an was late in the life of the Prophet of God and mostly after the conquest of Mecca. The Companions differed on matters such as accent, some additions, quotation of synonyms, and even the number of verses of a surah. Most of these differences have continued even after referring to the Prophet.

Enmity is one of the most important factors in the defense of the religious society and revolutionary values against dangers and one of the most effective factors in preserving any religious revolution. In the stories of the Holy Qur'an, the types of actions of the enemy against the prophets and nations and how the prophets faced the enemy are also mentioned in order to be a model for other revolutionary and religious societies. According to hadiths, the people of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh) have many similarities with the people of Israel, and the events of the people of Israel will also happen in the nation of the Prophet of Islam. Therefore, knowing the social political actions of the enemy in the life of Prophet Moses helps to preserve the revolutionary identity of the society and the religious system, in general, and to protect the revolution and the system of the Islamic Republic, in particular. The research method in this article is descriptive- analytical. According to this research, the political-social actions of the enemy that are mentioned in various chapters and verses of the story of Prophet Moses are 1- Social actions: denying the validity of religion and religious people by denying them, accusing them. Religious leaders, spreading rumors and suspicions, mocking, making excuses, introducing the religious community as the cause of problems, spending a lot of money to confront the religious system and destroy the youth force. 2- Political measures: demagoguery and media war, trying to gain consensus against the religious community, threats, bribery, offering negotiations and military action. Knowing these factors, the religious government designs strategies to deal with the enemy and takes necessary measures in order to preserve the principles and revolutionary values of the society.

The present article critically rereads a part of the book "The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran" by the German orientalist Christoph Luxenberg with new reasonings. In the fifteenth chapter of the book, he presents an innovative reading of "Ḥūr ʿin" and other Qur'anic expressions that refer to "Virgins of Paradis" in the Islamic interpretive tradition. Claiming the use of linguistic method, he considers these interpretations to mean "White Grapes" that have been translated from Syriac into Arabic. Nevertheless, the study of the Qur'anic context shows the incompatibility of his hypotheses with other verses. Also, the claimed words have a long history in the poems of ignorant poets and are used in the same modern meanings in the beginning of Islam. In addition, numerous narrations suggest a similar view of this concept among early Muslims and Islamic scholars of later centuries, which Luxenberg denies. Additionally, criticisms of Luxenberg's book by other orientalists strongly support the invalidity of his claims by non-Muslim scholars.

"Security" is one of the most basic needs of human beings around the world. That's why the methods for providing security have received widespread attention from the Holy Qur'an. However, due to the long distance from the time of revelation of the Holy Qur'an, security is often confined to concepts such as fighting or verses such as Anfal/60, and other important aspects of this issue has been far from the view of Islamic scholars. Therefore, the present research is an attempt to (A) study one of the main, neglected sources of security in the context of revelation, namely kinship, based upon anthropological approach, and (B) review the most important parts of Qur'anic teachings in this respect. This study shows that the Holy Qur'an uses the capacity of social institutions including kinship to promote security. Moreover, The Holy Qur'an seizes opportunities in consanguinity, affinity and fiction kinship to establish peace and security in societies.

"New Government Management" is the title of a theory that focuses on law enforcement through organizational and management processes, especially in the last three decades. It seeks to rediscover the functions of government and change the structures and procedures of exercising public authority, as a model for planning an effective government. The initial basis for the discussion of this theory is the knowledge of public administration, but due to the close relationship between public administration and administrative law, it has gradually become a rooted issue in this branch of law. This theory seeks to form a modern government by moving away from the traditional model of management (public administration) and reducing the disadvantages of worn-out and dysfunctional management systems, by creating fundamental changes in the structure and procedures of implementation. Naturally, modern administrative law can not be indifferent to this new approach. With an analytical view, this research reflects the ideas of modern public administration in administrative law and has come to the conclusion that for the realization of new Government Management in Iran's administrative system, important components such as the principle of accountability, transparency, anti-corruption, participation-oriented, meritocracy, rule of law and decentralization, should be strengthened.

The Holy Qur'an has repeatedly used metaphors made from concepts that are related to the institution of transportation and its components in the context of revelation. The main example of these kinds of metaphors occurs in the final verses of Surah al-Ḥamd, in which the religious life of human beings is considered as a movement or travel. Providing a linguistic analysis, the present research is an attempt to (A) study the metaphors of Q. 1:6-7, and (B) reinterpret the Qur'anic concepts based upon Semitic etymology. This study shows that the Qur'anic phrase "al-Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm" refers to the paved way with intermediate stops, which, as a result, make it easy for travelers to navigate. Moreover, this study reveals that contrary to the prevalent exegetical views, the last verse of Surah al-Ḥamd refers to the three different types of travelers on the path of guidance metaphorically.

A lack of healthy nutrition first causes prediabetes and then overt diabetes, and every year about 5% to 10% of people with glucose intolerance develop type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to assess the factors affecting the consumption of healthy foods (CHF) based on the food pyramid among prediabetic women based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 99 prediabetic women selected from comprehensive healthcare centers in Arak, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, a TPB-based questionnaire, and a food consumption Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed through Spearman’s correlation and linear regression analyses.

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.07).

The Mean±SD score of diet behavior was 1.34±0.28 (in the possible range of 0-2). Around 41% of participants consumed sugary foods such as sweets and chocolate at least once a week and 35% at least once a month. Regression analysis shows that by increasing a standard deviation in the behavioral intention score, the behavior score of a healthy diet will increase by 0.22 standard deviation (P<0.05).

To achieve a healthy lifestyle in the individual at risk for a diabetics education program to increase perceived behavior and motivation for decision making for adherence to healthy food can be attention for policymakers in a health system.

Many social exemplary lessons can be deduced from the stories of the Holy Quran; while the commentators in the interpretation of the stories of the Qur'an have entered this field less. Prophets are the leaders of their community; therefore, the way people are invited, their confrontation with opponents and their reaction to cultural and social conditions can be a good example for the leaders and people of a religious community. In addition to explaining the verses from the point of view of commentators, this paper seeks to express the social lessons of the story of Prophet Noah in verses 59 to 64 of Surah A'raf. Prophet Noah's way of responding to the enemy's media war, the slander that "Mala" or nobles privileged persons hurled at him, and his serious compassion and enlightenment to prevent people from going astray, who become pessimistic about the religious community under the influence of the enemy's slanders. Among the lessons that are mentioned in this research are: Lessons that a religious society like the Islamic Republic of Iran can use. The research method in this study was descriptive- analytical and the method of collecting information was library and based on written and electronic sources. 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of big data and IoT analysis strategies to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in public organizations by considering the capabilities of big data analysis. This study evaluates data quality as a strategy for gaining a competitive advantage as interdisciplinary research while introducing the capabilities of big data analysis and the Internet of Things. In terms of philosophical foundations of research, this research is based on the paradigm of positivism, in terms of research approach, is quantitative, and in terms of research strategy, is part of survey research. Library and field resources were used in data collection. The statistical population of the research is unlimited and the statistical sample of this research includes 384 managers and specialists using random and convenience sampling methods from the statistical population of the research applying the Morgan table. To collect data in this study, a questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by experts as content validity using SPSS software, and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Also, fit indices and path analysis were evaluated using AMOS software. Research findings show that data quality should become part of the strategy to create value for government organizations. The ability to analyze big data also positively mediates the relationship between data quality and competitive advantage. On the other hand, strategic performance and financial management have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage.