محمودرضا مرتضوی

A complex truss is a structure consisting of triangular units made up of long, narrow components that are joined at the end by a joint. Such structures are widely used in construction and industrial structures due to their ability to transmit force in long distances and spans between supports. The force of members of complex trusses, unlike simple and compound trusses, cannot be calculated using equilibrium equations alone. In recent years, Henneberg and virtual work methods that follow similar principles have been used to analyze and calculate the force of members of obscure trusses, in order to calculate the force of the members, the complex trusses have to be analyzed twice, their calculations are very long and time consuming. In this new method, there is no need to analyze the complex truss two or more times, and in a shorter time by writing less equilibrium equations and with one analysis structure, the force of the complex truss members is obtained. Another advantage of this new method is the control of calculations performed in each step independently. In addition to certain complex trusses, this method also has the ability to analyze indeterminate complex trusses and so simple hinged frame with concentrated brace, which other methods do not have this capability. This new method the force of all members is obtained with one analysis of complex truss.

Having aimed at explaining the planning and decision-making of the media organization in the management of natural disasters, this study has clarified planning processes through a descriptive-explanatory method. The research findings indicated that media administrators must predict all probable crises, and plan to deal with all possible incidents. Media administrators are supposed to design certain plans of action for achieving the goals, and to get prepared and have plans even for unpredictable tasks and potential social crises. It seems necessary for planning in the field of news media, on the one hand, to identify the main components of the working groups of news message production, and on the other hand, consider the organizational objectives and the type of audiences and the crisis situations. Then, having the organizational objectives in mind, the messages can be managed to be delivered through appropriate means and channels.

In today’s world¡ the development of press is considered as one of the criteria of social-cultural development. The activity of press in propagation of news and cultural-training contents is one of the information products. Cultural journalism is used as an expression for media reports and discussions on culture¡ art¡ politics¡ general culture¡ cultural industries and recreation.
One of the training aspects of social media in cultural domain is describing the importance of cultural heritage for the audiences.
The social media can make the audiences (both people and policy makers) sensitive and responsible about caring and protecting the cultural heritages. Informing the people about the necessity of protecting the historical works and buildings by media depends on propagating the news containing information on the importance of historical works and buildings¡ and also covering the events which are about cultural heritages of our country.
Based on the official statistics of the organization of cultural heritages in Fars province¡ in this province¡ there are up to 3500 historical works and buildings which are registered in the Iran’s national works list¡ among them¡ 4 works are registered in UNESCO. The statistics shows that 9 percent of historical buildings of Iran are located in Fars province.
Historical buildings in Fars have experienced many damages in recent years¡ which are resulted from natural factors such as flood¡ precipitation and earthquake¡ or human interventions such as road construction and other developmental projects¡ which expose the historical building to destruction.
Destruction of historical buildings in Fars has been sometimes more extensive¡ such as road construction in Shiraz which have led to destruction of about 90 historical houses.
The present study tried to show how the local media in Shiraz manage the news on important events in this field. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the news propagated on this field from the viewpoint of their quality and quantity. We tried to find out how local newspapers in Shiraz covered the news on historical buildings from 2014 to 2015¡ what their content and structural properties were¡ and which aspects received the most attentions.
Theoretical basics and research Social media defines democracy¡ and they can introduce people of the society as predictable ones¡ or otherwise¡ as people who participate in the affairs of a capitalist society. The social communication institution has been considered as a channel for defining culture¡ politics and economy in a society since the formation of western civilization. The media gives meaning to the body and image of a society¡ and contributes to showing the people as a group. In fact¡ today no one can imagine a society without media. The theoretical fundamental of this research was based on theories such as representation theory of Stewart Hall¡ news goal keeping¡ and the theory of outstanding. The methodology of tis research was quantitative content analysis.
Seven topics were defined for the present study. The indigenous thoughts were considered for collecting the topics¡ and news content was defined according to the local extension of news. It seems that content analysis is the best method for studying the function of the intended media because studying the details of propagated news can represent a clear image of a newspaper function. The statistical population of the present study was the news propagated in local newspaper of Shiraz including Afsaneh¡ Sobhan¡ Khabar-e-Jonoob¡ Asr-e-Mardom and NimNegah from 2014 to 2015. The authors studied variables as properties of massage and text. Validity and reliability of the research were also studied¡ and Scott coefficient of 0.89 was obtained.
Findings: The results showed that the newspaper Khabar-e-Jonoob¡ which had 113 news pieces on a given subject¡ had the highest plenitude in content production¡ and Sobhan newspaper¡ with nine news¡ had the lowest news. Our findings show that the most news on historical works are related to destruction of historical buildings¡ and the least news were about historical cities. Moreover¡ all studied newspapers¡ except Khabar-e-Jonoob¡ do not have a specific paper for propagating the news on cultural heritages¡ and they present the related news on general pages. Our findings show that governmental institutions and general public were introduced as the main causes of historical works destruction in the newspapers.
Discussions and the supervision role of media is not only important at the time of occurrence of an event¡ but also after the event and also before that. We found that when a destruction in historical works and buildings occur¡ the newspaper just report the event just like an ordinary observer after the accident¡ while they are responsible to monitor the changes in the field of historical works¡ and decisions of government on prevention of such destruction¡ and they should have an active role in producing the media content. In this way¡ the newspapers cannot play a significant role in stopping the destructions. We also observed that in all five studied newspapers¡ the events about historical building destruction in Fars are just reported after the accident occurrence¡ and the reporters do not follow them.
Achievements of the study: Our findings showed that the audiences receive the least amount of information from the local newspapers of Fars about events such as destruction of Fars cultural-historical works. It indicates the presence of many defects in the process of news goal keeping. The lack of special papers for tourism in Fars local newspapers shows that they do not follow the cultural heritage journalism skillfully¡ and they have not been successful in presenting sufficient information to their audiences¡ while they are working in a city¡ which possess a large part of Iran’s historical heritage and monuments.

The basic question of this article is to identify the organizational and cultural issues in the development of communication and its fundamental question is whether 82 to 92 years Scholar document cultural objectives have been achieved or not? The advantage of this development and 54 percent pointed to a lack of understanding of the needs of the authorities claiming that underdevelopment. Meanwhile, %46 believe there is no appropriate interaction between institutions, 77 percent of the development of the field and %100 of haphazard and non knew little development to further the development of the qualitative assessment. In the years of good growth, but in cases such as the number of books published, licensed publications, numerous governmental and non-synchronized Exclusive stay IRIB and centers have not been successful and there is the prospect of the distance stated in the document.

Effective management of news in media organization embraces a set of planning and decision-making methods which help control crises and encourage public participation which, in turn, results in the reduction of damages caused by them. As a kind of crisis, natural disasters disrupt economic and social activities at a limited or extensive extent and need some kind of planning so that the resulting crises can be controlled. To accomplish this, the managers and staff of media organization and their audiences need three types of information and knowledge to act properly in the face of crises: 1) knowledge of the problem, 2) knowledge of the limitations and 3) knowledge of the level of engagement. Benefiting from the activities of the mass media and gaining access to “recognition of the level of engagement” using the analytic and reasoning method, the present article deals with the examination and processing of information and news aimed at controlling and managing crises and reasonably dealing with natural disasters and crises and having the public participate in such important incidents.

fast and accurate information about the effectiveness of training in physical and mental health issues are considered medium duty. But it seems the media; especially local media are unaware of their duty. Research aims to attitude of the general public and health professionals on the role of media in the health field as well as their performance in the areas of pay. In this cross - sectional study population and public health experts Yazd who had 211 samples (experts) 246 people (ordinary people) were enrolled. Instrument was a questionnaire that collected information. Questionnaire After establishing the validity and reliability of the preliminary investigation stage to collect the required data was used in the final stage. Questionnaire contained a number of questions open and the study variables measure the. For analysis and statistical software SPSS By descriptive statistics and Chi-square test and U Whitney on 0/05 is used. A total of 368 participants in the study, 48/4% male and 51/6% female 19/6 cent singles and 80/4 percent of them are married. Both the public and professionals involved Local media on various topics such as health, agreed and there were no significant differences between the two groups. (P> 0.05). The only improvement in individuals false imagery the media's role in the health of local experts who evaluated more than ordinary people (P <0.05). Between ordinary people and experts perspective on public participation in the local media Yazd, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). The people and experts believe that the media can play an important role in achieving public participation in the health field, but both groups had poor performance that shows current local media to assure in this area should be.

The main purpose of the present study is to examine the role of TV satellite programs on family cohesion in Yazd city. The study was conducted as a survey. The sample size of divorce of people were 211 and for married ones were 323. Those divorced respondents were selected using stratified sampling and married respondents were selected using random sampling. The instrument used here was a questionnaire; Thus the validity and reliability of the scale assessed through Cronbach alpha and factor analysis. Cronbach alpha was more than 0.7 in all of construct variables. The score mean of negative effect of satellite in family cohesion was more than average. The findings show that there were a reverses and significant relationships between uses of satellite programs and attitude toward negative effect of satellite on family cohesion and the relationship between parents and children. Divorced ones and those who did not use the satellite had a negative attitude towards the impact of satellites on family more than others comparatively.

Competition is one of the effective elements in rising (quantitatively and qualitatively) production of goods, services and satisfaction of consumers. The Press should also be seen as cultural goods. The press organizations as services organization try to increase their income and their portion in media market, so they use different ways for competition with other mass media. This kind of competition has different dimensions which include, keeping audiences, attracting new audiences, producing special topics, news overtaking, selling more, absorbing more advertising and increasing dition. Because of being in the competitive situation and being able to produce, distribute and sell their contents more, the Press should make their organization conditions more dynamic. So they should follow both investigative and Interpretative
journalism, job security of staff especially the journalists. In the other hand, the environment of the organization should be support by union and establish training courses for media managers and journalists, changing the authority of governmental press agencies to private organizations, the implementation of the Constitution, and press constitution for job security of journalism. Survey research method is the method which is used in this paper. And we investigatethe view of managers of five famous newspapers. In this research the method of journalism (investigative and interpretative journalism), job security, privatization and specialization management in media competition space is very effective and professional media management.

Media war during fighting between Russia and Georgia in the south Ossetia in 2008 included two different strategies. First strategy was based on targeted persuasion aimed to direct and manage public opinion which has been developed during last century throughout academic studies and experience of western scholars in the field of psychological war. Media in west used this method against Russia resulting many advantages and successes for Georgia. On the other side, Russia undertook second strategy rooted into a narrow minded, fixed and singled dimension approach which was based on governmental organized mass communication and mass media. This method of managing communication and media had been shaped by the media culture remained from previous communist administration which prevented Russia to respond effectively in different situations during the war in production, process, distribution and evaluation of the war of information to meet the expectations in the new century.