مرتضی زمانیان

This study investigates the perceptions of Iranians regarding energy subsidies, specifically exploring the key obstacles to reforming gasoline subsidies. Through a mixed-methods approach combining focus groups and two social surveys, this research identifies the primary concerns of the general public regarding subsidy reforms. The results reveal that individuals' resistance to subsidy reform is rooted in uncertainty about the government's motivations for the gasoline subsidy reform and the way in which benefits would be distributed. Notably, the central obstacle to successful reform is the government's dominant role in setting prices and redistributing resources, leading to a price shock. To address this challenge, this study proposes a policy recommendation: establishing an exchange market with a floating price for gasoline, while allocating a tradable quota to diminish the government's central role in the reform process. By democratizing the reform process and redistributing benefits, this approach aims to increase public acceptance and support for gasoline subsidy reforms in Iran.

Student mobilization, as one of the most important social movements that plays an effective role in various scientific, political, social, cultural and economic developments of the country, needs accurate targeting, determination of specific strategies and programs that enable students to work in various fields of science and Practice and guide their capacities in the direction of fulfilling the missions set by the Iranian Islamic model of progress. The nature of this student movement reflects the non-profit organizational characteristics, so the literature of the article is based on the literature of voluntary non-profit organizations. In nonprofits, the concept of mission is considered as the most fundamental element at the beginning of the strategic planning process. In organizations that are in the process of being established, this concept is interpreted as the formulation of a mission, and in other organizations it is interpreted as reforming the existing mission and achieving the desired mission. The present article examines the existing mission of the student mobilization and based on a qualitative method, based on a comparative study with international voluntary organizations, systematic analysis and the opinions of experts and stakeholders, has provided the desired mission. The general model is a combination of Bryson's and Hux's models, which have been modified in various sections to localize it in student mobilization. Accordingly, the four missions of force training, general role-playing, specialized development and specialized role-playing have been proposed for student mobilization.