مرتضی سدهی

Anxiety is one of the most important symptoms after orthopedic surgery which can have various side effects and negatively affect the process of recovery after surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of Melissa Officinalis tea and Matricaria Chamomilla tea on anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

This was a randomized controlled trial which was conducted on 96 patients after lower-limb orthopedic surgery in Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Patients were selected with convenience sampling method and allocated to either Melissa Officinalis, Chamomile or control group. For Melissa Officinalis group, 1g of Melissa tea, for Chamomile group 1g chamomile tea and for control group black tea was prescribed 3 times a day. Anxiety of participants was evaluated before start of interventions and after each step of interventions using Spielberger’s state anxiety inventory. The mean score of anxiety before interventions and the mean changes of anxiety score after each step of interventions compared between groups. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software.

the results of Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that after the second step of interventions till the last step, the mean change of anxiety score in Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile group was significantly greater than in the control group (P<0.05).   

The results of this study show that prescription of Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile tea is effective in reducing anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Nonparametric regression can usually be used when the distribution of the dependent variable does not follow the property of normality. In this study, due to the nature of the variables, a bivariate Capula regression model was used to identify the factors affecting the liver enzymes (ALT and AST) and the relationship between these enzymes. This type of regression is suitable when the response variables have a relatively high degree of skewness and interdependence.

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 2000 participants in the Shahrekord cohort study were randomly selected. To achieve the Capula regression model, the inverse Gaussian margin distribution and the Gumble joint function were selected according to the Akaike criterion. Gamlss, Copula, and Ggrm statistical packages were used in the R software.
(Ethic code: 3316)

According to the findings, some variables were identified as effective factors on the concentration of ALT and AST enzymes through marginal distribution parameters and Capula function. Blood urea, triglyceride, GGT, ALP, and BMI had a nonlinear and significant effect on the mean concentration of the ALT enzyme. The BMI, GGT, ALP, LDL, and HDL (nonlinearly), as well as blood urea (linearly), had a significant effect on the mean concentration of AST enzyme. Finally, the variables of BMI, triglycerides, GGT, and ALP affect the relationship between the concentration levels of the liver enzymes (ALT and AST).

Using this model, in addition to identifying the effective factors, it is possible to distinguish between linear and nonlinear relationships between independent and dependent variables.

The birth of a premature baby can change all the emotions of parents and replace stress. It is necessary to identify the factors that aggravate and relieve maternal stress and adopt strategies to reduce it. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supportive care program based on Bandura’s self-efficacy on aggravating and stress relieving factors of mothers of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

A quasi-experimental study was performed in 2020 on 90 mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a Hospital in Shahrekord by convenience sampling method. The experimental group has received an educational intervention based on the theory of self-efficacy in four two-hour sessions with the presentation of an educational booklet. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire before and after the intervention in both groups and were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 performing paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square.

The results showed that the mean score of stressors in mothers of preterm infants in the control group decreased from 42.73 ± 6.26 to 42.62 ± 7.09, which was not statistically significant (P= 0.906) while in the experimental group it was decreased from 48.78 ± 4.36 to 25.33 ± 4.84, which was statistically significant (P <0.001). The mean score of soothing agents for mothers of preterm infants increased from 2.98 ± 2.61 to 3.07 ± 2.29 in the control group which was not statistically significant (P = 0.415) and in the experimental group it was increased from 4.51±1.72 to 7.29 ± 1.16, which was statistically significant (P <0.001).

Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to implement interventions to make parents of premature infants, especially mothers ready to face the baby in the intensive care unit.

Emergency department nurses experience a high level of stress due to the nature of their occupation. In order to improve the quality of nursing care, the reduction of nurses’ occupational stress is crucial. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of psychological empowerment on occupational stress among emergency department nurses.

This clinical trial was conducted on 80 emergency department nurses in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord, Iran. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and randomly allocated to intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. For the intervention group, the psychological empowerment program was presented in eight educational, supportive, and counseling workshops. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected using the Osipow Occupational Stress Questionnaire before and one month after the interventions and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics in SPSS software (version 21).

Before the interventions, the two study groups had no statistically significant difference in the mean scores of occupational stress. After the interventions, the mean score of occupational stress in the intervention group significantly reduced and the mean score of occupational stress was significantly different between the two study groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean changes in occupational stress scores in the intervention group were significantly greater than those reported for the control group (P<0.05).

Psychological empowerment reduces occupational stress among emergency department nurses. The results of the present study can be beneficial for hospital managers in order to improve the quality of nursing care.

Acute coronary syndrome is the most common cardiovascular disorder. Hope and optimism lead to adaptation to and moderation of the damaging effects of depressed mood on the outcome of this disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive psychology-based audio messages on hope and optimism among patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods & Materials:

 In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 84 patients with acute coronary syndrome were assigned to either intervention or control groups in Shahrekord educational hospitals in 2017-2018. The intervention group received audio messages based on positive psychology and cardiovascular self-care, and control group only received self-care messages in two hospital admissions and six weeks after discharge. The Life Orientation Test-Revised and the Snyderchr('39')s Hope Scale were completed before the intervention, at the discharge time, one week and six weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed by c² and Fisher exact tests and analysis of variance using the SPSS software version 20.

No significant difference is observed in the mean score of hope before the intervention and at the discharge time. However, the mean score of hope was significantly different between the two groups, one week and six weeks after the intervention (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean score of optimism between the two groups before the intervention. Nevertheless, difference in the mean score of optimism was significant at the discharge time (P=0.027), one week and six weeks after the intervention (P<0.001).

Positive psychology-based messages improve hope and optimism in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Therefore, this intervention is recommended along with other treatments.

Urinary stones are the third most common genital tract disease after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most common treatment for more than half of all kidney stones. Most patients experience pain during the surgery, despite the use of pain killer after ESWL. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prayer on pain in the patients who underwent ESWL.

This clinical trial was performed on 120 patients who were referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran, for ESWL in 2018. Patients were divided into two experimental and control groups. In addition to the reception of routine care, the test group repeated the prayer “peace be upon Mohammad and his descendants” during ESWL. However, the control group only received routine care. The pain score was determined using McGill Pain Questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through descriptive statistics and t-test.

The scores of pain variations in the prayer (intervention) and control groups were estimated at -11.10±10.13 and -1.85±8.67, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the Tukey test, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain variations (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean drug use in the control and experimental groups (P=0.01).

This study showed that prayer therapy reduced the pain of the patients who underwent ESWL.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation program using a mobile application on activity tolerance, fatigue, and dyspnea in patients with acute myocardial infarction in hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2018.

In a randomized clinical trial study, 100 patients with acute myocardial infarction were selected in two groups of control (50) and test (50). In test group, the application of cardiac rehabilitation with weekly monitoring, medication reminders, tests, exercise, warning in case of shortness of breath and fatigue and chest pain, increase or decrease in blood pressure and heart rate, family education, risk factors, and reducing smoking was implemented for 8 weeks. For the control group, routine hospital trainings were performed. At the end of the rehabilitation program, data related to patients' physical activity scores, fatigue, and shortness of breath were analyzed at the beginning and end of the intervention, as well as between the two groups.

After the intervention, physical activity in the experimental group with a mean of 3.92 ± 1.23 was significantly higher than the control group with the mean of 2.90 ± 1.28 (P < 0.001). Moreover, fatigue and dyspnea in the experimental group with a mean of 3.57 ± 1.15 and 3.48 ± 2.73, respectively, were significantly less than the control group with the mean of 4.02 ± 1.17 and 4.66 ± 3.48, respectively (P < 0.050).

The implementation of cardiac rehabilitation program via mobile application relieved fatigue and dyspnea, and improved activity tolerance in patients with myocardial infarction.

Students' academic counseling has been emphasized as one of the duties of faculty members. The reason for students’ dissatisfaction and not having positive opinion about the performance of advisors in many studies would be the inadequate information of the advisers from the educational regularities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the awareness of the advisers about educational regulations and their performance status.

In this study, 120 academic advisers were selected through census sampling method to participate in the study. Their awareness was determined by a self-made questionnaire consisting of 18 parts and was developed according to educational regulations. The advisors’ performance was based on a questionnaire prepared by the Deputy of Education of the university. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and indicators of Mean, Percent and Pearson correlation test.

In 13 sections out of 18 on educational regulations, the awareness of the advisers was relatively favorable and in 5 sections it was quite desirable. The university officials reported a favorable status in most cases and in only one case "holding at least 3 student group sessions for a semester" the status was unfavorable.

In most cases, the academic advisers’ awareness was relatively approving and their performance was quite favorable. Only in the case of "holding group counseling sessions" the performance was undesirable. To keep advisors more informed, it is recommended that their awareness of educational regulations be evaluated at the end of each year and the grade of this assessment be included in the general evaluations.

ICU is one of the vital departments in the hospital to reduce mortality and morbidity. The department where nurses face complex situations that require decision-making skills. In fact, problem solving is an important and complex issue clinical practice, and decision-making is an important indicator. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of SBAR-based patient safety education program on nurseschr('39') clinical decision making in intensive care unit nurses.

The quasi-experimental study was performed on 60 nurses working in intensive care units of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran in 1398. The subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (30 people each). For the experimental group, five SBAR-based training program was held (Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation). Data were collected using Lori et al. (2001) clinical decision making questionnaire before and one month after the intervention respectively. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance in SPSS software (version 22).

According to the findings, the clinical decision-making score of the test group nurses before the intervention was 69.1± 5.44 and after the intervention was 80.8 ± 7.22 (P<0.001). In the control group, it was 70.6 ±6.94 before intervention and 71.1 ± 6.72 after intervention (P = 0.214). The rate of changes in the experimental group was 11.7 ± 3.79 and in the control, group was 0.53 ± 2.3. The results of the study showed that the implementation for the patient safety-training program based on SBAR technique had a significant effect on the mean score of clinical decision making of nurses.

The program training based on SBAR technique is effective on nurses chr('39')clinical decision-making. Therefore, it is suggested that HEC and planners benefit from this technique.

Nowadays the use of mobile health technology to improve health is a great opportunity for developing countries, to have a more efficient health system by telemedicine education. So the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile-based self-care application on the balance of people with multiple sclerosis.

The present study is a clinical trial study performed in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 2019. The study units were selected by convenience sampling and were divided into two groups of experimental and control. At first, balance level of the patients was measured by Tinetti (Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment) questionnaire. Then, for the experimental group, the self-care application was installed on their cell phone and for two months was used by patients. The control group received no intervention during this period. The application usage rate was measured by self-report checklists. After two months balance level was again measured in both groups. Data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 software and chi-square and independent and paired t-test.

Participants in two groups had no significant difference in terms of demographic characteristics and underlying variables including: Age (P = 0.736), age groups (P = 0.955), gender (P = 0.722), education (P = 0.880), marital status (P = 0.358), and occupation (P = 0.172). Before intervention, the mean of balance score was 10.61 ± 3.78 in the control group and 10.55 ± 2.96 in the experimental group, that was not statistically significant (P = 0.945). It was while, two months after intervention the mean balance score in the control group was 10.52 ± 3.63 and in the experimental group was 12.00 ± 2.47 and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.049).

The results show that implementation mobile-based self-care applications is effective in improving the balance of the patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, mobile applications of this supportive method could be useful to manage their disease and to obtain self-care skills.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thinking distraction on the anxiety severity in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the ESWL department of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord.

This is a clinical trial study that was conducted in 2018 in 120 patients referred to Ayatollah Keshāni Hospital in Shahrekord for the purpose of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Patients were selected through convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups  in a quasi-random method. In addition to routine care, the test group received the natural sound of the event along with its beautiful scenery, and the control group received routine care only. The patient's anxiety was measured based on the Spielberger questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and t test.

Mean anxiety score changes in distraction receiver group, - 21/56± 98   and in the control group was -5/21± 8/12. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the control group and group receiving the thinking distraction  .

distraction method is effective in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing extracorporeal lithotripsy and can be used to manage pain in the future.

The effect of emotional intelligence on the success of individuals in health care organizations is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Benson relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation on emotional intelligence of nurses in special departments.

In this clinical trial study, 105 nurses of the intensive care units of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord during 2018-2019, were randomly divided into two groups: Benson's progressive muscle relaxation and relaxation intervention group (35 people) and one group Control (35 people). The Benson relaxation intervention group performed Benson relaxation exercises for up to 20 minutes once a day for three months. The progressive muscle relaxation intervention group performed relaxation exercises for 45 minutes during three months on a daily basis. The data was collected through questionnaire of Shirring Emotional Intelligence and demographic information that was completed in three groups during before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 18 and with significant level (P= 0.05).

Based on the results of ANOVA test with repeated measurement, the mean scores of emotional intelligence before and immediately after intervention in the progressive muscle relaxation group were significantly different (P= 0.008), while this difference was not significant in the control group (P = 0.515). It was also found that the mean score of emotional intelligence in Benson relaxation group was not significant before and immediately after the intervention (P = 0.345), while before and three months after intervention in Benson relaxation group was significant (P = 0.002).

The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation and Benson have a beneficial effect on emotional intelligence and can be implemented and educated as useful tools for improving the emotional intelligence of nurses in critical care units.

Usually, in the toxicological studies of airborne particulate pollutants, inhalation exposure chambers are used for providing and distributing the test atmosphere uniformly and stability in the respiratory zone of laboratory animals. The purpose of this study was to design, evaluate and optimize a whole-body exposure chamber, specifically for small laboratory animals exposed to particulate matter.
In the first, the papers and scientific resources which had provided the technical details and performance of the inhalation exposure chambers were studied, and the advantages, disadvantages and those factors affecting their performance were extracted. Then the assumptions of the initial design of the chamber were prepared with regard to the principles of fluid dynamics and the standard conditions of lab animal housing. To create a uniform distribution of particles inside the chamber, guide plates of flow were used in the upper cone. Numerical simulation and ANSYS Fluent software were used to optimize the initial design. Drawing geometry of the chambers was done using Design modeler software and meshing of the computational field using ANSYS meshing software. The particles used had a mean aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm, spherical, inert, and a density of 1,400 kg. m^-3 and entered the chamber at the carrier gas velocity. Particle concentration was measured in the chambers along the cylindrical radius at 10 cm intervals on the x-axis. Then the percentage of variation coefficient of the particle concentration for each line was calculated. In the final analysis of the results, the geometry design with the lowest coefficient of variation of particle concentration along the selected sampling line was selected as the best chamber design.
The optimized inhalation chamber has a dynamical flow and consists of a cylinder with two upper and lower cones. The flow enters from the upper cone and after passes through the guide plates, distributes in the interior of the chamber and exits from the lower cone. The k-ε turbulence and Discrete Phase Models could have modeled this problem. Design No. 7 was optimal design with the lowest coefficient of variation of the concentration (4.08%).
The numerical simulation method for planning and optimizing of the chambers, at a much lower cost than the empirical methods, was able to provide comprehensive information on the solution field. The analysis of this information led to the selection of the best chamber design to provide uniform concentration of the particles in the respiratory region of the animals.

Inadequate ventilation with mask and difficult intubation are the most common adverse respiratory outcomes in patient undergoing anesthesia .The aim of this study was to compare Mallampati test in different sitting positions in traditional approach and during phonation for predicting difficult laryngoscopy and intubation in candidates for surgery.

In this diagnostic value study on 385 patients, in different positions and sitting with open mouth and closed mouth, Mallampati test was examined by a blind person regarding the condition of the mallmpati, laryngoscopy grade, and the severity of intubation. The results of these four positions of mallampati were compared in predicting laryngoscopy grade and the severity of intubation.

All mallampati test scenarios had acceptable diagnostic value (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the Mallampati test in supine position with open mouth was lower than in other cases, and in the both positions of sitting with abeslang and supine with open mouth, diagnostic values were not suitable for assessing difficult and comfortable mask ventilation (P > 0.050). Mallampati test accuracy in supine position with open mouth was less than other positions. However, with a low accuracy, this position had the highest sensitivity (100%). The negative predictive value in all mallampati test cases was higher than 98%, and the positive predictive value of sitting with open mouth was higher than other positions with the value of 4.7%.

 According to the results of this study, the Malamapati test in the position of supine with abeslang was better in determining the severity of laryngoscopy and intubation.</div>

Bipolar disorder is severe, chronic, pleomorphic and often recurrent, which can lead to severe abnormalities in lif's function. The purpose of this study was to determine some factors related to the time interval between relapse in bipolar disorder.
In a retrospective study, 606 patients with bipolar disorder at Avicenna hospital in Mashhad were collected. In this study, 329 patients with at least one relapse of bipolar disorder were included. Survival time was defined as elapsed time from discharge to readmission due to relapse of disease. These patients wereadmitted from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2009 due to their illness and were include in the study and followed until the end of 2013. The log-skew-normal accelerated failure time model was fitted to identify the factors related to the time of relapse. Estimation of parameters was obtained based on the Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm by Open BUGS.
The estimate of mean and median time between discharge and readmission were 25.6 and 15 months, respectively. Age, family history, drug use, and gender had a significant association with the time of relapse, such that, male, younger patients, drug users, and positive family history of disease experienced a recurrence of disease earlier. With the mentioned variables in the model, stress and education were not associated with the recurrence of disease.
Given that the time interval from discharge to recurrence of type 1 bipolar disorder is low in men, young people, family history of positive and drug users, it is recommended to identify strategies to prevent relapse or delay in these groups.

Treatment has a major effect on attacks in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of used drug on occurrence and number of attacks in patients with multiple sclerosis.
In this cross-sectional study, 1815 patients with multiple sclerosis referred to Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Isfahan, Iran, whose information was recorded in iMED software and followed at least for 34 months, were included. The effect of the type of drug on occurrence and number of attacks was determined using Negative Binomial Hurdle model by R software.
Findings: The type of drug had a significant effect on the occurrence of attack; so that, compared to interferon beta-1a (muscle), interferon beta-1a (subcutaneous), fingolimod, glatiramer acetate and azathioprine were less effective, especially for relapsing-remitting types. Interferon beta-1b and glatiramer acetate had more and less effective on the occurrence of the attack in women and men, respectively. In women, fingolimod drugs, glatiramer acetate, and azathioprine had less effect on the number of attacks, respectively. The effect of age was significant on the occurrence and number of attacks in men and women, and both the recurrence and progressive clinical course.
Younger patients had more occurrences of attacks. Interferon beta-1a (muscle) has a better performance than other drugs in reducing occurrence of attacks. In women, patients taking interferon beta-1b had fewer attacks compared to patients taking interferon beta-1a (muscle). In men, patients taking interferon beta-1a (muscle) had fewer attacks than those taking glatiramer acetate.

Colored wastewaters are highly toxic for animals, human and habitat areas and cause several diseases in humans such as allergy, cancer and mutation. This study was aimed to remove of acid blue 113 color with application of UV/H2O2 with nano-catalyst of Fe3O4. Optimization of the process was investigated using experiment design methodology.
In this experimental study, in order to study the effective parameters such as initial concentration of acid blue 113 (AB 113), pH, contact time, amounts of hydrogen peroxide and nano-catalyst Fe3O4 in removal of acid blue 113 and finding optimal conditions was investigated using of response surface methodology. Data were analyzed using design experiment software.
Optimum conditions of removal including initial concentration of AB113 dye 62.3 mg/L, pH 3.83, contact time 29.5 minutes, the amount of hydrogen peroxide 31.53 mmol/L and concentration of Fe3O4 1.81 g/L were obtained for maximum removal efficiency of 95.51%. The removal efficiency by increasing H2O2, contact time and catalyst concentration increased and with increasing of initial dye concentration and pH was decreased.
The results showed that the removal amount of AB113 dye from synthetic wastewater using UV/H2O2/Fe3O4 process obtained 95.51% in optimal condition. Therefore, this method has an effective potential in AB113 removal and can be applied for removal of this dye from industrial wastewater.

With the development of society and people's lifestyle changes/ the use of disposable containers has become inevitable. The use of these containers threatens public and personal health. At present/ Iran is among the 5 countries with the highest use of these containers in the world. This study is conducted to measure the concentrations of heavy metals including lead/ chromium and copper in disposable containers used in Shahrekord City.
For this purpose/ three disposable container samples including foam/ plant/ and plastic were provided from each company. The total number of collected samples was 72 samples were collected from three different companies.. The samples are extracted based on ISIRI standard and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. SPSS was used to statistically analyse the obtained data.
The mean concentrations of heavy metals in these containers for copper/ chromium and lead based on foam/ plant and plastic were (8.19/ 7.4/ 0.83- 4.5/ 6.04/ 3.33 and 3.73/ 7.09/ 0) based on the type of container glass/ food container and spoon (5.55/ 6.07/ 2.55- 5.26/ 7.48/ 2 and 4.32/ 6.75/ 0)/ and Iranian/ Ghaem and Kiyani in terms of brand (5.36/ 2.46/ 1.56- 5.68/ 10.76/ 1.68 and 4.35/ 7.1/ 1.12) per kg (mg / kg) of dry weight respectively.
The comparison of the amount of metals in disposable containers showed that the average concentration of lead compared to the maximum recommended amount of lead (2 mg.kg) is within the standard limits. And the average concentration of chromium in disposable containers is higher than the maximum recommended amount (1 mg.kg). No certain standard is determined for copper.

Pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water resources, in addition to the threat for environmental health, spread of bacterial resistance in aqueous environments. In this study, ciprofloxacin removal by photo Fenton oxidation process and optimization of the removal conditions was evaluated using response surface methodology.
In this experimental study, in optimum pH=3, the effect of initial concentration of ciprofloxacin (50-250 mg/L), contact time (10-60 min), the amount of iron nitrate (0.1-0.5 mM) and the amount of H2O2 (1-12 mM), mole ratio of reactants of the antibiotic removal per central composite design by Design Expert software was evaluated. For statistical analysis of data, ANOVA test and P-value was used. Ciprofloxacin concentrations were measured using HPLC.
The results showed that removal efficiency by increasing concentrations of ciprofloxacin decreased and with increasing the amount of ferric nitrate, hydrogen peroxide and exposure time increased. In central composite design method, maximum removal efficiency (85.8%) in pH= 3, was obtained with concentration 88.5 mg/l ciprofloxacin, 0.35 mM iron nitrate, 11.54 mM H2O2 and exposure time of 57 min and molar ratio of H2O2 to Fe (III) were [11.54]/ [0.35]. Investigation revealed kinetics terms showed that the removal of ciprofloxacin with (R2= 0.953) was followed second order rate.
The results obtained from this research indicated that photo Fenton- like process is effective way to remove ciprofloxacin from wastewater and with optimization affecting factors; this method can be used for wastewater treatment with antibiotic.

Dye is one of the most important pollutants in textile industry wastewater and is often toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. Thus, dye contaminants should be treated before discharge into the environment. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of Glycyrrhiza glabra ash in Reactive Black 5 dye removal from aqueous solutions.
The present experimental study was performed at a laboratory scale. The adsorbent was prepared under laboratory conditions and pulverized using ASTM standard sieves. In this research, the effect of pH (2-12), initial dye concentration (20, 60, and 80 mg/l), absorbent dosage (0.3-2 gr/100 ml), and reaction time (10-180 minutes) were investigated.
Findings: The results showed that the efficacy of Glycyrrhiza glabra root ash in dye removal decreased with increase in pH and initial dye concentration, and increased with increase in exposure time during the initial 60 minutes. The results followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0. 9467).
The results showed that licorice root ash has desirable efficacy (98.48% removal at a concentration of 20 mg of pollutant) in the removal of Reactive Black 5 dye from aqueous solutions and textile industry wastewater.

When it is desired to examine occurrence of two events simultaneously, it is common to use bivariate statistical models such as bivariate logistic regression. Due to the limitations of classical methods in real situations, other methods such as artificial neural networks (ANN) are concerned. The aim of this study was comparing the predictive accuracy of bivariate logistic regression and artificial neural network models in diagnosis of death occurrence and heart block in myocardial infarction patients.
Material and In this study, data was taken from a census in a cross-sectional study in which 263 patients with myocardial infarction cases who admitted to Hajar hospital heart care in 2013 to 2014. Gender, type of stroke, history of diabetes, previous history of hypertension, lipid disorders, history of heart disease, cardiac output fraction, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting and non-fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density cholesterol, smoking, type of treatment, the troponin enzymes and insurant type were considered as explanatory variables and occurrence of death and heart block were used as dependent variables. Bivariate logistic regression and neural network model was fitted. Both models were predicted and the accuracy of them were compared. Models were fitted by MATLAB2013a and Zelig in R3.2.2.
Predictive accuracy of bivariate logistic regression model was 77.7% for the training and 78.48% for the test data. In ANN model, LM and OSS algorithms had best performance with 83.69% and 83.15% predictive accuracy for training data and 84.81% and 83.54% for testing data, respectively.
This research showed that the neural network method is more accurate than bivariate logistic regression to joint predicting the occurrence of death and heart block in patients with myocardial infarction.

Blood and its products have a special role in healthy system of any country. The aim of this study was to modeling the number of blood donor deferral and detecting its main factors based on zero-inflated count regression models.
The data used in this study were drawn from a longitudinal study in which 864 first-time donors were followed up for a maximum five years, from 2008 to 2013. The response variable was the number of blood donor deferral during five years. Also, sex, weight, age, marital status, education and job were used as independent variables. For analyzing data, two zero-inflated Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used by Bayesian technique. Assessment of models was carried done using Marko chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMC) by WinBUGS. Comparison of models was done using deviance information Bayesian criterion (DIC).
Based on the results of DIC, the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model had smaller DIC and was selected as better model. The body weight had a significant positive effect on the number of blood donor deferral.
Donors with higher body weight returned to donation more, so, their deferral number was higher. Therefore, training and informing can reduce their blood deferral numbers.

This paper investigates cyanide photodestruction (at pH 9) using the S, N-TiO2 photocatalyst synthesized by the sol-gel method and stabilized on glass microbeads. The main raw materials were thiourea, as a source of N and S, and tetra butyl ortho titanate. The effects of S and N doses, visible light (a 400W light), sunlight, irradiation time, and different initial cyanide concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) were studied on cyanide photodestruction. Cyanide concentration was measured by the titration method and the photocatalyst film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. XRD patterns and SEM images were used to determine the nanoparticle size of the photocatalyst on glass microbeads. EDX and DRS analyses confirmed the presence of S and N as well as the activity of the photocatalyst in the visible region, respectively. The S, N-TiO2 film with 0.25 g Thiuourea proved to be the best cyanide photodestruction agent in the visible light. Based on the results obtained, S, N-TiO2/ glass microbead was capable of destroying cyanide (50 ppm) by up to 94% in the visible light and by approximately 100% in the sunlight. The results also indicated that S, N-Tio2/scoria stone was capable of destroying cyanide by 85% in the visible light and by 94% in the sunlight within 4 h. The reaction kinetic for all cyanide concentrations and two photocatalyst substrates were described by a first order equation. Finally, it was concluded that the S, N-TiO2 stabilized on glass microbeads could be effectively used as a new method for treating wastewater containing free cyanide under the sunlight.

Surface waters are often included numerous dissolved and suspended impurities. Smaller particles called colloids are removed after coagulation and flocculation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination process of advanced coagulation and direct filtration to remove color and turbidity from surface waters.
This experimental study was done in pilot scale with a capacity of 144 L/h. Both, color and turbidity were evaluated in this research. Water samples were collected from Choghakhor wetland, which located about 65 km of Shahrekord. The color and turbidity was measured using spectrophotometer. Taguchi method was used for data collection. In this study, the effects of pH, coagulant dose of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and input flows on removing color and turbidity were examined.
The results showed that the optimum conditions for the removal of color was around 96% (i.e. color reduced from 140 TCU to 5.3 TCU. Initial turbidity was removed more than 95% (i.e., from 32 NTU to 1.4 NTU). The optimum conditions pH for color and turbidity removal were obtained at pH 6.2, Chloroferric dose of 40 mg/L, and flow rate 95 L/h. Based on the analysis of the factors examined, pH has the greatest influence on the removal of contaminants and the concentration of coagulants and debbie were next in ranking.
The combined Process of advanced coagulation can improve the efficiency of water refinery by remove the colors and turbidity with direct filtration.

Heavy metal pollution is a major problem in the environmental and health concerns of food. Toxic elements in the environment of mushrooms may be attracted to them, in which case the problem will create mushroom consumption. This study was aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals, manganese, chromium, iron, lead, zinc and copper in mushroom consumed in Shahrekord.
This study was a cross- sectional research. 6 samples of the edible mushroom cultivation and 2 samples of wild edible mushrooms in the market of Shahrekord were selected. The sampling method was census with 3 repetitions and it was performed at intervals of a month in the spring. 3 samples and a total of 24 samples were taken of each kind of mushroom. The samples were digested using acid digestion, and then, the metal concentration was determined using atomic emission Spectrometry set.
Average values were measured including zinc, (61.29±14.94) (58.48±29.11), Fe (26.29±8.69) (28.30±11.93), Pb (2.05±0.56) (2.07±0.35), Cr (1.46±0.41) (1.1±0.91), Cu (22.99±5.68) (25.83±6.67), and Mn (3.8±0.72) (6.25±0.99) mg/kg in cultivation and wild mushrooms respectively. Findings of this study indicate that the mean concentration of zinc in both mushrooms (cultivation and wild) was at allowable standard level (CODEX/FAO/WHO), Chromium, lead, iron exceeded the standard, and manganese, copper, less was than the standard limit.
Regards to some samples of contained heavy metals, chromium, lead, iron levels are higher than standard level. With regard to the increasing consumption of edible mushrooms cultured in Iran, it is required more careful about the conditions and environments.