مرضیه دهقانی

One of the important issues in education is the observance of professional ethics by teachers. present research was conducted with aim of investigating the quality of compliance with professional ethics by professors of Farhangian University from perspective of student teachers. research approach is qualitative and descriptive phenomenological field of research is the student teachers of Farhangian University of Markazi Province, and data saturation was achieved during interview with 13th person. Data collection was done using semi-structured interview technique and their analysis was done with Clause method. results of the research based on adherence and non-adherence to the observance of professional ethics were obtained under the six dimensions of individual characteristics, education, social and cultural values, organizational commitments, belief characteristics and educational dimension. findings showed that professors adhere to professional ethics on average. It is suggested to the professors of Farhangian University to review their performance in order to be a good role model for students by observing more professional ethics and provide the basis for their satisfaction.

Quality culture, with its diverse roles, impacts organizational performance and mission achievement. Alignment with missions, conditions, resources, and organizational maturity is crucial. Effective integration drives excellence and intelligent progress. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the concept of quality culture in order to develop the quality of education. This study employed an advanced mixed-methods approach, comprising four sequential phases: qualitative, qualitative, quantitative, and quantitative. The qualitative phase, grounded in interpretive phenomenology, explored the lived experiences of stakeholders across four categories: faculty members, employees, managers, and students from various faculties at the University of Tehran. Participants were selected using criterion sampling, and data saturation was achieved after conducting in-depth interviews with 61 stakeholders, representing the entire University of Tehran. Subsequently, a quantitative survey was administered to 50 stakeholders from the technical and engineering faculty. In the stage of people's perception of quality culture, 83 indicators, 19 sub-themes and three themes agreed upon by all were identified and categorized. In analyzing the difference in the perception of teaching assistants, the prevailing perception in the technical and engineering faculty was "quantity-oriented quality culture," and the prevailing current culture was also quantitative-oriented quality culture. The study findings reveal that quality culture is a complex construct with varying levels, influenced by intricate relationships spanning individual, group, organizational, and extra-organizational dimensions within each organization. Shifting away from the simplistic, static view of quality culture as merely present or absent, and instead focusing on aligning the dominant level with organizational goals, resources, and maturity can pave the way for progress. By fostering integration and striving for advancement towards higher levels, organizations can lay the groundwork for development, excellence, and strategic advancement.

To assess the impact of including design thinking within the work and technology curriculum on students’ mental habits, a semi-experimental study with pre- and post-tests was conducted. Participants in the study were junior high school students totaling 120 in six classes across all three grades. One of the two classes of each grade was taught utilizing design thinking. The data on students’ mental habits were collected using a translation of a known questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability. However, the internal consistency of the translation was calculated to be 0.85. Covariance analysis of the collected data revealed that the experimental groups across all grades exhibited improved mental habits and the inclusion of design thinking in the curriculum can help students with habits such as problem solving, creative thinking, critical thinking, lifelong learning, flexibility in thought and behavior, empathy, and mutual understanding.

Creating the groundwork for worthy education of students who are capable, active, knowledgeable and independent and respect values ​​and cultures is one of the most important concerns of knowledgeable trustees in educational systems. The approach of assessment as learning as the newest approach, by targeting and providing suitable conditions, provides the basis for the formation and strengthening of students' competencies as independent, flexible and critical citizens. The current research was based on the qualitative research approach and descriptive phenomenological method with the aim of identifying the criteria and indicators of assessment as learning in multi-grade classes. For this purpose, using the criterion sampling method and semi-structured interviews with 14 participants, the data was collected and analyzed using the colaizzi method. In order to make the findings believable, three methods of external audit, review of results by informants and long-term engagement were used. The results of the research led to the identification and classification of 3 criteria and 17 indicators for the approach of assessment as learning in multi-grade classes of elementary school. It seems that the criteria and indicators identified for multi-grade classes can provide the necessary basis for making a suitable tool for measuring the assessment as learning approach in determining the performance quality of multi-grade teachers and providing improvement solutions.

The objective of the present study was to examine the lived experiences of educators and officials of talent centers in the identification and development of preschool children's talents. This study adopted a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method to examine the lived experiences of educators and officials of talent centers in the identification and development of preschool children’s talents. Institutions and talent centers in Karaj city were the sites of the investigation from 2020 to 2023. The participants were selected using a criterion sampling strategy in conjunction with a purposeful sampling procedure in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with educators and officials of talent centers to collect the data. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method, which revealed three primary themes (talent discovery methods, talent development programs, and suggestions for enhancing talent development) and five sub-themes. The total number of phrases was 16, with each sub-theme comprising several significant phrases. The results indicate that the most critical phase of talent identification is to enable the child to express and witness their behavior under the guidance of an expert. The findings underscore the significance of opportune cultivation, the provision of opportunities and environmental facilities, and the monitoring of intelligence changes through periodic aptitude tests in the context of talent development. The most effective approach to cultivating and utilizing the diversity of children’s talents is to improve the knowledge of parents and instructors.

 The necessity of using new teaching methods based on problem solving and thinking in the education system of the country caused a research to be conducted with the aim of analyzing the technique of the six thinking hats of De Bono as a creative teaching method and its role in improving education and teaching. The current research has evaluated 114 articles and sources related to the research topic with the metacombination method and the seven steps of Sandelowski and Baros (2006). During the data synthesis and analysis stages, 37 articles and sources were consistent with the accepted criteria, and the data were analyzed through a researcher-made checklist form. In order to check the reliability of the findings, the criteria of researcher self-review, peer review and expert survey were used. According to the findings of the research, the use of the six thinking hats technique as a new teaching method focuses on the three main themes of thinking (creative, critical, parallel and organizing thoughts), learning (deep learning, cognitive skills and academic progress) and emotional skills (participation and interaction). , motivation, self-efficacy and communication skills) is effective. Therefore, the presented model helps planners and teachers in improving the quality of teaching, improving teaching and learning conditions and nurturing thinking learners.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a suitable pattern for assessing the level of readiness for entering the profession of an elementary teacher.

A sequential exploratory mixed-methods study was designed and executed in two stages to address the research question. In the initial phase, Grounded Theory was employed. Participants, chosen through the criterion strategy, consisted of experienced teachers and subject experts, with data saturation achieved after conducting 19 interviews. Data were gathered using a semi-structured interview technique and subsequently analyzed through open coding methods.

After analyzing the data in the first part, the identified pattern had 8 main dimensions and 69 criteria; The main dimensions of the model include cognitive knowledge, metacognitive knowledge, cognitive ability, non-cognitive ability, internal insight (identity), external insight (social), individual demeanor and interpersonal demeanor.

The results show the wide range of necessary attributes for the teaching profession, and it is necessary to develop a scientific, evidence-based, and integrated mechanism to accurately measure such characteristics before entering the teaching profession.

Reflection and teaching are two inseparable concepts and the combination of these two has led to the formation of the concept of reflective teaching. In reflective teaching, teachers think about the entire teaching-learning process that takes place in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to explore different aspects of teachers' reflective teaching at school.

This study was conducted using Qualitative approach and Meta-Synthesis method. In the Meta-Synthesis, the seven-step method of Sandeliski and Barroso (2006) was used, which includes some processes like; setting research questions, systematic review, finding out and selecting basics, extracting and analyzing findings, analysis and synthesis, quality control and presenting meta-synthesis.

The research findings showed reflective teaching mainly has three aspects. One of them is the various dimensions of reflective teaching, including reflection before the act of teaching, during the teaching, and after the teaching. The second aspect refers to reflective teaching strategies like; observing own self-performance of teaching, students' feedback, action research, journalling, using portfolio, and collaboration with colleagues in teaching. The third and last aspect is related to the requirements of reflective teaching, which is included professional, personal, and socio-cultural factors.

The meta-Synthesis showed that teachers' reflective teaching in school is a complex and multi-dimensional practice. Teachers' reflection in reflective teaching is not limited to reflection before teaching, they reflect on the teaching and learning process during and after teaching. By using different strategies, teachers look at teaching and learning from different perspectives, including themselves, students, and colleagues. Of course, reflective teaching of teachers in school needs requirements such as personality factors, professional factors, and socio-cultural factors. For reflective teaching, teachers must have unique personality traits such as patience, criticism, and flexibility. Professional factors related to teachers' reflective teaching also include things such as how to face teaching and learning issues, providing learning opportunities, and how to communicate with students. Socio-cultural factors are another requirement of reflective teaching, which is related to the existence of a suitable social and cultural atmosphere for the interaction of teachers with students, the interaction of teachers with each other, and school staff.

The main purpose of this study is to explain the current state of educational change in the micro (educational area and school) based on the life experiences of primary school teachers, according to the theory of Michael Fullan (2007) and determine its distance from the desired situation. The research approach is qualitative and its main method is phenomenology. The study population is elementary school teachers who were selected (10 people) as the criterion-based sampling method, criterion-type, until the theoretical saturation. Also, in order to validate the findings, 2 additional interviews were conducted and therefore, 12 people were selected. The research tool includes face-to-face interviews of semi-structured and unstructured type. One of the most important achievements of the present study is to prove the importance of the combination of two types of individual and social agency in the teacher and also his three-dimensional role in educational change.

Understanding the family-centere d curriculum requires more than exploring the combination of family activities and interactions, and there should be a focus on the views and intellectual systems that exist behind the norms of Iranian families. The current research was carried out with the aim of explaining the concept of family-centered curriculum. The data was collected using the semi-structured interview technique with 15 curriculum informants who were familiar with the family and the school. The collected data were analyzed and categorized based on the Systematic Approach Strauss & Corbin (2007). Based on the results of the research, 3 main categories (family orientation, hidden and informality and academic support) and 9 subcategories were extracted for the concept of family-oriented curriculum. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the family-centered curriculum can include a set of hidden and informal functions of parents that are related to the educational and educational activities of children in the home environment, and the set of these functions can play a constructive role in empowering parents and further home and school participation and ultimately could lead to children's academic progress.

The rapid penetration of technology has transformed all aspects of life and caused tremendous changes. Education, teaching, and learning, important aspects of people's social lives, have been greatly influenced by these developments and have developed with the growth of technology. Despite extensive research on the benefits and capacities of the e-learning environment, the teaching and learning process in this new environment is still challenging. This research gap prompted the researcher to study the framework of the teaching and learning process of elementary schools in the electronic platform. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions, indicators, and markers of the desirable teaching and learning process of the elementary school in the e-learning environment with a meta-synthesis approach.

According to the purpose, a qualitative research design of the meta-synthesis type was used. Research data were collected using the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Therefore, the studies were searched in the desired time range in the databases (2010-2023). After screening the identified studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, among the 673 studies related to the research field, 40 studies, that directly examined the teaching and learning process of elementary school in the electronic platform, were selected in a purposeful way using the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) and entered the analysis stage. At this stage, the data were analyzed through the thematic content analysis (TCA) method. To check the validity and reliability of the findings, the researcher's self-review criteria and the peer review method (the agreement coefficient of the evaluators) were used.

The in-depth analysis of previous studies resulted in the representation of 9 dimensions, 12 indicators, and 41 markers. Based on the research findings, the proposed model of the current research includes structured goals (setting goals based on the SMART model, setting goals based on Bloom's classification, defining goals by considering educational design components); standard content (compliance with SCORM model) and optimal content (personalized content, multimedia content, simulated content, categorized content, content with appropriate difficulty, relevant and coherent content); interactive teaching method (method based on digital storytelling, method based on digital game, collaborative virtual teaching, online questioning); empathic interactions (active conversation, establishing an emotional relationship, use of humor) and purposeful interactions (educational interactions, social interactions, supportive interactions); developmental assignments (zone of optimal confusion, scaffolding and assignments based on real issues); effective feedback (positive and encouraging feedback, corrective/interpretive, personal and immediate, fast feedback); quality time (planning and management of the time, special time for learning, flexibility in time); user-friendly technical platform (visual appeal, easy to use, proportional, interactive graphics) and the technical platform based on pedagogical principles (possibility of personalization and independence of learners, competences and technical qualifications of teachers and learners, providing opportunities for interaction and cooperation, appropriateness of educational platforms) and finally comprehensive evaluation (formative evaluation, e-tests, class survey, e-portfolio, peer evaluation). In this study, the highest frequency of extracted codes is assigned to the dimension of interactions, and it indicates that how to communicate in an e-learning environment is the most challenging issue in previous studies. Finally, this study emphasizes the importance of considering appropriate criteria and indicators in the process of teaching and learning the elementary school in the electronic platform, and its proposed model with the provided coordinates could be used as a guide for planners and teachers to enrich their education with the requirements and requirements of the new environment and to take steps towards improving it.

The use of virtual education and digital tools in the teaching process does not automatically lead to the success of university education systems or the realization of educational goals; rather, it is the effective use of these tools that contributes to professors' effective teaching. Defining and measuring effective teaching is not an easy task because effective teaching requires two-way communication between the learner and the instructor. In order to teach, the instructor first pays attention to students' individual characteristics and growth levels, and accordingly, adopts teaching strategies. The literature review showed that higher education professors play a key role in the effectiveness of their teaching in the virtual space. This key role is initially observed by paying attention to students' wants and needs, and then by having knowledge of electronic tools and creating content. Therefore, examining university professors' opinions about the characteristics of effective teaching in virtual education is of paramount importance. Given professors' key role in holding virtual classes and their knowledge and understanding of the dimensions and components of effective teaching in virtual space, this study aims to identify the dimensions and skills necessary for effective teaching in virtual education based on the opinions of Tehran University professors.

The qualitative research approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was selected for this study. Accordingly, the data were collected and analyzed using the Giorgi method, a criterion-based purposeful sampling method, and semi-structured interviews with eighteen participants. Giorgi analysis is a precise, clear, and step-by-step method that has five steps: familiarization with the data, identification of semantic units, regrouping of semantic units into clusters, conversion of semantic units into descriptive expressions, and combining and integrating them. To improve the credibility of the study, member checking, peer debriefing, external audit, thick description, and prolonged engagement were employed.

The results of this study led to the identification and classification of four dimensions and twenty-one components to measure effective virtual teaching in universities. These include: 1) the individual dimension (with four components: a- the role of developers, b- the role of professors and their personality traits, c- the role of students and their personality traits, and d- individuals' professional development), 2) the skills, competencies, and abilities dimension (with eleven components: a- pedagogical skills of education, bteaching skills, c- developing skills, d- knowledge of using electronic content, etechnology skills, f- professors' specialized competence and ability, gcommunication skills, h- the skill of developing students' participation, ipsychological skills, j- the skill and ability to relate course materials to the needs of society and the market; the link between theory and practice, k- the ability to evaluate students in a virtual environment, k- classroom management skills), 3) the infrastructure, equipment, and facilities dimension (with two components: aprofessors' and students' lack of access to digital tools and b- high-speed, stable Internet), and 4) contextual factors in effective teaching (including four components: a- the timing of classes, b- the role of the family, c- rules and regulations, and d- attention to professors' and students' physical and mental health).

The findings emphasized the differences between the virtual platform and the face-to-face platform, the redefinition of the roles of developers, professors, and students in the virtual space, professors' and students' personality traits, the importance of professors' skills, competencies, and abilities, as well as the significance of infrastructure, equipment, facilities, and contextual factors. According to the results, it is suggested that professors use self-directed learning methods and professional learning groups based on cooperation and learning communities to improve their abilities in digital skills, digital literacy, digital thinking, technology, content production, and platform usage. Furthermore, in their teaching in virtual classes, professors should pay attention to creative communication and interactive methods, as well as the use of technological capacities to create psychological actions, especially enhancing learning motivation. They should also utilize digital facilities to provide feedback and assign various tasks to their students.

Feedback, as the heart of the learning assessment system and the quality of its presentation methods, plays an irreplaceable role in the relationship between professor and student. Searching in databases and field evidence shows professors give feedback, but their feedback is not of sufficient quality. For this purpose, we tried to use descriptive phenomenology to answer the question based on the lived experience of students of technical and engineering schools, what are the components of the quality of professors’ feedback to students. We conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with students of technical schools of Tehran University, which were analyzed using the Colaizzi strategy. The findings identified 100 indicators that were classified into 12 criteria and 4 factors core elements, professional factors, presentation techniques, and effectiveness evaluation. The findings showed that the nature and quality of feedback expected by students in technical schools is multi-level, multi-faceted, flexible, and has a two-way process. Still, in practice, no valid evidence was obtained to examine and defend the quality of the provided feedback. Evaluators, researchers, professors, and students can use the results of this study as a feedback evaluating scheme. At the end of the research, we have presented solutions to improve the current situation and suggestions for further studies.

The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the choice of humanities field. Parallel to this aim, the narrative-research method of the autobiography type was used. The source of data was the researcher's memories and narratives during his studies. Data analysis was done according to thematic analysis. In total, four main themes (educational, individual, family and environmental factors) and 19 sub-themes in two axes were identified. Findings in the first section include not belonging to school, the role of teachers, the effect of academic grades, academic guidance, achieving successful results, possessing literary talent, fear of failure, purposefulness, interest and desire, Family support, family educational background and Career prospects. Also, in the second section, obtaining successful results, receiving positive feedback, forming an identity, reducing motivation, doubt, parental satisfaction, high expectations, and misconceptions were obtained, which indicate the positive and negative consequences of this choice.

The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of professional identity and life experiences of the principal and founder of the first set of special schools for labor children in Tehran. The research is a narrative inquiry and qualitative and interpretive research in which the technique of narrative interview and field text is used. Exploring of the narratives indicated the profound effect that school experiences had on changing the beliefs and shaping the professional identity of the research participant. Based on fundamental reform document of education and in accordance with the needs of labor children, he has designed a special curriculum called "Growth Pattern" in the collection of schools for labor children, which has been successful in implementation. The results showed that educating labor children requires adopting a supportive approach in schools and changing the current curriculum in accordance with the needs of children in order to empower them. The results showed that education for labor children requires the adoption of a supportive approach by ministry of education and cooperation of this organization with municipalities and welfare organizations, and also empowerment of labor children requires changes in the current curriculum elements according to the needs of these children.

Childbearing is one of the most important demographic issues that has gained double importance in today's Iranian society. It is affected by many factors. Fertility knowledge is one of the factors influencing childbearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between fertility knowledge and women's childbearing.

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. For this purpose, 400 women attending the health centers in Zarrin Shahr City in Isfahan Province, Iran, were surveyed in 2022. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software using correlation tests, mean comparison (t and F), and multiple linear regression.

Fertility knowledge, monthly income, and education of women and their husbands had a significant negative correlation with the number of live children ever born. The relationship between the age, the age of the husband, and the duration of marriage with the number of live children ever born was positive and significant. The findings of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that increase in women's fertility knowledge, age of the husband, education of the husband, and the monthly income led to a significant decrease in the number of live children ever born. The findings also showed that the number of live children ever born to employed women was significantly less than non-employed women.

Women's low knowledge about factors affecting infertility and fertility can affect the quantity and quality of their childbearing. Thus, improving women's fertility knowledge can lead to healthy pregnancies among women and subsequently improve the health of mothers.

The aim of conducting current research is to examine and identify the dimensions and components of higher education academic strategic curriculum planning models.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in the category of qualitative research in which the meta synthesis method has been used, the meta synthesis method was carried out using the Sandlowski and Barroso method; also, for the data analysis, the thematic analysis method has been used.

The findings of the research identify 17 components and categorize them in the form of four cultural-social dimensions, including: participatory culture, faculty members' activism, acceptance and belief in curriculum change and reform; The structural dimension includes: understanding, developing a mission statement, analyzing organizational values, developing a vision, determining the general goals of the program, prioritizing, developing strategies; The environmental dimension includes: internal environment, internal environment, contextual environment, interactive environment; And the managerial-executive dimension includes: decision-making, formulation of an executive plan, evaluation/correction and monitoring.

The results showed that paying attention to the dimensions and components of university curriculum planning models, which are derived from values, missions, perspectives and environmental dynamics, realizes appropriate planning for the implementation of appropriate strategies to be a basis for researchers and practitioners in In line with revising and reforming the curriculum of the higher education system.

Evaluation culture, with its diverse roles, impacts organizational performance and mission achievement. Alignment with missions, conditions, resources, and organizational maturity is crucial. Effective integration drives excellence and intelligent progress. This study explores evaluation culture, analyzing commonalities and variations among University of Tehran stakeholders.

The current research method was interpretive phenomenology and its participants included four categories of stakeholders including: faculty members, employees, managers and students of Tehran University, who were selected and saturated by sampling method after 61 semi-structured interviews. The finding was obtained.

Analysis in the conceptual commonalities section led to the identification of 79 indicators and their classification in the form of 19 criteria. Each of the studied groups believed in a different evaluation culture. In terms of academic stakeholders, each group believed in a different evaluation culture, and in terms of differences in educational groups; Faculty of Engineering and Technology believes in result-oriented evaluation culture, Faculty of Management and Architecture believes in wrist-based evaluation culture; Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine believes in the evaluation culture based on the development of people; The Faculty of Basic Sciences and Psychology and Education believed in the culture of responsive evaluation and the Faculty of Literature and Humanities believed in the culture of documentary evaluation.

Evaluation culture is a multi-dimensional problem and its implementation in organizations requires attention to the structure of each organization and its perspectives.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of digital competence of teachers. The data was collected through qualitative method of systematic review. The selection of articles was done by keywords based on the opinion of experts and the structure of Prisma, and 38 documents in the form of foreign articles were included in the analysis. The selected corpus was analyzed using thematic analysis and MAXQDA2020 software. The validity of the findings was obtained based on the opinions of the research team, and the reliability of the tool was checked through the reliability index of the evaluators, which showed Kappa coefficient of 0.84. The findings indicated that the digital competence of teachers included 7 dimensions and 27 components. The dimensions included teaching and learning, professional and career development, leadership and interaction, digital thinking, enhancing the learner's digital skills, assessment and individual characteristics. According to the results, it is suggested that technology-based professional training, interactive teaching in virtual environments, and the combination of teachers' digital competencies with extracted components should be given serious attention.

This study aimed to conceptualize independent thinking in the curriculum of high school students and represent its indicators. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of literature in different scientific databases in the last 20 years using the documentary method. As a result, 30 documents were identified. Data analysis based on a thematic analysis strategy led to the emergence of 175 open codes, which were reduced to 146 meaningful codes by removing duplicate codes, classified into eight main themes and 30 subthemes, and finally validated. The identified categories include “feeling free and the right to choose, mutual and collaborative learning, mastery of cognitive skills, mastery of metacognitive skills, familiarity with problem-solving skills, family education, independent activity, and conscious obedience”.

The quality of teacher assessment and selection system is the most strategic element in the success or failure of educational systems. Assessment and selection of value-creating teachers is not achieved by chance and is a function of a set of multiple, multi-level, contingent and integrated factors and dimensions. The first goal of this study was to identify the framework of essential competencies for assessment and selection before entering the teaching profession, and the second phase was to determine the order of importance of these competencies. To answer the research questions, an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative part was conducted at the level of conceptual ordering using Grounded Theory method. Participants were chosen from among experienced teachers and subject experts using criterion sampling, and data saturation was achieved after 14 interviews. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed with open coding. After categorizing the findings of the previous phase, with reference to experts and applying the DEMATEL technique stages as one of the methods of group decision-making based on pairwise comparisons, the influence and impact of each criterion were calculated. After analyzing the data in the qualitative phase, 8 factors were identified, including cognitive knowledge, metacognitive knowledge, cognitive ability, metacognitive ability, identity insight, social insight, personal disposition, and interpersonal disposition. The findings of the quantitative phase indicated that the first three factors in order of influence include metacognitive ability, social insight, and interpersonal disposition. The results indicate a wide range of essential competencies required for the teaching profession and highlight the necessity of devising a scientific, evidence-based, and integrated mechanism for accurately assessing such characteristics before entering the teaching profession.

Design thinking, as one of the new learning approaches, is related to the way designers think and process cognitive processes. This method is considered one of the most effective solutions in teaching technology to students. This not only helps technical knowledge and skills but also enhances creativity. Other benefits include the development of critical thinking, communication skills, teamwork, self-assessment, independent learning, and evidence-based decision-making. This path helps the individual to nurture social-emotional competencies. On the other hand, social-emotional competence refers to a set of skills, attitudes, and communicative and human abilities that enable the individual to successfully operate in social and interpersonal environments. These competencies include effective communication skills, empathy, cooperation, emotion management, critical thinking in relation to oneself and others, social problem-solving skills, companionship and support for others, and the ability to understand and manage one’s own and others’ emotions. These skills and abilities are of great importance as they play a significant role in the individual’s social, professional, and personal success. Subsequently, the components of design thinking can help identify different structures used to refer to social-emotional competencies; therefore, this study has been conducted to investigate the impact of teaching the curriculum of work and technology with a focus on the design thinking approach on the emotional competencies of female students. Research question: Is the teaching of the work and technology curriculum based on design thinking effective on the emotional-social competencies of students?

This study was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The research population was seventh-grade female students from the first middle school in Baharestan city in the academic year 2020-2021. Among the members of the community, 40 people were selected with the available tools and divided into two equal experimental and control groups. In this sampling method, classes of a school that was available to the researcher were selected. Classes and students select individuals who have academic records, age 13 to 15 years, no receipt of design thinking training, and no receipt of any educational and research intervention in the past three months. The criterion for leaving the study was the lack of cooperation of students with groups and designated activities. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 45- minute work and technology education based on design thinking, and the control group did not receive any training. The collected data were obtained using the social-emotional competency questionnaire (Zhou & Ee., 2012). In the present study, the reliability obtained with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for each dimension of self-awareness was .65, social awareness was .71, self-management was .86, relationship management was .67, and responsible decision-making was .72 and overall, .71 was obtained and analyzed by multivariate composite analysis, which took place in SPSS-23 software.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that work and technology education based on design thinking changed all variables of social-emotional competencies of students. Based on the effect size, it can be said that .19 percent of changes in self-awareness, .29 percent of changes in social awareness, .33 percent of self-management, .20 percent of changes in relationship management, and .34 percent of changes in responsible decision-making are due to the effect of education based on design thinking. Therefore, the results showed that the experimental and control groups were different in the post-test with pretest variables of emotional-social competence; in other words, work and technology education based on design thinking improved the components of emotional-social competence (self-awareness, responsible decision-making, interpersonal relationships, social awareness, self-management) in female students, p<.05.

The Work and Technology Education Program, based on the design thinking approach, seeks to enhance emotional-social competencies, increase self-awareness, and the ability to manage emotions and relationships with others through increasing social awareness and self-awareness of female students. In social activities, it is important that individuals can work effectively in different groups and have criticism acceptance and relationship management. This is especially true in the design thinking process that requires group work. Successful results are only achieved when group members can communicate effectively and make responsible decisions together. When individuals are able to make responsible decisions and overcome challenges, they can have a positive impact on their society. In this study, students have shown positive personality traits such as leadership, respect, and perseverance during the use of the design thinking process. These features, including perseverance, problem-solving, and respect for different opinions, are all important aspects of social competencies. In addition, one of the key stages of the design thinking process is empathy. At this stage, students should consider the experiences, social contexts, and knowledge of others in a comprehensive and pervasive way. By practicing empathy, students can gain a deeper understanding of how different contexts are understood by others, which can help grow emotional-social competence. One of the limitations of the present study, was sampling only from the female students and also teaching only in the virtual space. Given the limitations, it is suggested that this study to be conducted on male students and also other cities and the results to be compared with the those of the present study. Finally, considering that this study has been conducted using quantitative research, it is suggested that in the next research plan, mixed designs be used. Considering the research results, curriculum planners should integrate the design thinking approach into the educational activities of the Work and Technology curriculum by reviewing this curriculum. Also, training and empowering teachers on how to use design thinking for teaching work and technology seems necessary.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of premarital education based on the SYMBIS model on communication skills and conflict resolution skills of fiancés. In terms of the purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of the research design and method, it was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period. Based on this, the statistical population of the research included all the fiancés who referred to the counseling centers of the 7th district of Tehran to receive pre-marital counseling in the first half of 2011. Therefore, 40 people (20 couples) were selected from among these people and were randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Then, premarital education based on the SYMBIS model prepared by Les and Leslie Perot (2006) was implemented on the experimental group. Also, in order to collect data, the research tools included the conflict resolution questionnaire (CRQ) and the communication skills questionnaire of Christensen and Salluvay (1984). In the descriptive part, frequency distribution tables were used, and in the inferential part of data analysis, mixed variance analysis with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. The F value and the significance level of the obtained value were calculated in the variable of communication skills (F = 7.83 and P = 0.004) and conflict resolution skills (F = 6.91 and P = 0.006). Therefore, it can be concluded that the independent variable i.e. premarital education based on the SYMBIS model has significantly changed the dependent variables i.e. communication skills and conflict resolution skills. This means that the changes made in the dependent variables were caused by the membership in the experimental group or the independent variable (premarital education based on the SYMBIS model). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that premarital education based on the SYMBIS model is effective on the communication skills and conflict resolution skills of the fiancés. Therefore, this model can be used in premarital counseling.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of local learning center managers in advancing the goals and needs of the local community. This research can be considered as qualitative approach research and its method is phenomenological and interpretive. The research field is all the managers of local learning centers who have been selected by targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods. Using the above two methods, a total of 26 people from the research field were analyzed and surveyed, all of whom were interviewed. Findings were divided into three parts according to the opinions of the participants and the questions. In the role of managers in recognizing the needs and problems of local learning centers, a total of 10 main categories and 41 subcategories were extracted. The main categories in this section are: needs assessment, knowledge of the neighborhood and local community, educational concerns, financial concerns, review of economic needs of the center, review of facilities of the center, review of executive issues in the center, book content, in-service courses, Feedback. Regarding the role of managers in advancing the goals of local learning centers, 5 main categories and 18 sub-categories were extracted, which are: the ability to attract cooperation to solve problems, improve environmental facilities, improve educational facilities, comprehensive issues, help create entrepreneurship. Also, in relation to managers' evaluation of the achievement of goals, 4 main categories and 11 subcategories were extracted, the main categories including satisfaction with the quality of goals, satisfaction with how to transfer goals to the local community, satisfaction with the achievement of goals, satisfaction with courses They are in the service of managers. In general, the results of this study showed that the managers of local learning centers have a significant role in recognizing the needs of the local community and through their comprehensive interaction with learners, educators and officials, will be very effective in advancing the goals.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of local learning center managers in advancing the goals and needs of the local community. This research can be considered as qualitative approach research and its method is phenomenological and interpretive. The research field is all the managers of local learning centers who have been selected by targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods. Using the above two methods, a total of 26 people from the research field were analyzed and surveyed, all of whom were interviewed. Findings were divided into three parts according to the opinions of the participants and the questions. In the role of managers in recognizing the needs and problems of local learning centers, a total of 10 main categories and 41 subcategories were extracted. The main categories in this section are: needs assessment, knowledge of the neighborhood and local community, educational concerns, financial concerns, review of economic needs of the center, review of facilities of the center, review of executive issues in the center, book content, in-service courses, Feedback. Regarding the role of managers in advancing the goals of local learning centers, 5 main categories and 18 sub-categories were extracted, which are: the ability to attract cooperation to solve problems, improve environmental facilities, improve educational facilities, comprehensive issues, help create entrepreneurship. Also, in relation to managers' evaluation of the achievement of goals, 4 main categories and 11 subcategories were extracted, the main categories including satisfaction with the quality of goals, satisfaction with how to transfer goals to the local community, satisfaction with the achievement of goals, satisfaction with courses They are in the service of managers. In general, the results of this study showed that the managers of local learning centers have a significant role in recognizing the needs of the local community and through their comprehensive interaction with learners, educators and officials, will be very effective in advancing the goals.

This study aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors of students' tendency towards ethics. A qualitative approach with a descriptive phenomenological method was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 98 Iranian faculty members, university administrators, experts, staff, and students who were selected through criterion sampling. The findings suggest that there are eight facilitating factors such as “structural, functional, social, cultural, personal, religious, study-research-driven, and educational" factors, and there are also nine hindering factors (obstacles) such as “structural, social, performance-related, political, personal, functional, conceptual, informative-cognitive, and cultural” factors. Drawing upon the understanding of a wide range of academic activists, this study identifies new and more complete dimensions and components of the factors concerning the tendency or non-tendency of students towards ethics in the university environment. It is recommended to use these results to develop academic ethics in higher education more efficiently.