مرضیه طالب زاده شوشتری

Generalized anxiety disorder can cause a decrease of cognitive emotion regulation and an increase of worry. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comparison the effectiveness of cognitive-analytic therapy and emotional schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and worry of patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Methods and Materials:

The current study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and two month follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all students with generalized anxiety disorder of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz branch and Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2023 year. The sample size was considered to be 20 people for each group, and these people were selected as samples after checking the inclusion criteria with the purposeful sampling method. The selected samples were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people, and the first and second experimental groups underwent 10 sessions of 90 minutes cognitive-analytical therapy and emotional schema therapy, respectivelyand the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with questionnaires of generalized anxiety disorder (Spitzer et al., 2006), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al., 2001) and worry (Meyer et al., 1990) and with were analyzed by methods of chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test in the SPSS-26 software.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the generalized anxiety disorder of experimental and control groups in terms of gender, educational level and age (P>0.05). Also, both methods of cognitive-analytical therapy and emotional schema therapy increased the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and decreased the negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). In addition, there was no significant differencebetween the two methods of cognitive-analytical therapy and emotional schema therapy in increasing the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and decreasing the negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry of patients with generalized anxiety disorder (P<0.001).

The results of this study indicated the effectiveness of both methods of cognitive-analytical therapy and emotional schema therapy on increasing the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and reducing the negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use both methods to improve psychological characteristics.

Adolescence encompasses a developmental period with significant neurobiological changes, often associated with intense emotions or feelings, reward-seeking, and risk-taking. While bringing new experiences, these changes also present risks (Liew et al., 2023). Clinical psychologists usually divide the emotional and behavioral disorders of adolescents into two categories: internal and externalized disorders. Internalizing disorders are over-controlled symptoms directed inward, and externalizing disorders are under-controlled symptoms directed outward (Ganji, 2022). Personality dimensions are the factors that play a fundamental role in the ethology of internalized (Ahola et al., 2023) and externalizing symptoms (Abdol-mohammadi et al., 2021). According to Cloninger's psychobiological model, personality comprises two dimensions: temperament and character. The temperament dimensions are hereditary and are stable throughout life and in the later stages of individuals.In contrast, the character dimension includes self-conscious emotions that develop throughout life (Cloninger et al., 1993). On the other hand, one of the factors affecting emotional-behavioral disorders is the presence of some kind of disorder in emotional regulation (Fernandes et al., 2023). Zagaria et al. (2023) found that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with emotional behavioral disorders and adaptive strategies are associated with emotional-behavioral health. Therefore, the main of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescent boys and girls in Andimeshk City. 

The research method was a correlational structural equation model. The statistical population comprised all the male and female students in the second grade of high school in Andimshek City in 2020-2021. A sample of 326 people (165 girls and 161 boys) were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered the Youth Self-Report questionnaire, which contains 112 items. The test-retest reliability of this questionnaire was reported to be 0.82, and the internal consistency of each subscale was reported between 0.55 and 0.75 (Aschenbach & Rescorella, 2001). The temperament and Character Inventory contains 125 items and measures four dimensions of temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward Dependence, Persistence) and three dimensions of character (Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, self-transcendence). Reliability was obtained for temperament 0.77 and character 0.81 (Cloninger et al., 1994), and the Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire contains 36 items. The reliability of this questionnaire was for positive, negative, and total strategies 0.91, 0.87, and 0.93, respectively. (Garnefski et al., 2001). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and structural equation model in SPSS24, AMOS/18 software, and the Sobet test. 

The results showed that for both indirect paths of the effect of temperament and character on internalized and externalized symptoms through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation, zero is outside the confidence interval (lower limit and upper limit), and the obtained significant level is less than 0.05. Also, for both indirect paths of the effect of temperament and character on externalized symptoms through positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation, zero is outside the confidence interval (lower limit and upper limit), and the obtained significant level is less than 0.05. Therefore, two indirect effects are significant and confirmed. 

The results of the present study showed that positive and negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation mediate the relationship between temperament and character on the internalized and externalized symptoms. An individual's choice of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and their regulatory effectiveness depends on their traits. Positive and negative strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, due to their adaptive and maladaptive nature, each lead to the intensification or suppression of negative emotion or the increase of positive emotions, which, in turn, leads to conscious and unconscious emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in response to stressful environmental stimuli, depending on personality dimensions, and as a result, will make the adolescent susceptible to internalized and externalized symptoms. Overall, considering the findings of this study, it is recommended that clinics and educational counseling centers use the findings of this Zagaria et al. (2023) found that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies are associated with emotional behavioral disorders and adaptive strategies are associated with emotional-behavioral health. Therefore, the main of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between personality traits and the occurrence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents in Andimeshk City.

The present research aimed to investigate the mediation role of family function in the relationship between psychological well-being and impulsivity with internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents. The current research method was correlational studies and the statistical population consisted of all male and female students of the second grade of high school in Andimshek city in2020-2021 academic year, out of which 326people (165 girls and 161 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and answered the questionnaire of Youth Self-Report (YSR), Psychological Well-Being (PWB), Barrat Impulsivity Scale-11 (BIS-11) and Family Assessment Device (FAD).  The findings of this research supported the moderating role of family function in the relationship between psychological well-being with internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents. It also supported the moderating role of family function in the relationship between impulsivity with internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents and showed that family functioning can reduce the occurrence and persistence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents by increasing the levels of psychological well-being and reducing the levels of impulsivity. These findings can help improve family functioning and develop family intervention protocols.

Maladjusted couples have many marital problems and couple therapy methods can play an effective role in reducing their problems. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples. The present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was maladjusted couples who referred to counseling and psychological services centers and clinics of Ahvaz City in the autumn of 2023 (approximately 250 couples). The sample size for each group was considered 12 couples, and these couples were selected by purposive sampling method. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes under couple therapy based on mindfulness and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using Marital Adjustment, Marital Trust, and Marital Life Quality Scales and analyzed using chi-square test and multivariate analysis of covariance. According to chi-square test results, there wasn’t any significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of education level, age, and marriage duration (p>0.05). Also, according to multivariate analysis of covariance results, couple therapy based on mindfulness led to an increase in marital trust (F=227.22, p<0.001) and marital life quality (F=167.65, p<0.001) in maladjusted couples. Considering the effectiveness of couple therapy based on mindfulness on increasing marital trust and marital life quality in maladjusted couples, it is suggested that counselors and therapists use this method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics in vulnerable groups.

The prevalence of Internalized and Externalized disorders in Adolescents is on of the serious threats to mental health in the world. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the causal model of The Internalized and Externalized disorders in Adolescents Based on Impulsivity with the Mediating Role of Adaptive and Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies. The statistical population of the research was made up of all male and female students of the second year of high school in Andimshek city, out of which 326 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. were selected as samples. The tools used in this research included the youth self-report scale (Aschenbach and Rescorella, 2001), the impulsivity (Patton et al, 1995), and the Cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al, 2001). To analyze the data, the method of structural equation with intermediary relation was used with Amos/18 software. The findings showed that for both indirect paths of impulsivity on internalized disorders through adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are not significant and reject (p>0/05). Also, the two indirect paths of impulsivity on externalized disorders adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are significant and confirmed (p<0/05). Based on the research findings, adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation can play mediating role on relationship between impulsivity and internalized and externalized disorders of adolescents. The evaluated model has a favorable fit and is an important step toward identifying the effective factors in internalized and externalized disorders of adolescents.

The significance of self-directed learning has become increasingly prominent within the current educational system in Iran. Various psychological aspects engage students who actively participate in learning through self-directed methods. While the existing literature has focused on self-directed learning, influential variables such as emotional creativity, critical thinking disposition, academic buoyancy, and achievement motivation have been largely overlooked.

The aim of this study is to design and test the causal model of selfdirected learning based on emotional creativity, critical thinking disposition and academic buoyancy with the mediation of Achievement motivation.

In terms of purpose the present study is applied and the descriptive method is correlational. The statistical population includes all the male students of the second secondary school in Izeh city. The sample size in this study is 400 students based on Cochran's formula, who were selected using a proportional multi-stage random sampling method.The data collection tools in this study include Fisher King and Tagos self-administered learning readiness scale questionnaire (2001(Critical Thinking disposition Questionnaire of Ricketts (2003), Martin and marshs Academic buoyancy Questionnaire (2006), Avrils emotional creativity questionnaire (1999) and the Herman’s AchievementMotivation Questionnaire, (1970).

The results indicated a relationship between emotional creativity, self-directed learning and Achievement motivation.there is also relationship between critical thinking with self-directed learning and Achievement motivation. Academic buoyancy, self-directed learning and Achievement motivation.there is a relationship between Achievement motivation and self-directed learning. The results showed that the critical thinking disposition is related to self-directed learning through the Achievement motivation of and academic buoyancy through Achievement motivation to the self-directed learning.

Based on the results of this study, the variables of emotional creativity, critical thinking disposition, academic buoyancy, and achievement motivation have significant direct and indirect effects on self-directed learning. This model demonstrates its potential as a suitable framework for enhancing self-directed learning among students. Further studies with larger sample sizes can provide a more comprehensive perspective on these relationships and contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing self-directed learning.

Generalized anxiety disorder causes problems in the field of anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive-analytical therapy on anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal problems in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The present research was a semi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all students with generalized anxiety disorder of Shahid Chamran and Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz universities in the autumn of 2023 year. The sample size for each group was considered to be 20 people and these people were selected as samples after checking the inclusion criteria with the purposeful sampling method. The selected samples were subjected into two 20 people groups and the experimental group 10 sessions of 90 minutes underwent by cognitive-analytical therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The data were collected with the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire and interpersonal problems inventory and were analyzed with chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance tests in SPSS-26 computer software.

According to the results of this study, there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of gender, educational level and age (P>0.05). Also, cognitive-analytic therapy reduced anxiety sensitivity (F=274.051, P<0.001) and interpersonal problems (F=186.642, P<0.001) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The results of the present research indicated the effect of cognitive-analytical therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal problems in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. As a result, therapists and psychologists can benefit from cognitive-analytical therapy along with other treatment methods in order to health-oriented interventions, especially reducing anxiety sensitivity and interpersonal problems in vulnerable groups, including patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Religion and spiritual attitudes are among the important factors affecting psychological and social injuries because spirituality influences people's attitudes, cognition, and behavior. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of impulsivity in the relationship between anxious attachment and religious attitude with the tendency to addiction among university students.

This descriptive-correlational study employed structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population consisted of all students at the Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz, of whom 300 were selected as the sample using convenience sampling. All participants completed the Addiction Potential Scale (APS), Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) Scale, Religious Attitude Scale, and Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII). The data were statistically analyzed using SEM.

According to the results, there was a significant relationship between anxious attachment with impulsivity (P=0.012) and the tendency to addiction (P=0.001).  Moreover, there was a negative relationship between religious attitudes with impulsivity (P=0.001) and the tendency to addiction (P=0.001). There was a positive relationship between impulsivity and the tendency to addiction in the students (P=0.001). The results also showed that impulsivity mediates the relationships between anxious attachment and religious attitudes with the tendency to addiction (P=0.001).

The results showed that the proposed model fitted the data well. Accordingly, the tendency of young people to addiction can be reduced by training families and university students in safe attachment styles, spiritual teachings, self-restraint, and control of impulses.

The present research aimed to investigate the mediation role of family function in the relationship of personality dimensions of temperament and character with adolescents internalized and externalized problems. The current research method was correlational studies. The statistical population consisted of all male and female students of the second grade of high school in Andimshek city, Iran, during 2020-2021 academic year, out of which 326 people (165 girls and 161 boys) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data, the youth self-report scale (Achenbach and Rescorella), the temperament and character inventory (Cloninger et al.), and the family assessment device (Epstein et al.) were used. Structural equation methods were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the effect of temperament and character on internalized and externalized problems were confirmed through family function. It can be concluded that the family function played a mediation role in relationship to the temperament and character and internalized and externalized problems of adolescents, so it is recommended that psychologists, through training and interventions, improve family function by moderating personality dimensions to prevent, reduce, and improve the adolescents' internalized/externalized problems.

Patients with diabetes face many problems, especially in the field of health hardiness, self-compassion, and behavioral emotion regulation. As a result, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of health-promoting lifestyle training in health hardiness, self-compassion, and behavioral emotion regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study was conducted based on a semi-experimental pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical research population was patients with type 2 diabetes who were members of Ahvaz Diabetes Association in the winter of 2021. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, 50 people were selected as a sample with the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (n=25 in each group). The experimental group underwent eight 90 minutes sessions of  Alijani et al. health-promoting lifestyle training (2015), and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with the demographic information form, revised health hardiness inventory (Gebhardt et al., 2001), self-compassion scale (Neff, 2016), and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire (Kraaij and Garnefski, 2019) and analyzed in SPSS software (version 19) using chi-square, independent t-test, and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results demonstrated that the experimental and control groups did not significantly differ in terms of gender, education level, and age (P>0.05). The other findings pointed out that health-promoting lifestyle training led to increased health hardiness (F=575.597, P<0.001), self-compassion (F=283.882, P<0.001) and behavioral emotion regulation (F=633.967, P<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes (P<0.001).

As evidenced by the results of the present study, health professionals and therapists can use the health-promoting lifestyle training method along with other training methods to improve the psychological characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes, especially increasing health hardiness, self-compassion, and behavioral emotion regulation.

This study aimed at the effectiveness of flipped and traditional instructions over perception of class and academic attitude among the girl students of Farhangian University. The investigation was performed with pre-test & post-test plan having control group. Statistical society included all girl students of Farhangian university, Fatemeh Zahra center in first semester of 2019-20 academic year. A sample of 36 students was selected through purposeful sampling, then randomly divided into two experiment & control group. Data were gathered using Fraser, Fisher & McRobbie’s perception of class (1996) and Akbari’s academic attitude (2004) questionnaires. The interventional group received flipped instruction as 8 sessions of 120 minutes, weekly. For the control group traditional instruction was performed. The data were analyzed through multivariable analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), single variable analysis (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni's post hoc test. Findings showed significant difference between effectiveness of flipped (P<0.05) versus traditional instruction (P<0.01) on problem-based learning and self-determination. Based on the results of this study, flipped education has more effectiveness on perception of class and academic attitude, compared with traditional instruction.

The main of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motor perception training on math disorder and test anxiety in primary school students with learning disabilities in Tehran. The present study was a quasi-experimental study including a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 40 qualified students with learning disabilities who referred to learning disabilities centers between years 1397-1398 in Tehran were selected through available and purposeful sampling methods and were assigned in motor perceptual experimental group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The follow-up stage was also performed one month after the test. To complete the data, IQ test questionnaires (Wechsler, 2003), math learning disorder (Conley, 1988) and standard test anxiety questionnaire (Sarason, 1957) were used. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Findings of the statistical tests of multivariate analysis of covariance in the groups of motor perception and control training in the post-test and follow-up stages show that these groups are significantly different from each other in at least one of the dependent variables. Thus, in both of these stages, there is a significant difference in the variables of math disorder and test anxiety between the groups of motor perception training and control indicating the continuation of the effect of motor perception training in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that motor perception training is used to reduce math disorders and test anxiety in students.

Patients with diabetes face many problems, especially in the field of health. Therefore, the aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of compassion training on health hardiness, compassion and behavioral emotion regulation.

This study was semi-experimental , havinga pretest-posttest design with a control group. The research population was patients with Type 2 Diabetes, who were members of Ahwaz Diabetes Association in the winter season of 2021 year. Fifty participants were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent eight 90-minutesessions of compassion training and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with the revised health hardiness inventory, compassion scale and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire and analyzed with tests of chi-square, independent-t and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of all three variables of health hardiness, compassion and behavioral emotion regulation. In other words, compassion training increased health hardiness, compassion and behavioral emotion regulation in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Regarded to the findings of this study, professionals and therapists can use the compassion training method along with other effective training methods to improve psychological characteristics.

Impulsivity is one of the symptoms of conduct disorder that has been widely addressed to modify and reduce it, in this study, the effectiveness of emotion regulation training (ERT) in reducing the impulsivity of adolescents with Conduct Disorder in correction and rehabilitation centers was investigated.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test-follow-up with the control group. This study was conducted in 2020 in the statistical population of male clients in Ahvaz correction and rehabilitation center in the age range of 15 to 18 years. 30 adolescents were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions 90-minute focused on ERT and the control group was on the waiting list to receive the intervention. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and the 11th edition of the Bart impulsivity scale, which was completed by two groups in three rounds of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the intervention (60.25±6.28) and control (80.21±4.99) in impulsivity score (F = 62.595, P = 0.001) over time (P <0.05) and 69% of the observed differences in impulsivity score is due to the intervention.

ERT is an effective intervention in reducing impulsivity in adolescents with conduct disorder. Therefore, it is suggested that this intervention be used in other correction and rehabilitation centers across the country and other educational and medical institutions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between inferiority feeling and self-control with depression, anxiety and stress through mediation of social support in women with premenstrual syndrome.

The statistical population of this study was all women with premenstrual syndrome in ahvaz in the year 2020. The study was a correlational research based on structural equation modeling. In this regard, using targeted sampling method, a sample of 250 people were selected from those who completed the premenstrual symptoms questionnaire. Data were collected using premenstrual syndrome screening tool (2011), the Comparative feeling of inferiority index (1995), Self-control Questionnaire (2004), depression, anxiety and stress scale (2007) and Perceived social support scale (1986). SPSS25 and AMOS22 software were used to analyze the data.

The results supported the suitability of the relationship between the patterns and the collected data. The results revealed that social support mediated the relationship between inferiority feeling on depression and stress, as well as the relationship between self-control on depression and stress. However, this study did not find on indirect effect of social support on the inferiority feeling with anxiety and self-control on anxiety (p < 0/05). Also, the direct path of inferiority feeling with stress and social support with anxiety was not confirmed and the final model was removed.

Based on the results, social support can be considered as an effective factor in women with premenstrual syndrome in relation to the variables of inferiority feeling, self-control, depression, anxiety and stress.

Infidelity is a painful and complicated experience for couples. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of solution-based therapy on family functioning and couple burnout among women affected by spouse infidelity referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz.

The research method was experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. Participants included 30 women affected by spouse infidelity referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz in 2019, selected by purposive sampling method, and divided into two experimental and control groups of 15 people. Family functioning and couple burnout questionnaires were used to collect data. Before the intervention, a pre-test was held, and the experimental group received six 120-minute solution-based therapies, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test was then performed, and after one month of post-test, the follow-up period was performed. Data were analyzedusing covariance analysis via SPSS software version 22.

The mean (SD) age of participants was 33.7 (6.3) in the experimental group and 31.4 (5.9) in the control group. In the experimental group, the mean (SD) score of family functioning increasedfrom 128.4 (17.7) in the pre-test to 188.5 (22.8) in the post-test, and 192.1 (23.4) in the follow-up (P<0.001). In the control group, it varied from 125.4 (15.3) in the pre-test to 124.9 (15.8) in the post-test, and 123.7 (15.5) in the follow-up, which was not significant. In the experimental group, the mean (SD) score of couple burnout decreased from 124.0 (14.6) in the pre-test to 61.9 (8.9) in the post-test and 58.9 (9.8) in the follow-up (P<0.001). In the control group, it varied from 123.5 (12.5) in the pre-test to 124.7 (12.3) in the post-test, and 123.8 (11.4) in the follow-up, which was not significant.

Solution-based therapy improved family functioning and reduced marital burnout among women affected by spouse infidelity referred to counseling centers in Ahvaz.

Paying attention to the personality abilities of adolescents with conduct disorder can reduce the context of crime in them. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Positive Psychological Intervention" on social well-being in male adolescents with conduct disorder in Ahvaz Correctional Center.

The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test-follow-up with the control group. This study was conducted in 2020 in the statistical population of boy adolescents with conduct disorder in Ahvaz Correction and Rehabilitation Center in the age range of 15 to 18 years. 30 boy adolescents with conduct disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and then randomly divided into intervention and control groups using lottery. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions in 90-minute focused on “Positive Psychological Intervention” and the control group was on the waiting list to receive the intervention. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire and the “Social Well-Being Scale”, which was completed by two groups in three rounds of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The validity of this scale was based on previous studies and the reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was analyzed in SPSS.20.   

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the social welfare score (F=53.915, P=0.001) over time (P<0.05) and the scores of the intervention group from pre-test to follow-up. It has had an upward trend. In total, “Positive Psychological Intervention” explains 65% of the differences observed in social well-being scores.

“Positive Psychological Intervention” is an effective treatment method in increasing the social well-being of boy adolescents with conduct disorder. It is recommended to use “Positive Psychological Intervention” in other Correction and Rehabilitation Center.

Students with mathematics learning disability, because cognitive-behavioral dysfunctions, have defects in orientation and visual-spatial processing, which leads to defect in perception the spatial relationships and basic skills of mathematics. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training and motor perception on math disorder in students with learning disabilities of Tehran.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population was all the students (aged 9-12 years) having with learning disabilities of Tehran, of which 45 subjects were selected and randomly assigned into three groups of cognitive-behavioral training and motor perception and control (each 15 person). To collect data questionnaires such as Math disorder of K Matt Test (1988) were used. The experimental groups underwent individual Cognitive-Behavioral Training (10 sessions 60 minutes) and Motor perception (8 sessions 25 minutes), but the control group received no training. Data were analysed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral training and motor perception were effective to increasing math disorder in students with learning disabilities (p<0/01) and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training and motor perception on decrease math disorder in students with learning disabilities (p>0/05) & this result continued to follow.

Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral training and motor perception are used to decrease Math disorder in students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, hardiness and happiness with social adjustment in female students of Payam Noor University of Baghmalek city. In this research, the statistical population all of female students of Payam-e-Noor University of Baghmaolek in the 1396 who about 1400 people. The sample of this study, which consisted of 300 students, was selected on the basis of simple random sampling method. The instrument was used Perceptual Stress Questionnaire of Safar zadeh (2000), hardiness of Ahvaz (1377), Happiness of Argyle (1989), and Social Adjustment Questionnaire Bell (1989). The present study was a correlation. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between perceived stress and the level of social adjustment in students. There is a significant positive correlation between hardiness and social adjustment in students. There is a significant positive correlation between happiness and social adjustment in students. Happiness variable with beta coefficient of 0/21, hardiness variable with beta coefficient of 0/25 can be positive and significant and the perceived stress with beta coefficient of 0/21 can negatively and significantly affect social adjustment in students to predict.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital ,job satisfaction and social Phobia with organizational trust in the Eemployees of National Iranian Drilling Company in Ahvaz city. The sample was all the employees of national Iranian drilling company which 238 of them were selected through random sampling method. All participants were to complete organizational trust questionnaire Morman ,dishpound and zaltman(1992), psychological capital questionnaire Lotanz it al(2007) and job satisfaction questionnaire Judge and Bono(2000) and Social Anxiety questionnaire Watson and Friend(1969) for collecting data.This study was correlation research so to analysis data were used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. Results showed that all predictor variables psychological capital, job satisfaction and social anxiety were significant and positive correlation with organizational trust. Also, stepwise regression analyses revealed that predictor variables account for 29/3 percent of variance of organizational trust.The significant level in this study was p<0.01.

The purpose of present research was to examine the effectiveness of music therapy with religious approach on behavioral disorders and test anxiety in blind and partially sighted in elementary school students in Ahvaz. The sample consisted of 40 blind and partially sighted students) 20 boy and 20 girls) whom were randomly selected and divided into experiment and control groups. The research was experimental design of pre-test and post-test with a control group. the pre-test was administered for two groups then experimental group received 15 Quran song sessions each for a period of 30 minutes. For collecting data Rotter Behavioral Disorders Test and Ahwaz test Anxiety Inventory were used. Multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA was applied to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that at the end of the training course, in experimental group behavioral disorders and test anxiety were decreased in comparison to the control group (p<0.001). So the research concluded that music therapy with religious approach decreased the behavioral disorders and test anxiety in blind and partially sighted elementary school students and it was suggested the using of music therapy with religious approach along with the other common treatments as a complementary therapy to decrease the mentioned symptoms in blind and partially sighted students.

Metaphor therapy is a topic that has recently been studied in cognitive psychology. Metaphors can transfer the social and cultural concepts and application metaphor fits the client's culture increases the effectiveness of cognitive therapy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of metaphorical-cognitive therapy based on mathnavi on depression in students. The sample consisted of 60 students with depression symptoms that were selected by non-probability sampling and the subjected were randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). For the measurement of variable, back depression inventory was used. The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control. The 8 metaphor therapy session were conducted on the experimental group. The same test was administered to both groups as post-test. Data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that metaphorical-cognitive therapy based on mathnavi decreased depression of the experimental group compared with the control group.