مریم جامی اودولو

Geotourism is one of the branches of tourism that emphasizes geomorphology, hydrology, and geology of potential destinations and geosites, and its goal is to increase the economic power and welfare of host communities and destinations. The aim of the present study is to study and evaluate the impact of geotourism dimensions on economic development in villages of Khalkhal County (Case study: Majolan, Khojin, Kazaj).

To evaluate the studied villages, Kobalikwa models, which emphasize scientific, educational, economic, conservation, and additional criteria, and the Violet model, which examines geotourism areas based on four criteria: origin of formation, geographical distribution, tourism, and accessibility, were used.

The results obtained from the Kobalikwa model showed that Khojin village has taken the first place with a total score of 12.25, and the geographical diversity and biodiversity dimensions of this village have had a greater impact on the regional economy and have led to the economic development of Khojin village. Also, based on the results obtained from the Feyolt model, the village of Kazaj received an average score of 0.75 in the management rate section and an average score of 0.68 in the tourism rate section, and has taken the first place. Also, the geographical diversity and socio-political dimensions of this village have had the greatest impact on the regional economy and have increased economic power through the expansion of tourism in the region. Therefore, it is concluded that the villages of Khalkhal County have a high geographical diversity and in this respect can have a significant impact on the development of geotourism and the development of the regional economy. Finally, it is suggested that the effectiveness of geotourism dimensions in areas with potential potential be evaluated using various and new models.

Over the past few decades, discussions related to human development and its impact on economic growth have been of particular importance. The Human Development Index is a combination of three key components: life expectancy, per capita income, and literacy level, and is used to measure the level of development, analyze spatial justice, and regional inequality at the national and regional levels. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the economic factors affecting the improvement of the Human Development Index in Ardabil province. The type of research is descriptive-analytical.

The method of this study is based on quantitative-spatial approaches. The research method used in this study is a combination of documentary-library methods. In the analytical section, by considering the indicators and considerations of human development in the form of 13 target indicators, the economic factors affecting the improvement of the Human Development Index in Ardabil province have been examined on a case-by-case basis. To collect the required information, the main reliance was on the documents of the National Statistics Center, and the Morris model, GIS software, and Spss were used to analyze the collected data.

The results show that in terms of human development index, the three counties of Ardabil, Parsabad, and Meshginshahr are in the highest ranks, and the three counties of Kowsar, Namin, and Sarein are in the lowest ranks. Also, the spatial distribution of the human development index among the counties of the province shows that the central and northern counties of the province have relatively better conditions than the southern counties. Regarding the factors affecting the human development index, the results of the article showed that the indicators of rural percentage, household size, unemployment rate, dependency burden, actual dependency burden, theoretical dependency burden, and percentage of industrial sector employees, with correlation coefficients of 0.726, 0.768, 0.245, 0.512, 0.512, and 0.598, respectively, had a statistically significant negative relationship with the human development index, and the indicators of urbanization percentage, employment rate, economic participation rate, women's economic participation rate, percentage of agricultural sector employees, and percentage of service sector employees, with correlation coefficients of 0.726, 0.245, 0.395, 0.101, and 0.435, respectively, had a statistically significant positive relationship with the human development index.

The healthcare as one of the most important social sections has decisive role in the health of the community members in every community; so, it is underlined by all of the countries in the field of social welfare as one of the universal human rights. The present study aims to evaluate Ardabil's rural districts to possess Healthcare services with space justice approach. This research is practical and descriptive-evaluative in terms of purpose and nature respectively. For this purpose, 13 healthcare indicators were selected according to different texts and available statistics and they were weighed by entropy method and they were determined using this data in order to analyze in different methods (Topsis, Vicor, Saw) and the Copland method was finally determined for development level of healthcare services from the view point of spatial justice in Ardabil's villages. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was also used to examine the relationship among the rural districts development with the population and its distance from metropolitan centers. The obtained results of each method reveals that each of the models indicates different levels of healthcare development in view of spatial justice. So, an integration technique was used as Copeland in order to get general consensus. The results obtained from the performance of Copeland technique revealed that Rezagholi-Ghashlaghi, Dojagh and the Angote Sharghi were in the first grade and Vilkije-markazi, Meshgine-sharghi and Yortchie-gharbi were in the final grade respectively due to have the healthcare indicators. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between the rural districts' development with the population and their distance from civil centers. The obtained results of the rural districts' ranking based on development grade regarding healthcare indicators in view of spatial justice reveal that Ardabil's rural districts are in an unequal state in terms of having their healthcare indicators. According to the research results, it is proposed that the rural districts with lower grade in terms of the healthcare indicators (more deprived) should be in priority for planning and application of development projects.

The tourism industry, ranking as the third-largest sector, plays a crucial role in providing economic resources for cities. Effective management of tourism potential can create substantial income and support sustainable urban development. This research aims to identify challenges obstructing urban tourism development, focusing on Ardabil city as a case study. Employing a descriptive-exploratory approach, the study involves experts familiar with Ardabil's tourism industry as the research population. Fifteen experts were selected using the snowball sampling method as the statistical sample. The questionnaire's reliability was assessed through the retest method, yielding an initial correlation of 0.780 and a repeated correlation of 0.763, indicating acceptable reliability. Validity was ensured through content analysis, with data analyzed using Structural Interpretive Modeling (ISM). Findings reveal that an organization with an influence power of 8 has the greatest impact, while socio-cultural challenges hold the least influence at 5.

Threats to urban areas are known today as a common phenomenon in all natural and unnatural crises. With the increase of natural crises, insecurity and destructive internal and external wars and the targeting of management and command centers, including governorates, the use of passive defense principles in locating government offices, especially governorates, becomes increasingly important. Considering the proximity of Ardabil city to the northern and northwestern borders of the country and also considering the fact that the governorate building of Ardabil city is located in the center of the city with poor access and traffic congestion, therefore, the present research aims to identify a new place to build The building of the governorate of Ardabil city has been done using indicators and principles of passive defense. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. In line with the discussion framework, 23 indicators were prepared in the form of 6 components of compatibility, comfort, utility, efficiency, health and safety standards and passive defense. The collected data were weighted in the SuperDecision software, then mapped in the GIS environment and finally zoned using the TOPSIS technique.

The right to the city is defined as a new form of citizenship so that all citizens can control and participate in the production of urban space. As half of the society, women do not have the opportunity to enjoy urban spaces equally compared to men. In this regard, although the space may be shared and the genders share it, but this issue will be different depending on different places and times, and as a result, gendered spaces are formed. Considering the importance of the issue, the aim of this article is to identify the pattern of presence in the female space on the right to the city with a gender-selective approach. In terms of purpose, the present research is practical and based on the method of data collection, it is descriptive-analytical survey type. The statistical population of the research is made up of women of Ardabil city, among them, 384 questionnaires were administered using Cochran's formula in a simple random manner. was distributed To analyze the collected data, one-sample t-tests and Friedman's test were used for ranking in Spss software. Based on the findings of the research, gender segregation in women's spaces is evaluated by women at an unfavorable level, and overall, the amount of gender segregation in women's spaces is less than the average (theoretical mean = 3) of all the investigated indicators. The results of Friedman's test also indicate that social and cultural criteria are more influential on gender segregation.

Segregation is a topic worthy of attention in most cities of the world; selective segregation causes a strong focus on poverty and the emergence of the lower classes, which can cause the spread of many problems in the city. Based on this, the present research has been conducted to analyze and rank the factors affecting concentration and segregation in Ardabil city, with an emphasis on economic criteria. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive, and analytical. In order to collect data, documentary and field methods have been exerted. Documentary data have been extracted from the report of Iran Statistics Center related to Ardabil city (2017). Also, in order to measure the average income, employment, wealth, and land price, the field method and questionnaire distribution have been exploited. The statistical population of the research consists of citizens of Ardabil city; 383 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula. In this research, Geo-Segregation software used segregation indices to measure segregation in Ardabil city. Finally, the indicators were ranked using the critical weighting method, and the regions using the EDAS technique. The results obtained from the Geo-Segregation software indicate that the life expectancy index is observed equally in the regions of Ardabil city. However, income and employment indicators are more difficult than other indicators. Also, District 3 of Ardabil, with the highest score, is in privileged status, and District 4, with the lowest score, is in deprived status compared to other regions. Such inequality distribution has caused the level of satisfaction of people from the residential neighborhood to social comparison. As a result, the feeling of deprivation and social inequality undergo fundamental changes, requiring more attention from management and urban planning

Harm to animals is a socially abnormal behavior that in recent years, has been one of the examples of violence against animals, their killing or inappropriate social treatment by citizens, and one of the reasons for social fear and unprincipled treatment of urban animals, insufficient knowledge of They are. Animals are part of the natural society and have an effective and undeniable role in balancing the natural system. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the social factors affecting the phenomenon of animal abuse in the city of Ardabil in terms of evaluating the indicators and components related to the phenomenon of animal abuse. The research method is applied according to the purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method. The data required for this study have been collected through field and documentary methods. The statistical population of the study is Ardabil. In order to study the social factors affecting the phenomenon of animal abuse in the urban environment, 4 indicators in the form of 23 items were used, then the PROMETHEE multi-criteria decision model was used to analyze the data. The results show that the cultural-educational index with a score of 0.0208, the legal index with a score of 0.01614, the environmental index with a score of 0.01533, and the social index with a score of -0.00253 have the highest and lowest impact on the phenomenon of animal abuse, respectively. They are in Ardabil. It is necessary that the average of all studied indicators in terms of effectiveness is also higher than the average (3).

In developing countries, due to the extreme socio-economic differences, inequality and lack of balance in urban services, the spatial difference between cities has intensified and spatial separation has emerged in the city. Different levels of this phenomenon appear in rural-urban areas during the process of horizontal development and integration of villages in the city. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze the separation and selection in rural-urban areas with emphasis on the development of Mian Afza in Ardabil city. The current research method is descriptive-exploratory. The statistical population of the research is the experts and specialists (familiar with the topics of urban segregation) of Ardabil city, due to the unknown number of them and the ambiguity of their familiarity with the topics of urban segregation (especially the indicators of segregation in the fields of Rostashahri), experts were identified using the snowball method. In this regard, the number of expert samples continued until obtaining better knowledge and theoretical saturation in the answers received (closeness and repetition of answers), and finally reached 10 people. In this regard, after the selection indicators in rural and urban areas were extracted through library studies, the aforementioned experts were interviewed and after summarizing the indicators, the content validity of the challenges was obtained. Finally, the specialized questionnaire of the effectiveness and effectiveness of the indicators was again evaluated by the same 10 relevant expert.

Today, the tourism industry is one of the pillars affecting the urban and regional economy and is a powerful tool that includes economic, social and environmental effects. Urban tourism, as one of the sub-sectors of tourism, has recently received the attention of planners and administrators. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to investigate the impact of urban tourism indicators on the urban and regional economy, which has been carried out on a case-by-case basis in Ardabil city. The current research is applied in terms of its nature and descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 experts and specialists. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the research was obtained using face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha 0.828. In order to analyze the data and prioritize the indicators in terms of effectiveness, the EDAS multi-criteria decision making model was used in the form of Excel software. The results of the application of the mentioned model showed that among the selected indicators, the physical-spatial index with the highest score (1) is in the first place and the human resource management structure index with the lowest score (0.728) in the first ranks, respectively. They are placed last.

Cities as a suitable place and urbanization as a desirable way of life are considered to be one of the most important centers of development. Meanwhile, cultural traditions as an important category in sustainable urban development with the penetration and influence of capitalist culture in the third world, including Iran, have caused heterogeneous urban concentration and accelerated urban growth. In order to solve the upcoming challenges, several viewpoints have been formulated in order to achieve sustainability; One of the newest and most successful approaches is the Peaceful City movement, which was created as a cultural movement to increase the quality of life and reduce speed in cities. Based on this, the current research has been compiled with the aim of investigating the role of cultural traditions on the sustainable development of Ardabil city with the approach of Aram city, for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data required for this study have been collected through field and documentary methods. The statistical population of the research corresponds to the 5 regions of Ardabil city. To rank the 5 regions of Ardabil city in terms of Shahr Aram indicators, Vicor's multi-criteria decision making model was used in the Excel environment. Shannon's entropy model has also been used to weight the indicators. The findings of the research indicate that the average of the indicators was below the average, so that except for the infrastructure index, the average of all the indicators was less than 3. The results obtained from the implementation of the Vicor model also show that the highest rank belongs to region two and the lowest rank belongs to region one. 

In the modern capitalist system, the city is considered as a suitable place and urbanism as a desirable way of living in it. The rise and influence of the capitalist culture in the third world, including Iran, followed the trend of industrialization, and the assembly and related industry, as a clear symbol of that irreparable damage and complications, was planted in the economic and social structure of the Iranian society. Among its consequences is the heterogeneous urban concentration and rapid growth of the urban population due to the extensive rural-urban migration. A process that actually causes the transfer of the mostly poor population to the cities. The expansion of urban life and urbanism and the concentration of capital in cities have caused neglect of rural areas. which causes population flow or in other words migration from villages to cities and vice versaThe excessive reliance of modern urbanism on the needs of vehicular movement and neglecting the maintenance and organization of pedestrian spaces has led to the decline of social, cultural and visual values, and as a result, the quality of life and urban livability decreases. The rapid growth of cities, the exponential increase of the urban population, and the subsequent inappropriate and disorganized physical growth, have the consequences of dissatisfaction with urban life and are associated with the loss of vitality. Our time is the time of speed; Travel, communication, production and exchange, weather changes, etc. are faster. With the ren

Noise pollution can be found today in most urban and industrial areas of cities, which has many effects on hearing, emotions, psyche and human body, and its high level can cause serious damage to the health of the individual and society. The city of Ardabil is not free from this problem and noise pollution can be seen in the crowded and busy squares and intersections of the city. These squares and intersections have not been studied as they should be and perhaps from the angle of noise pollution in order to pay attention to specific reactions in proportion to the load of noise pollution and the reflection of its effects. Therefore, in the present study, the situation of noise pollution in crowded and busy intersections and intersections of Ardabil city in the distance between Tazeh Maidan and Sarein station has been investigated. According to the issues raised, the present study seeks to answer the question of what is the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil city (fresh distance from the square to Sarein station)?

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The required information has been collected in the form of field studies and the use of questionnaires, interviews, observations and library-documentary studies according to the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research. The statistical population of the study consists of the citizens of Ardabil, which has 525,702 people, of which 382 people were selected as a sample based on the Cochran's formula. In order to increase the accuracy of the work, a total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and completed by stratified random sampling method (70 questionnaires for each of the selected fields). The results of calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for the questionnaire were 0.823, which indicates the high reliability of the research tool.All steps of data processing were performed with Excel and SPSS software and finally to prioritize the studied fields in terms of noise pollution from The COPRAS multi-criteria decision model is used.COPRAS model:Multi-criteria decision models (MCDMs), sometimes called multi-objective decision models and multi-criteria analysis models, are actually a set of methods that allow decision makers to consider A set of criteria (often contradictory) to select, rank, sort, or describe a set of options in the decision-making process .Many models have been proposed for multi-criteria decisions, each of which has advantages and limitations (Poor Taheri, 1392: 37). The most important features of Coopras multi-criteria decision model compared to other multi-criteria decision models can be mentioned as follows:1- It is clear that this model is simpler than other models such as AHP and TOPSIS and requires less time for calculations compared to these methods.2. Coopers can provide a complete ranking of options.3- This model is able to use both quantitative and qualitative criteria to calculate the criteria.4. Coopers has the ability to calculate positive (maximum) and negative (minimum) criteria separately in the evaluation process.5. Another important feature that makes the Coopras decision model superior to other decision models is that it can estimate the degree of importance of each option and show it by percentage to what extent a better option or It is worse and in this respect to make a complete comparison between the options.The following is a calculation of the Coopras model.Step 1: Form the initial matrixAfter determining the weight of the criteria, the decision matrix is formed as the first step of the Coopers model. The decision matrix means that the options are on one side of the matrix and the criteria are on the other.Step 2: Form a collective decision matrix In this step, the respondents' opinions are aggregated using the arithmetic mean.Step 3: Formation of normalized (weighted) matrix To weight the decision matrix, using Equation (1), the values of each option are multiplied by their weight and divided by the sum of the values. Relationship (1): dij = In this formula, qi is the weight of the i index and xij is the value of each option per criterion: Step 4: Calculate the value of positive and negative criteria (Sj- & Sj-) In this step, we calculate the positive sj + criteria using Equation (2) and the negative sj- criteria using Equation (3). A positive or consistent criterion is a criterion that, as its value increases, its desirability increases, but for negative criteria, the desirability decreases as the value increases. After determining the positive and negative criteria, the final value of the positive and negative criteria should be calculated using equations (2) and (3).Relationship (2): Sj+ Relationship (3): Sj- Step 5: Calculate the final value of the options (Q value) In this step, the final value of each option (Q) is calculated. In this section, first 1 is divided by Sj and then according to Equation (4), the value of Q is calculated for each option, in which the value of Q indicates the value and importance of each option in terms of criteria. Step 6: Determine the desirability of the options Finally, using Equation (5), the option with a degree of desirability close to one is the best option. That is, it is enough to divide the number Q among the numbers obtained in the previous step by the maximum Q. The total value of each criterion varies from 0 to 100% and the best and worst option is determined among this range.

In this study, in order to evaluate the situation of noise pollution in busy squares and intersections of Ardabil city, a 5-point Likert scale was used and ranks 1 to 5 were assigned to the answers, score 1 indicates the lowest quality and score 5 indicates The highest quality is the relevant criterion. Thus, the number 3 is considered as the theoretical median of the answers and the average obtained from the noise pollution situation is compared with the number 3. Based on the results of statistical calculations, the highest amount of noise pollution is related to the market with an average (4.476) and the lowest amount of noise pollution is related to Sarein station with an average (3.573). The average of total noise pollution is also higher than the average (3). In the Coopers model, the option that has the best status in terms of criteria is identified with the highest degree of Nj importance, which is equal to 100%; As can be seen in Table 2, Sarein station with Nj 100 has the lowest amount of noise pollution and in the best condition and market intersection with Nj 386/80 has the most noise pollution and in the most unfavorable condition compared to other squares and intersections has been studied. Among the studied variables, the variable related to the amount of noise caused by the activities of businesses and street vendors in the market area has had the greatest impact on increasing the amount of noise pollution at this intersection.

Urban segregation is a topic worthy of attention in most cities of the world; Because in many cities, this separation has been, if not the originator, but has aggravated some social problems, and many social and economic problems of such societies arise from the existence of residential segregation, which has become an important challenge in urban and residential policymaking. It has been in the cities. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to measure the residential segregation of Ardabil city using multi-group measurement index. The research method is quantitative and its approach is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research is the legal area of Ardabil city in 2015 and the sample size is all the statistical blocks of the mentioned year. The required data was analyzed in the form of a map using geographic information system, GeoDa software and spatial separation analysis. For this purpose, it was first measured the degree of segregation of several groups between the upper, middle and lower classes of the city. The results showed that there is a moderate separation between the strata in the city. Based on the results obtained from spatial statistics methods, it was found that among the 6738 city blocks in 2015, Ardabil city has a centralized and cluster structure. In a general summary of the results obtained based on the indicators used, it can be said that the spatial structure of Ardabil city has a concentrated pattern and the areas with the highest degree of urban deprivation are located in the northwest and southeast parts and mainly include Informal settlement areas are areas with middle disorganized texture and textures with rural background.

Urban segregation is a significant issue in most cities around the world; Because urban segregation causes a strong focus on poverty and the emergence of the lower classes, which in itself can cause the emergence, expansion or aggravation of many issues and problems in the city. According to the present study, these are the social space of educational and occupational groups in Ardabil. The research method is quantitative and its approach is descriptive-analytical. The data used in this study were prepared from the Statistics Center of Iran and are related to the 2011 census of Ardabil. The required data were analyzed in the form of a map using GIS, GeoDa software and spatial separation analysis. For this purpose, the extent of single-group separation between the upper, middle and lower classes of the city was first measured. The results showed that there is a moderate separation between the strata in the city. Also, by examining spatial statistics methods such as Moran autocorrelation index, mean of nearest neighborhood unit, general G statistic and K-Ripley test based on 2011 statistical data based on 1415 statistical blocks of Ardabil city, the results showed that Ardabil city is a centralized structure. And has a cluster. in a general overview of the results obtained based on the indices used, the spatial structure of the city is located in the north west and south - east and mainly consists of informal settlement zones, with the middle - out tissue and the backgrounds with rural backgrounds.

Social harms are among the main pivots and topics of urban pathology studies in most cities and security is the prerequisite of a healthy community, and security feeling is the basis for the development of human societies. The presence of people in the public places of the city requires some sort of security feeling on their part. Due to the outbreak of the Corona virus and the dramatic enhancement of social harms, the disease became a serious threat to cities and communities. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the social harms of COVID-19 on the social security feeling in public spaces in the city of Ardabil with emphasis on the criteria of social harm and their prioritization for future planning.

This research is of applied type in terms of purpose; and in terms of nature is descriptive and analytical. The required data were obtained through survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Ardabil, where 383 people were estimated as the sample size based on the Cochran's formula. Whereas simple random sampling method was used, 383 questionnaires were distributed and completed in public spaces of Ardabil (parks, squares in the city center and commercial areas). To measure the social harms emanated from corona in public spaces, the relevant indicators are weighted using entropy method and social harms are ranked using multi-criteria decision-making techniques (TOPSIS, SAV, VICOR) and ultimately Copland merger technique was used to achieve final prioritization.

Based on the criteria used, and the results of the implementation of these techniques, the criterion of reducing social interactions and individualism and social isolation with the lowest score (-14) is in the first place; and the criterion of wickedness in public places with the highest score (12) is in the last rank in terms of social harms in the public places.

According to the respondents, the outbreak of COVID- 19 virus and adhering to health protocols such as "staying at home" and "quarantine", has enhanced social harms, which is more prominent and visible in public places. Finally, according to the research findings, some suggestions are presented for improving the security status of public spaces.

Today, increasing urbanization and increasing urban settlements have the greatest impact on the environment and the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Symbolic consumerism, which is a kind of lifestyle, causes people with similar tastes to gather in affluent neighborhoods of cities, while giving a special identity to their place of residence. They prevent people with different lifestyles from entering these neighborhoods. This has led to problems such as segregation in certain areas of the city, which will be addressed in the following article. Therefore, in the present study, the ranking of urban neighborhoods and the extent of separation of target neighborhoods in the city of Ardabil have been measured and evaluated by descriptive and analytical methods using the multi-criteria decision-making method of Idas; To measure the degree of separation, selection of cities and symbolic consumerism of Ardabil. 7 criteria were used to rank the separation of Ardabil city. Relevant indicators were weighted using the Curtink method and the criteria were ranked using the Idas decision-making technique. Based on the metrics used in the research and the result of the implementation of the Idas technique, the neighborhoods of region 3 of Ardabil city are in the most unfavorable situation in terms of consumerism and are in the last place in the neighborhoods of the regions. 4 are in the best position with the most points. District 4 neighborhoods, because they are informal settlements, have had the least negative impact on the environment in terms of consumerism.The formation of human forms and perspectives in relation to the social processes that make them up. Separation in cities is one of the issues that is formed under the influence of different processes and over time. How the process is formed is related to the spaces that define social relations within geographical environments at different times and the dialectical relationship with individuals, society, prevailing ideology, interests, desires, economic characteristics, It is social and cultural in the same society. In this respect, space has a relational and relative state and changes at different times due to the existence of a dialectical relationship within itself. It can be argued that cities are the most important sources of environmental pollution and population centers, machines, industry, buildings and technology. Cities are also centers for the accumulation of pollutants such as air pollution, noise pollution, non-recyclable or industrial waste, and even water pollution. On the other hand, lifestyle, which refers to people's way of life, social values, activities, behavioral patterns, consumption and habits of people throughout life, indicates the sociability of individuals and the culture of society, major influences on It leaves the urban environment. As the urban population increases, the urban environment becomes more important, because increasing urbanization, increasing the growth rate of cities and making them the most common form of human life has had the greatest impact on the environment. The density of urban population has increased and pollution in cities has reached such a level that the city has become one of the main centers of environmental pollution. Specific urban lifestyles, such as the need for more travel and transportation, which increase energy consumption, are among the city's environmental impacts. Since the urban environment is the first environment with which humans are in contact and carry out economic and social activities in its context, the urban space is affected by human activities. Among these, economic activities play a major role in transforming the environment and the city, because "the relationship between man and the environment is done through work." As the economic factor poses the greatest challenges to urban and environmental sustainability. It has become one of the factors causing the environmental crisis. Consumerism is one of the silent enemies of nature, because the higher the consumption, the greater the use of nature as a tool for crop production and waste generation. Among these, cities are the most important origins of consumerism. When consumption is considered to be the most important concern of society in society, subconsciously all social developments and desires are formed in line with the category of consumption and consumerism. Consumer taste is the most important concern in the capitalist system and the place where this taste can be tested is nowhere but the city. Simultaneous postmodernism and globalization have contributed to this and trapped societies in the consumption-diversity cycle. Consumerism has progressed to the point where social classes are also separated by the consumption of goods and the type of consumption. This has caused people with similar consumer characteristics in the heart of Islamic-Iranian cities to try to separate themselves from others. So that the luxury and consumer lifestyle in the cities of Iran today has created a new border. Separation in cities is a phenomenon that can be traced to various factors such as social, cultural, religious, ethnic, economic status of households and citizens. One of the cultural and social characteristics of urban households is their characteristics and consumption characteristics. Why and for what reason a person chooses a particular neighborhood depends on various factors. Different lives have a distinct difference with the neighborhoods of the four cities. The present article intends to investigate the role of symbolic consumerism in the separation and selection of cities in the neighborhoods of the third and fourth districts of Ardabil. In this regard, the current research seeks to answer the following question: Based on the criteria of separation and consumerism studied in the study, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil?MethodologyThe research method of the present study is based on descriptive-analytical method and is applied in terms of purpose. In order to collect data, documentary and field methods have been used, and then the main part of the research is survey based on the fact that through the distribution of questionnaires, the information required for segregation and consumerism criteria has been collected. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of regions three and four of Ardabil city (204314 people) of which 383 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula and since the random sampling method was simple, so 383 questionnaires It was distributed and completed according to the number of households in its areas and neighborhoods. It should be noted that the questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire. To like the questions, a five-point Likert scale was used (1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = medium, 4 = high, 5 = very high). In order to analyze and rank the factors affecting segregation in the city and following the goal that according to the criteria of segregation and consumerism studied, what is the priority of neighborhoods in the third and fourth districts of Ardabil? The indicators of segregation and consumerism criteria were prioritized using the Idas technique. The content validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts. To calculate the reliability of the questions, the questionnaire was first administered on a sample of 383 people and then the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and the overall coefficient 0.830 was obtained, which indicates the high level of reliability of the questionnaire. Excel software was used to analyze the data and after weighting the studied indicators using the critical method, the target areas were ranked using the EDAS model. EDAS model The Idas model is one of the new multi-criteria decision making techniques. The Idas model means evaluation based on the distance from the mean solution and this technique is used to rank the options. In methods such as TOPSIS or VICOR, we measure the optimal option based on the distance from the positive and negative ideal, that is, the optimal option that has the shortest distance from the positive ideal and the maximum distance from the negative ideal. But in the EDAS method, the best solution is the distance from the average solution (AV). In this method, we do not need to calculate the positive and negative ideals, but consider two criteria for evaluating the desirability of options; The first is a measure of positive distance from the mean (PDA) and the second is a negative distance from the mean (NDA).

Waste disposal and accumulation in the environment is well known as an environmental and human health problem that, in addition to environmental aesthetic issues, is a threat to the mental, physical, and emotional health of citizens. Despite the positive effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on the environment, it has also had negative effects on the environment. This study aimed to pathologically analyze the environmental behavior of citizens in District 3 of Ardabil with emphasis on littering during the COVID-19 pandemic and taking into account four criteria (lack of facilities, dirty environment, anonymity, and habit of littering). 

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Excel and SPSS software (to estimate the average answers to the questionnaire) were used to analyze the data. To measure the environmental behaviors of the citizens of the studied areas, the relevant indicators were used with the entropy weighting method and the target areas were classified using decision-making techniques. Finally, the Copeland integration technique was used to achieve the final prioritization.

Based on the findings of various decision-making techniques, the Molayosef and Molabashi neighborhoods were in the most unfavorable situation with the lowest score and ranked first in terms of waste distribution, and the Rezvan neighborhood was in the last rank with the highest score and had the best status.

Since many citizens consider the lacked or poor waste disposal services as one of the important reasons for littering behavior, therefore, providing health-care and education infrastructure in the city is very important to encourage community members toward responsible environmental behaviors.

Population growth, the proliferation of motor vehicles, the rise of industry, and the life of human societies in general, along with growing technology, are among the causes of abnormal noise that causes noise pollution. The effects of noise pollution are harmful and threaten the health of living organisms, especially humans. Industrial development improves the quality of human life, which in the absence of proper and accurate control, causes environmental pollution.With the mechanization of life, noise pollution has penetrated the most private parts of citizens' lives. This has been particularly effective for high-risk groups such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and the mentally ill. Therefore, it is clear that today in urban life, we are witnessing the occurrence of environmental pollutants such as noise pollution, which is currently one of the most important environmental pollution affecting the health of citizens. In recent years, noise pollution has always been one of the main concerns of living in urban environments and has affected the quality of life of people around the world. Noise pollution is known as one of the factors affecting the quality of human life.Environmental pollution has attracted more and more global attention in the last three decades. Meanwhile, the issue of noise pollution in cities in most countries, is a global problem that is considered an important category to determine the quality of life of citizens. With these descriptions, it can be said that this phenomenon is clearly visible a serious risk factor, especially in the crowded and noisy intersections of the city. On the other hand, the situation of noise pollution and its influential components in busy and crowded squares and intersections can be an income for the gradual organization of the relevant problems. However, this problem is a long-standing and obvious problem in cities, especially in busy intersections. These squares and intersections have not been examined as they should be and perhaps in terms of noise pollution status in order to have specific reactions in proportion to the load of noise pollution and the reflection of its effects. And it is not clear which of the city's intersections has more noise pollution than the other to prioritize intervention for planning and management to reduce this phenomenon. Therefore, in "Study", the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil in three specific time intervals during the day has been investigated.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The required information has collected in the form of field studies and the use of questionnaires, interviews, observations and library-documentary studies according to the nature of the problem and the purpose of the research. In order to assess the situation of noise pollution during three different hours in squares and central and busy intersections of Ardabil city, different components were selected. The statistical population of the study consists of citizens of Ardabil, which has 525,702 people, of which 382 people were selected as a sample based on Cochran's formula. In order to increase the accuracy of the work, a total of 420 questionnaires were distributed and completed by stratified random sampling method (70 questionnaires for each of the selected fields). The results of calculating the Cronbach's alpha test for a questionnaire of 0.823 were obtained, which indicates the high reliability of the research tool.All data processing steps were performed with Excel and SPSS software, and finally measuring and determining the time of noise pollution at different hours in the range The study was conducted using Friedman test, which has a high scientific validity in this field. Since it is appropriate to use Friedman test for intra-group designs (dependent samples), so in the present study, Friedman test has been used. This means that the Friedman test is a generalized Wilcoxon test and is the nonparametric equivalent of the repeated measures test. In this test, we have a group of people or subjects who have been assessed in at least two situations or two different time periods. The goal is to compare changes in scores (median) over several (2 or more) situations or time periods. Researchers generally use this test to rank or prioritize.

Environmental pollution has attracted more and more global attention in the last three decades. Meanwhile, the issue of noise pollution in cities in most countries, is a global problem that is considered as an important category to determine the quality of life of citizens. Since the pollution situation in different squares is not the same, for this purpose, recognizing the severity and weakness of this problem in each of the squares and intersections of the city and the variables affecting it can improve the performance and better decision of city managers in Have the above dilemma. Therefore, in Study 2, the situation of noise pollution in squares and busy intersections of Ardabil in three specific time intervals during the day has been investigated. Based on the status of noise pollution by components affecting it and according to the results of the implementation of Friedman test extracted from the questionnaire, the highest level of pollution in Shariati Square and then the market in the third period and the lowest level of pollution in all 3 time periods. Sarein station is dedicated. In view of the problem in order to reduce and control noise pollution in the studied squares and intersections, the following solutions are proposed:The most important and practical action in this field is voice control. Because the highest amount of noise pollution in these areas is due to the movement of cars and motorcycles; Culture-building to avoid any noise pollution through the media in the field of familiarity with the rights and duties of citizenship; Strengthen the green cover of the range; Designing and proposing the withdrawal of new street constructions and the creation of a green terrace; Encourage people to use public transportation or bicycles and walk, organize the location of stations and vehicle stops and paths leading to intersections; Use of urban furniture resistant to atmospheric factors to eliminate abnormal noises; Use of sound barriers such as vertical walls with wood, plaster, glass, concrete, stone, tall and wide metals suitable for street spaces; Construction of green space; Increasing the level of urban green space, especially trees, to reduce pollution and consequently prevent physical and mental complications in residents.

Solar energy with unique benefits such as cheapness, no pollution, unlimited and inexhaustible and no negative impact on the environment has been increasingly considered as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, despite the favorable geographical location of Iran, less use has been made of this energy. The present study aims to analyze and prioritize the non-use of solar energy in residential areas of Ardabil with emphasis on environmental sustainability and taking into account 8 criteria. This research is applied in terms of purpose and method in terms of descriptive-analytical and survey type. In order to analyze and prioritize the non-use of solar energy in residential areas of Ardabil, the relevant indicators are weighted using entropy method and the criteria are ranked using multi-criteria decision making techniques (TOPSIS, SAV, VICOR) and finally for the group. Finding the final prioritization used the Capland integration technique. Based on the metrics used in the present study and the results of the implementation of these techniques, managerial, economic and educational components in the first place and social, legal and technical components in the last place in terms of effective components in not using energy Solar relative to other components. According to the respondents, the most important factor in the reluctance of citizens to use solar energy in Ardabil is related to managerial and economic barriers.

Although the outbreak of coronary heart disease initially resulted in high rates of death from viral infections, over time, the dramatic increase in social ills caused the disease to become a serious threat to cities. Accordingly, the present study has been conducted with the aim of assessing the social harms caused by corona the neighborhoods of region 3 of Ardabil city by emphasizing the criteria of social harm and prioritizing them for future planning. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. The required data were obtained through survey and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of study consists of citizens of District 3 of Ardabil city, of which 382 people were estimated as a sample based on Cochran's formula. Since the random sampling method was classified, 30 questionnaires and total of 480 questionnaires were distributed and completed for each neighborhood. To assess the social damage caused by the corona the studied areas, the relevant indicators using The entropy method of weighting and target areas were ranked using multi-criteria decision making techniques (TOPSIS, SAV, VICOR) and finally the Kopland integration technique was used to achieve the final prioritization. the results of implementation of the mentioned techniques, Malayosev and Malabashi neighborhoods with the lowest score the most unfavorable situation and in the first rank and Rezvan neighborhoods with the highest score in the last rank and with the best status in terms of social harms compared to other neighborhoods According to the respondents, following the outbreak of Covid virus 19 and the psychological stress caused by financial incapacity and economic poverty, it has increased social harms, which is more pronounced in urban suburbs such as Malabashi, Malayusuf and Bahonar.