مریم جلالی

After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, copers have better neuromuscular control and kinesiophobia than non-copers. Using a knee brace can improve mechanical stability and proprioception after an injury. This study aims to determine the effect of using a hybrid knee brace in acute ACL rupture on coping ability, kinesiophobia, and proprioception.

In this randomized clinical trial study, 30 people with acute ACL rupture were allocated into the experimental (Mean±SD age: 29.6±7.7 years, Mean±SD time since injury: 37.7±20.7 days) and control groups (Mean±SD age: 27.8±7.0 years, Mean±SD time since injury: 48.0±21.3 days). The sampling method was nonprobability, convenient sampling, and was randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups using permutation blocks (four blocks of four). The experimental group used the hybrid knee brace for 4 weeks during daily activities, 4 hours a day, along with routine physiotherapy. The physiotherapy program included increasing the knee’s range of motion, reducing edema, and strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, which were performed by an experienced therapist for both groups in 10 sessions. After one month, the coping ability was measured by screening examination; kinesiophobia was measured by the Tampa scale (TSK-11), and proprioception was assessed by joint position sense measurement by a dynamometer. Mixed within-between analysis of variance was used to evaluate the variables. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22 with a significant level of 0.05.

Based on the screening examination, 7 people in the experimental group (53.8%) and 3 in the control group (23.1%) were copers after the intervention. However, the difference between the two groups was not significant. Regarding joint position sense, the experimental group had less deviation from the target angle (3.22±1.55 degrees) than the control group (6.32±1.70 degrees) (P<0.001). The score of the Tampa questionnaire improved in both groups (P<0.001) without any significant difference between them.

Using a hybrid knee brace after an acute ACL injury can increase proprioception and coping ability in the patients and may reduce the need for ligament reconstruction surgery.

Literature is a full-view mirror of the conditions of every society in different historical eras, and literary texts are always the best reference for studying and examining the social conditions of different strata of people in every era. Children are also the main foundations of the formation of any society, and examining the role and attention of scholars and writers of each nation and nation to this group of society can shed light on many cultural and social issues of that era. For this reason, in the upcoming research, the manner and frequency of children's presence in one of the valuable texts of Persian literature, Boostan, will be investigated in the context of the lifestyle theory of Alfred Adler, the leading psychologist of the 20th century. The findings of this article show that paying attention to children's gender is not very important in the garden, and even where gender is mentioned, boys are considered, and among parenting styles, authoritarian and authoritarian styles are the most present. This shows Sa’adi's advice-giving and idealistic spirit. Two months have been spent to conduct this research (data collection and analysis).

Children fiction’s writers have their own standards and criteria. Researchers and critics in the field of children's literature also provide reviews and standards.Meanwhile, there is no comprehensive and targeted study that can give specific criteria and structural and content components for children's literature.The current research aims to extract "structural and content components and criteria of children's literature" for the age group of 12 to 18 years children.This study was conducted using a systematic review method and carried out by searching for articles based on these keywords "Fictional Literature", "Juvenile Literature", "Children's Literature", "Structure", "Content" and "component" in several scientific databases: Noormagz, Magiran, Ensani, ISC, the University of Tehran’s Scientific Journals database and Civilica databases were conducted. The criteria and components of fiction literature for children and adolescents were extracted.By conducting a systematic review, 834 articles were extracted. During the screening process of the articles by examining the titles, abstracts, and full text of the extracted articles, finally, 8 articles were selected for the final analysis. The extracted components were divided into two main classes content and structural components. The content class was divided into three subclasses: psychological, educational skills, and teenagers' interests and tastes. The structure class was also classified into three subclasses: literary features, story type, and title, and characterization.The results of this research show that there are subtle structural and content differences between juvenile fiction and children's or adult fiction that should be taken into account when writing stories for this age group. The results, as structural and content criteria of children's literature, can be a basis for managers and decision-makers in the field of children's and adolescent literature for planning and policy-making in this area; Especially for the age group of 12 to 18 years.

Women's literary text is influenced in form and content by the psychological, physiological characteristics, and social experiences, as well as by the cultural patterns and customs of the writer. The theory of the depth of gendered language by critic Rabin Lekaf showed that women use different linguistic patterns than men. In view of this, we seek in this research to study the lexical level in the Arabic and Persian women’s novel to study the extent and validity of the influence of gender on the language of the women’s text. After studying the lexical level in the Arabic women's novel and the Persian It became clear that the two writers were similar in their use of some feminine linguistic patterns, such as colours , adjectives, vocal patterns, and emphasizing words. However, the Iranian writer took great care of the presence of most of the feminine linguistic elements in her story, which made her literary narrative more feminine, while the Syrian writer was more feminine in her presence. Some of the feminine linguistic elements in her story, such as words related to women's activities, colloquial words, and repetition patterns, are much less present than in the Iranian story. Which made her linguistic patterns closer to the masculine style.

Stories read or heard by children have a profound impact on their thoughts and emotions, helping them better understand and resolve problems (Elyasi, citing Poluski, 1396:44). Children’s literature refers to a collection of literary and artistic texts and works aimed at children and adolescents under 15 years of age. Stories, narratives, and tales have the power to captivate readers for hours and transport them away from the real world (Elyasi, 1396:36). According to the World Health Organization, cancer is a disease that can affect any part of the body and comes in many forms (WHO, 2020). Today, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the latest statistics in 2020, 10 million people die from this chronic disease each year (Ferlay et al., 2020). Bibliotherapy (poetry therapy and storytelling) is particularly important in the treatment of children with life-threatening illnesses such as cancer. The essential pattern of storytelling includes elements that can be used to create a compelling and effective story.

This research employes quasi-experimental method and is a pre-test, post-test study with a control group. In this design, the subjects have been randomly selected and assigned to different groups. Before the independent variable is implemented, the selected subjects in both groups are measured and assessed through a pre-test. In this study, the pre-test plays a role in applying statistical control, comparison, and ultimately measuring the amount of change caused by the experiments (Delavar, 1394:15). The sample of this study consists of children with cancer whom the researcher recruited over two months using three questionnaires and two stages of bibliotherapy. The set of tools used to collect data in this research includes the following three:_ Children’s hope scale Spence children’s anxiety scale (SCAS) A questionnaire on the child’s illness level completed by the physician In this research, the criterion for measuring and determining the sample size was the interview with physicians, specialists, psychologists, and social workers. Therefore, based on the research objective, the questionnaires were prepared, and the research findings were provided. According to the approval of the group of experts, at a 95% confidence level and a study power of 80%, as well as a 20% probability of dropout among respondents in the later stages, a total of 30 child patients were included in the storytelling and poetry therapy group and 30 in the control group. Finally, to analyze the research data, SPSS version 22 software and repeated measure analysis of variance were used.

This study examined the effects of storytelling and poetry therapy sessions on children with cancer aged 8 to 12 years. The indicators of effectiveness in this study include hope, anxiety, and emotional expression. The results showed that storytelling and poetry therapy sessions had a positive impact on the level of hope for life, reducing anxiety and fear, and expressing emotions in children. It is also possible that the effect of drug treatments and the improvement of children’s physical condition may increase. Initially, the physical condition of children in the control and experimental groups was evaluated by a physician. Then, the children in the training group participated in 15 storytelling and poetry therapy sessions. After the end of the treatment sessions, both groups of children were reassessed, and their psychological and physical conditions were examined.

According to the results obtained from the hope variable, the significance level is 0.319 in the control group. In the continuation of the research process, after conducting storytelling and poetry therapy sessions, the level of hope was assessed again among the children in the control group using the prepared questionnaire. The results showed that there was no significant difference in this group over this period. The test results in the experimental group showed a significance level of 0.004. This means that in the experimental group, i.e., children who attended storytelling and poetry therapy sessions, there were noticeable and increasing changes in the direction of increasing children’s hope. Regarding the anxiety variable, children were initially divided into control and experimental groups. The level of anxiety and fear of children in the control group was first calculated. After conducting storytelling and poetry therapy sessions, the level of anxiety of these children was reassessed. The test results showed a significance level of 0.573. These results indicate that the level of anxiety and fear of these children did not change. Also, the level of anxiety and fear of children in the experimental group was measured twice. First, before the beginning of the storytelling therapy sessions and after the end of these sessions, the level of anxiety of the children was assessed and recorded. The test results showed a significance level of 0.000; therefore, children in the experimental group experienced a decrease in anxiety, fear, and stress during storytelling and poetry therapy sessions. Regarding the variable of emotional expression, children were divided into the control and experimental groups. The level of emotional expression and its ability in the children of this group were first measured before the implementation of the therapy sessions. After the end of the storytelling and poetry therapy sessions, the level of emotional expression of the children in the control group was measured again using the same questionnaire. The test results showed a significance level of 0.637. The test results showed a significance level of 0.002. After the end of the storytelling and poetry therapy sessions, the physical condition and the level of treatment response to their bodies were reassessed using the research questionnaire. The results showed an average positive increase in the children’s mental and physical state. According to the results of the analysis of variance test, the significance level was determined to be 0.000. This number indicates a significant difference between the physical condition of children before and after the storytelling therapy sessions.

The emergence of comparative literature of children and adolescents in the sequence of time is a clear proof of the effectiveness of specialization over time. Arab countries, like Iran, have paid attention to childrens and adolescents literature, and its theoretical foundations are taught in some university courses. In this way, comparative studies help any kind of scientific synergy. The works selected for research belong to the researchers of childrens and adolescents literature: Soraya Ghezel Ayagh, Aliakbar Shoarinezhad and Anvar Abdolhamid Almousa. The lack of research resources in this field has been the first motivation to deal with the present comparative research. Analytical review of the theoretical sources of childrens and adolescents literature in a comparative way makes the path of this field and the modern trend smoother for further academic research.

The article has been done in a descriptive and analytical way and the following comparative studies have been done.

Discuss:

In this research, three books have been selected for comparative analysis as follows:Literature for children and teenagers and promotion of reading (2012), which is the result of thirty years of personal experience of Soraya Qezel Ayagh in the field of children's literature. As a teacher, with more than 25 years of teaching in the fields of librarianship, education and art, and four years of continuous experimental work with teenagers, the author has looked at children's literature. This book consists of three parts and fifteen chapters, and the whole of the author's writing is based on national and western theories. The second book of children's literature (1975) is written by Ali Akbar Shoarinezhad. It has a preface and ten chapters. Practical topics combined with theoretical topics are included in this book. The third book of Adab al-ataf Fan Al-Mustghbal written by Anvar Abdol Hamid AlMousa has an introduction, a preface and five chapters. This book was published in 2010. In this research, similar and different parts of the works have been extracted and compared.

Various books have been authored and translated in the field of theoretical foundations of childrens literature in Iran and the world. New critical works in the field of childrens and teenagers literature, especially theoretical and historical works, have logically shown that research in the field of childrens and teenagers literature cannot be considered easier than other fields. According to the research questions, the findings show that the common topics in the books were focused on the history of childrens literature, defining childrens literature, what is childrens literature and promoting reading. Some topics such as story-telling methods, philosophy for children and reading aloud for children are among the topics that only Shoarinezhad has paid attention to them. In addition, practical exercises are seen in the book of Al-Moosa and Shoarinezhad, and such a point is not evident in the book of Ghezel Ayagh. The book "Adab Alatfal Fan Al-Mustghbal" written by Abdol Hamid Al-Moussa has a variety of topics compared to the other two books, and the references are completely scientific based on new topics. It is natural that the book of Abdol Hamid Al-Mousa and Ghezel Ayagh covers various theoretical topics because it is close to the last decade. In all three works, the history of children's literature is written under the influence of world literature; But in explaining things and promoting reading, national views prevail over the works.

The purpose of research was to compare the educational topics of children's literature in two Persian and Arabic academic books. The research method was qualitative with a descriptive and analytical approach. Data collection method was documentary using two primary sources entitled “children literature” “and Adab Al-Itat Fan Al-Mustaqbal” in Farsi and Arabic respectively. In addition, secondary sources such as books, articles and related research were also used. The findings show that according to the content of the two books, it seems that some of the topics and contents were written under the influence of western theories. Compared to children's literature, the book of Adab al-Ifat Fan Al-Mustaqbal has more subject diversity and the contents in it meet the basic needs of academic audiences. Other finding show that the topics of "early definitions of children's literature", " children's literature essence ", "history of children's literature" and "reading promotion" are similar to each other . Also, significant differences can be seen in topics such as "Teaching Philosophy to Children", "Translation in Children's Literature" and "Using Social Networks" in the two books, the main reason of which is the authors' nationalist tendency of these issues. According to the findings, the Arabic book of "Adab al-Ifat Fan Al-Mustaqbal" due to the use of the correct scientific research method as well as the presentation of diverse and useful topics, can be a suitable model for Iranian authors in writing an academic book of children's literature.

Intertextuality, as one of the methods of creating games, establishes a link between digital or other games in the form of analog games such as game boards and cultural, social, mythological, fictional and religional Ohypotext. The purpose of this article is to study the intertextual capacities and how to recreate pre-texts, including mythical and legendary literature on game boards. In this regard, the research question is: How can literary Ohypotext lead to the creation of intertextual relationships on gameboards? the results that have been done using qualitative and library strategy and through observation show that the use of intertextual relationship in game boards can be expressed in terms of "substance of expression" and in all or part of its elements of components, game graphics, narrative, Themes, mechanics, flavors and rules appear and form an intertextual procedure. Depending on the form of intertextual relations used in the game elements, Intertextual relationships are strong or weak. By purposefully selecting two examples of Iranian game boards, namely "Shahnameh-Bazi" and "Zaar", analyzed how to implement intertextual relations in them has been.

After Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Asadi's Garshasbnameh is the second epic work of Iran. In this poem book, Asadi Tousi has equally considered both the bravery, war, bloodshed as well as peace and friendship. The peaceful issues are outstanding and remarkable in literature and its stories. Henceforth, this epic verse can hold a prism of factors providing peace and compromise and a model ending the war and prevalent violence in today's human society. This research has been done based on descriptive- analytical method to stabilize peace in Garshasbnameh from the view of Yuhan Galtung. From his view, culture is the origin of all rites and merits. People's beliefs identified as the main indicators of culture play a significant role in peace and reconciliation. He believes that issue of peace necessitates reconsideration and it is not achieved by abandoning hatred and hostility. Furthermore, it is devoted to fairness and the understanding of truthful relationships and away from violence in today's world. In fact, preventing war and bloodshed paves the path of peace in society. That is why, after describing and interpreting the specified peace making factors, abolishing cruelty is the boldest and the most outstanding type of peace. The present research aims to explain and scrutinize this issue specifically war and bloodshed.

It is important to transmit the works of the past generations and convey their concepts to children and adolescents of the modern time. For this purpose, there are different methods. Adaptation is one of the effective methods through which the previous works lost their connections with the modern audience can be revived. The works of Saadi are among the most prominent ones in Persian texts that the adaptors have always considered them. Meantime, Mozhgan Sheikhi is one of those prominent figures in rewriting the works of Saadi for children and adolescents. She has rewritten twelve volumes of Saadi's Bustan and Golestan for children. Since the themes of these works are concerned with training and cultivating, it is essential to scrutinize their downsides and positive points. The deficiencies and positive points will be clarified and better patterns can be presented in this regard. In this research, the books adapted by Mozhgan Sheikhi from Bustan and Golestan of Saadi have been investigated to figure out the shortcomings and positive points from 2002 to 2012 in terms of theme and structure based on the characteristics of children and adolescents in the age group of ten to twelve. Eventually, a pattern is determined in which the adapted works can be placed in so that their downshifts and positive points will be cleared. In this article, the common points of the definitions of this term have been discussed the definition of adaptation from the lexical and terminological point of view. Then, the adaptation is divided into two types of content and structure, and each one of them is separated into parts. For the next pars, this sophisticated Persian poet has been introduced and the significance of his works has been mulled over. From 2010 to 2021, Sheikhi has rewritten ten stories of Bustan and ten stories of Golestan of Saadi. The present article is dealt with the story of ''the clumsy fox'' that has been rewritten by Sheikhi. Initially, the original text of Saadi's Bustan has been compared with the rewritten one by Sheikhi. Then, the content and the structural points of Sheikhi's work has been analyzed, And the important things in content analysis includE the selection of pre-effect, topic and content, matching the message, removing unnecessary content and increasing and processing. Regarding the principles of rewriting and the mental necessities of the age group of children from ten to twelve, the aforementioned points have been dissected. Next, the story has been analyzed in terms of structural analysis including language simplification, word difficulty, and word repetition, writing style, punctuation marks, rhetoric and grammar. For the next step, the sentences that Sheikhi has adapted from Saadi's Bustan in her story have been expressed for better understanding along with examples of the verses of the original anecdote. In the last part, the compatibility of the illustrations with the text has been investigated remarking this age group. The most important results of the data analysis of this research indicate that structure and content are inseparable and the adaptor has considered this point in her works. Although Sheikhi has done her best to preserve the compatibility of the content with the age group of ten to twelve and she has carefully used the interpretations and words and simile, the structural compatibility with this age group has been ignored. Also, she has chosen a good anecdote of the original text. As comparing oneself with other, imitating and hastily judgments are the characterization of this age group, retelling this story attracts the audience's attention. In fact, this age group may feel the animism and this group indirectly learns to try to help others despite strength and ability. Another remarkable point in choosing this story is that fox has been introduced as a kind and caring animal although the stereotype character of fox is cunning and mean. In terms of the topic and content, considering that Saadi has deliberated educational and educational aspects both in Bustan and Golestan, Sheikhi has indirectly considered the training – moral issues of the anecdote. In his Bustan, Saadi has explained one specific issue and then he has also repeated that subject in the following verses. While rewriting the Bustan, Sheikhi has reflected this issue, as well. In addition, this message that God's sustenance to his creatures is observed in both works. Notably, as this part is about generosity and kindness, Saadi has also minded the kindness of the lion. The kindness of lion to fox along with God's sustenance complete the story. Sheikhi has paid attention not to make the audience feel bored. So, she has not changed all the verses into prose. She has also added some more points to clarify the issues. The stereotype concept of lion is a cruel animal that does not care other weak ones, but lion is introduced differently in Bustan. It would be significant to consider this point in the rewritten text so as to vanish away the concept of power with violence from the audience's mind. In the structural analysis in the language simplification section, considering the special language and style of Saadi, who has used difficult words and expressions in his works, and in some cases Arabic, if the written language is complex for age group of ten and allusions and expressions and if difficult words are used a lot, the motivation of the audience to read the story is gone. Sheikhi has practiced simplicity as much as possible. In the word difficulty section, the difficulty or complexity of the word is measured consistent with the audience's age and vocabulary. In Bustan, Saadi has repeated the word sustenance three times and Sheikhi has also repeated it in three sentences. In the writing style section, Sheikhi's style of writing is studied in terms of formality or speaking, and according to her writing style, which is formal in the story, it has been mentioned in five cases that are written in a colloquial and colloquial way. From rhetorical view, irony and simile are the most used figurative elements for the age group of twelve. Using irony is suitable in the rewritten text, but it is not appropriate to use metonymy in one sentence of the aforementioned story. Furthermore, the rewriter has considered the grammatical points and punctuations to be coped with the age of the addressee. In the adaptation part, there are some verses from Saadi that the Rewriter, Sheikhi, has exactly translated and given their exact meanings. Mentioning the literature and its exact meaning by the adaptor indicates the adaptation of the rewriter. The complete text of the original text have been mentioned in the rewritten text so as to prevent plagiarism and be faithful to the original text. In the last part, all the illustrations of the text have been considered and the important points have been pointed out.

Research in the field of children's literature with the premise of the audience - children has unique characteristics that are due to its different nature which can affect the research in this field. Understanding these features requires paying attention to the effects of children's expressions in the field of knowledge and then researching children's literature. Writers and critics of children's literature should pay special attention to linguistic features and the ability to understand their audience. This statement confirms the importance of the "audience-centered" theory among the three literary theories, namely "author-centered", "text-centered" and "audience-centered". By examining the characteristics of the linguistic elements and the content of children's works and matching them with the characteristics of the audience, and from the point of view of revising the function of literary criticism approaches based on the aforementioned three literary theories, the researcher seeks to find an answer that shows , the "audience-oriented" theory is especially important among the three literary theories in children's literature and this theory can be a criterion for the researcher to criticize children's literature by using it. In this research, the function of literary criticism approaches in children's literature has been investigated and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method and using library data. The results of this research prove the importance of the "audience-centered" theory, and the adaptation and examination of the works produced by children based on the above literary theory will determine and introduce the appropriate criteria of criticism for the authors of this field.

Psychological well-being is a new concept derived from positive psychology and is one of the important indicators in personal and social growth and development as well as in the evaluation of educational systems. This variable is influenced by various factors such as personality traits and perfectionism. The aim of this study was to predict psychological well-being based on personality traits with respect to the mediating role of perfectionism in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was all undergraduate students of Shiraz University in 2021. The research sample was 372 people who were selected by accessible sampling method. Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989), NEO Personality Questionnaire (1985) and Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) (1990) were used to collect data. Pearson correlation method and path analysis were used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that neuroticism trait (beta = -.10), conscientiousness trait (beta = 0.16) and perfectionism (beta = -0.15) directly predict psychological well-being. Also, the variable of perfectionism mediates the relationship between neuroticism and conscientiousness with psychological well-being. In general, the research findings support the role of personality traits in psychological well-being directly and through perfectionism.

Nowadays, new topics have appeared in interdisciplinary approaches to research. Such topics are not limited to theoretical aspects of the research. In humanities, they have been helpful in practical applications of literature. For example, involvement of literature in games and toys has been a breakthrough in the audience's reception of literature. Semiologists such as Roland Barthes have studied games and toys as texts along with many other sign systems. Having roots in the culture and literature (including myths and legends) of every land, these texts have the potential for re-production and reception in another artistic form, and thereby, provide the condition for practical application of literature. In this paper, after discussing the textuality of games and toys, we have addressed questions regarding elements of intertextuality in them derived from myths and legends and the implications of this interdisciplinary approach and its practical application on literature. This qualitative, descriptive- analytical paper, which considers games and toys as signs and texts, offers the readers a different way of reading of myths and legends. The discovery of the intertextual relationships between games, toys and myths and legends of any land is considered a strategy for creating games with a literary context and might also create a specific genre.

Introductoin:

 This study aims to discover the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy with and without Neurofeedback, and also Neurofeedback's effect on the treatment and increasing psychological wellbeing in women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

To carry out this research, 80 individuals, who suffered from a generalized anxiety disorder and visited 4 counseling centers in the suburbs of Tehran, were selected. In two stages pre-test and post-test, they were measured through the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) test and Ryff Psychological Well-being Inventory in 3 groups of treatment and 1 control group. Based on therapeutic protocol, 2 treatment groups were given 30 sessions of Neurofeedback training and 15 sessions of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. For data analysis, descriptive and multivariate analysis of variance (Manova) methods by SPSS software were used.

The results showed that treatment alone reduced anxiety and increased the improvement of psychological well-being in the treatment groups in the post-test compared to the pre-test. But this change was not observed in the control group, and when these two treatments were used together, the therapeutic effect increased.

Using Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Neurofeedback alone are effective in treating and improving the psychological well-being of women with generalized anxiety disorder, and their combination has a greater therapeutic effect.

Increased levels of microparticles (MPs) have been reported in many autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, endothelial cells release MPs from their membranes following the activation of lymphocytes and the production of inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of interferon beta (INFβ) on the release of endothelial cell-derived MPs (EnMPs).

Twenty newly diagnosed MS patients were included in this study. Blood samples were taken from patients in two stages before and three months after INFβ treatment. Flow cytometry was used to count and determine the phenotype of MPs. Anti-CD51 and anti-CD31 were used to tag EnMPs. In both stages, patients' MRI was also evaluated for the number of brain plaques. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 statistical software, and kolmogorov-smirnov test.

The mean age of patients was 31.3 ± 8.3 years. The results of this study showed a 40% decrease in the level of CD31 + MPs and a 32% decrease in the level of CD51 + MPs following treatment with INFβ, which was statistically significant (p <0.001). In this study, there was no positive and significant relationship between the number of EnMPs and the number of brain plaques (p = 0.067), age (p = 0.058) and sex of patients (p = 0.061).

INFβ has an inhibitory effect on the release of EnMPs from endothelial cells and suggest that EnMPs can probably be used as sensitive biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment effectiveness.

The stylistics of children's poetry based on considering the elements of the sentence has been scrutinized in this article. The fact is that the language of children's poetry should be simple and the childish inspiration should be reflect and touched in it. The aim of this research is to achieve new methods of composing children's poetry. The method of this research is field work and library study. The main concern of this research is to detect poets who have their own specific styles in this regard assuming that they have mostly composed children's poetry based on the same poetic direction. Primarily, the redundancy and frequency of sentence elements have been analyzed and for the next step, their expressive and stylistic methods have been separately compared through graphs. The results of this research help children's poets keep their speech style away from unsolicited imitation and achieve novel methods to compose poems. Hence, this is considered as the novelty of this research.

Love is the main concept in "Khamsa of Nezami "to the extent that he considered love to be the essence of life and equated life without love to depression and death. Love in "Khamsa of Nezami" is the main pillar of creating the poetic stories. In this research, we have tried to evaluate the origin of mystical love in Persian literature by comparing the theme of love in Nezami's poems and poets before him. This article is done in a descriptive-analytical way, and the main question is, what role did Nezami play in creating the category of "mystical love" in Persian literature? The findings show that before Nezami, what was mentioned as "love" in literary texts, was generally introduced with regard to physical affairs and the description of the love affair between the lover and the beloved in the conditions of war and celebration. Nezami marked the main transformation in changing the view of physical love that It has been transformed into a mystical concept in Persian literature.

The present research aims to carry out a comparative study of the adventures of Mermaid by Liz Kessler and the return of Hordad by Fariba Kalhor based on an intertextuality approach. Accordingly, we directed a comparative study of the two works after introducing the intertextuality approach and different levels of explicit and clandestine intertextuality. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical regarding library study. In the comparative analysis, the collection of mermaid adventures has been elucidated according to the characteristics of obvious inter-textual and hidden intertextuality and the effectiveness of the new work, The novel Return of Hordad, from the preface. At the level of explicit intertextuality, the elements of subject, theme, characterization, and setting in both works are very similar and in line to each other in parallel, and at the level of hidden intertextuality, the two characters of the story are implicitly similar. In the setting, the time constraints of the heroes in battle with the devil are correspondingly hidden. There is also a similarity between the plots of the two works. The findings of this research indicate that Fariba Kalhor directly influences Liz Kessler’s series of mermaid adventures and it is compatible with the novel of Hordad’s Return, at the level of overt intertextuality . Nonetheless, this effect is minor and indirect at the level of hidden intertextuality.

Fictions have been with mankind for a long time. Several reasons have been stated for the longevity of this type of story, including the need of humans to narrate and listen to the narrative; One of the most important features of this ancient story format - which has caused its vitality and dynamism - is the transmission from breast to breast, which makes anyone from any geographical region and from any time period, narrate the story in a way. In fact, fictions change and adapt to the times of the narrator and the audience. Many fairy tales are rewritten or recreated by today's authors and presented to the audience as children's stories, while we are faced with an important question regarding the presentation of stories to children: are the teachings of stories suitable for children? Many fairy tales are rewritten or recreated by today's authors and presented to the audience as children's stories, while we are faced with an important question regarding the presentation of stories to children: are the teachings of stories suitable for children.

Lullabies, as the primary whispers of adults and children, have become a platform for research in the field of children and adolescent literature due to their thought-provoking content and diverse capacities. One of the practical fields of lullabies is to strengthen the spiritual intelligence of the audience. Spiritual intelligence and its strengthening in children is one of the issues in modern science. Based on this approach and focusing on the text of lullabies, components to enhance spiritual intelligence have been extracted from the text of lullabies and these components have been studied in a descriptive-analytical manner in the text of lullabies. The results of several components have been found in the texts of lullabies and the components of "sense of mission" and "self-awareness" have been among the most rewarding components

One of the important expressive features of the Holy Quran is the selection of meaningful words and the arrangement of meaningful phrases, each of which has a prominent role in conveying the purposes of revelation. Among these words, the word "nasiya" meaning forehead, which is mentioned in a real and virtual semantic circle as a singular and plural form in four verses of the Holy Quran for various purposes, has a syntactic and expressive aesthetic aspect. Among these words, the word "nasiya" meaning forehead, which is mentioned in a real and virtual semantic circle as a singular and plural form in four verses of the Holy Quran for various purposes, has a syntactic and expressive aesthetic aspect. Each of these phrases has several examples that commentators have explained and interpreted. These words, while explaining the humiliation of arrogant people in this world and the hereafter or the control of creatures by God in terms of expression: permissible, metaphor and irony, as well as the numerous positions of the Arabs According to the previous and later phrases, they have the center of this research in a descriptive-analytical manner. It seems that the word "nasi" and its plural "nasi" can be an irony in the sense of humiliation, subjugation, and even a sign of honor. Also, in the singular and also permissible rational context, it can be mentioned as a part (instruction) and the whole (human) will.

Since Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh include captivating tales, it has attracted the attention of writers of children and adolescent to a large extent.  A child having the specific characteristics of his age group requires his own needs in order to acquire scientific knowledge and sources in any form even narrative one therefore the present article written using descriptive analytic method and for gathering data made use of library studies is an attempt to study the potential of certain realistic tales in Shahnameh which include issues such as battle scenes, historical, social, romantic, mystical, and moral themes according to child’s age group so that by using strategies such as rewriting, revising, and so on render the ancient text of Shahnameh more appropriate for the age group in question.  In this way these realistic captivating tales can attract the attention of the younger audience, so that they can relate to them in their everyday life.  Moreover, those stories which deal with one or number of heroes because of their adventurous nature and content and their palpability to man’s life could set an example for children with their creative minds.  Inducing the feelings of identification in the audience, the presence of actual child characters in realistic tales of Shahnameh also could serve as an important factor in increasing the potential of the tales to capture the attention of children.

COVID-19 pandemic can be considered an effective factor in increasing physical and psychological manifestations, especially anxiety in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was performed in Jahrom city in 2020 during the second wave of coronavirus in Iran. 191 patients with definite MS (multiple sclerosis) were included in the study by the census. Data collection tools included the demographic data questionnaire and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale.

The mean overall score of anxiety in patients with MS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jahrom was 8 out of 54. The mean score in the dimension of psychological symptoms was 6.4 and in the dimension of physical symptoms was 1.7 out of 27. These scores indicate that the level of anxiety in patients with MS is low.

Patients with MS in Jahrom city are in a good condition in terms of anxiety about COVID-19 disease; which can be a good indication of the low impact of pandemic conditions on the symptoms of patients with MS.