مریم نوری

Villages have always been centers of innovation and creativity. Sustainable rural development is a qualitative, comprehensive, dynamic, and endogenous process aimed at addressing the fundamental needs of rural areas. Ovan Village in Qazvin has undergone organic development. This study, classified as qualitative and fundamental research, follows a descriptive-analytical approach. The current challenge in rural development presents an opportunity for enhancing the sustainability of villages. One of the key objectives of sustainable rural development is to improve sustainability indicators across the social, economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions of rural life. The findings of this research suggest that creative tourism offers a unique and participatory experience, where the destination fosters a deep, two-way connection with tourists. This interaction, driven by collaborative learning and an emphasis on the area’s physical characteristics, serves as a catalyst for revitalizing the location.

The term “kitsch” in the 1860s to the 1870s was used by the painters and art dealers of Munich in order to present weak works of art. But after the first decades of the 20th century, kitsch became an international term. On the other hand, Andy Warhol was a leading American artist, writer, photographer and filmmaker and one of the founders of Pop Art in the 1950s. In the United States, he was one of the most well-known figures of Pop Art and had avant-garde ideas. The purpose of this research is to expand the concept of kitsch in art and to analyze the typological concept of kitsch in the works of Andy Warhol.The main research question is how to analyze the typology of this concept in the works of Andy Warhol. In this regard, the research method is based on qualitative content analysis, using coding with an inductive approach. In this research, firstly, the terminology and genealogy of the concept of “kitsch”, then, the opinions raised about the aforementioned word have been examined and an analytical classification of these opinions has been given. Following that, in order to understand the ways of producing kitsch in the work, a typological analysis of the concept of kitsch in Andy Warhol’s works has been done. The results of the research show that kitsch always refers to the concept of “aesthetic inadequacy”. Furthermore, in this era, the work of art often becomes a mere commodity. The work of art becomes an everyday thing and the everyday thing becomes art. In addition, two types of kitsch based on content and kitsch based on form can be explained in Warhol’s works. The content-based kitsch strategy includes the representation of the banal and the reproduction of everyday images, and the form-based kitsch strategy includes the banal technique, collage, reference distortion, accumulation and repetition.

The failure of ISIS' Jihad Fatah strategy caused a new terrorist strategy to be placed on the agenda of Islamic fundamentalists, based on which a new organizational structure is formulated according to the intelligence elites of the rivals. This issue has caused the speeding up of attacks, the secret nature of these attacks, the use of virtual layers of internet communication, membership and internet operations, and the ability of security organizations to deal with these groups has greatly decreased. In recent years, extremism, fundamentalism, and terrorism have spread throughout the ideological spectrum with a "post-organizational" process, and in this process, with the increase of online activities, the membership and support of specific groups have become more ambiguous, and the growth of transnational movements has flowed more fluidly. Terrorist attacks are carried out by people who have no clear connection with identified organizations; But a similar method and common ideology can be seen in all of them. With the assumption that extremism will spread in the form of "post-organizationalism" in the coming years, this article aims to answer the question of what are the components, variables and structure of modern terrorism based on post-organizationalism. The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategies and virtual functions of post-organizational fundamentalism as the fourth generation of Islamic fundamentalism using the explanatory method.

Today, green entrepreneurship as a new approach has drawn the attention of public and educational policymaking in different countries, so no one can deny the importance of producing healthy agricultural products to maintain the health of society and the environment. The present research was an applied study in terms of the goal and a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) study in terms of the methodology in which the SWOT analysis technique was used. The statistical population was composed of all female farmers in Ilam province who had successfully received the Permissible Pollutant Threshold License for the crops from Ilam province’s General Directorate of Standards. The participants were sampled purposively by the snowball technique. The data collection instrument in the qualitative phase was deep and semi-structured interviews conducted both individually and collectively. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire and the SPSS software were used to build the SWOT matrix to identify four strategies (offensive, defensive, conservative, and competitive). Based on the results, the aggressive strategies (SO) include planning to export healthy crops to neighboring countries including Iraq, conservative strategies (WO) include determining successful and forward-looking models in the field of healthy crop production and celebrating and honoring them annually, competitive strategies (ST) include the use of modified seeds in healthy crop production, and defensive strategies (WT) include creating a sales market or vegetable market for healthy crops. The results of prioritizing suitable solutions for the development of healthy products in Ilam province showed that planning for the export of healthy crops to neighboring countries, including Iraq and creating a desire to produce healthy crops by providing the necessary support, training, and information are two of the most important solutions for the development of healthy crops in Ilam province. The results can guide governmental and educational-extension policymakers to develop green entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector.

The term attachment to a place refers to the emotional impact of a place that people are attracted to in a sensory and cultural sense, and it is a symbolic connection with a place that is formed by people to a specific place or a land by giving common cultural emotional and sensory meanings. It is also the basis of how a group or individual perceives a place and how he relates to it; Therefore, investigating the features that cause attachment to place in children is an essential matter that has been addressed in this research. Constructivist researchers consider children as social beings, autonomous and dynamic with special wants and needs which always interact with the physical and social environment around them, and distinct concepts are created in their minds in a certain field. The best development time for creativity occurs between the ages of 2 and 10 years. Also, no institution has specifically taken over the empty space between school and home, so in this research, a creative center for children of 6 to 10 years is considered.The main question of this research is what are the characteristics of the creativity center of 6-10 year old children with the approach of attachment to the place? In this regard, this qualitative and descriptive-analytical research was conducted based on the review of library resources. Then, the data was collected by distributing 120 questionnaires among children aged 6 to 10 years in the neighborhood of Shahrek Gharb, Tehran, who were selected by purposive sampling. This information is in the software environment of S. P. S. It was analyzed by applying appropriate statistical tests according to the research hypotheses. The result of the analysis showed that among the 4 factors of attachment to the place, in order, the attachment to the place with 35% had the highest share among the variables and was placed in the first priority is Social connection with 28% is ranked second, emotional attachment is ranked third with 20% of the total, and place identity variable is ranked last with 17% compared to other variables.

The availability of water for agriculture is of great importance, and despite the water crisis that is becoming more severe every year, both quantitatively and qualitatively, this issue should be seriously considered. Water resources include surface and groundwater, which are qualitatively more at risk, therefore, in order to preserve them, the sources of pollution must be known and appropriate solutions must be provided to prevent or eliminate these pollutions.

In this research, phosphate transfer cycle in Zanjanrood Watershed has been simulated using SWAT model. For calibration and validation, SWAT-CUP software and measured values ​​of average monthly current intensity at Sarcham hydrometric station between (1996-2013) were used and 26 sensitive parameters were selected for sensitivity analysis. There are three options for irrigation method, three options for fertilizer application and two combined options. In order to analyze the uncertainty of the indicators p-factor and r-factor and to analyze the quality of the model results, two indices of coefficient of determination (R2) and nash-sutcliffe coefficient (NS) have been used.

In the monthly runoff calibration stage, at the output of the field, the coefficients of r-factor, p-factor, R2, NS were 0.27, 0.11, 0.83 and 0.53, respectively, and in the validation stage were 0.60, 0.18, 0.73 and 0.53, respectively. The results showed that with increasing the level of pressurized irrigation, the amount of phosphate contamination at the outlet of the basin did not change significantly. Regarding the amount of fertilizer, the 50% reduction in the consumption of phosphate fertilizers has reduced the amount of phosphate entering the Zanjanrud River by 19.2%. On the other hand, a 50% increase in the use of fertilizers has increased the input phosphate by 17.7%.

The results showed the proper performance of the SWAT model and its ability in the mentioned simulation. Also, by changing the surface irrigation method to subsurface and increasing the irrigation efficiency, there is no significant change in the average amount of phosphate output from the basin. On the other hand, by reducing the amount of fertilizer and preventing improper fertilization by farmers, pollution of surface and groundwater resources can be greatly prevented.

Negative emotions can have destructive effects on the treatment and recovery process of breast cancer patients. The present study aims to investigate relationships between emotional processing deficits with post-traumatic stress symptoms, and adherence to treatment in patient with breast cancer with the mediating role of cancer stigma.

in terms of the purpose, the present research is a part of basic research, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is a type of descriptive (correlation) studies. the statistical population of the present study included women aged 18 to 60 years with breast cancer who referred to the oncology clinic of kausar hospital in karaj, and 206 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Participants answered the PTSD Checklist (Blevins et al., 2015), the Emotional Processing Scale (Baker et al., 2007), the Cancer Stigma Scale (Marlow & Wardley, 2014), and the Morisky et al. (2008) Treatment Adherence Questionnaire. The findings were analyzed through the advanced statistical method of structural equation modeling and using SPSS26 and SmartPLS 4 software.

The results of the model fit indices showed that in the current model, the value of SRMR was less than 0.08 and the numerical value of NFI was higher than 0.9. Therefore, it can be said that the assumed model of the current research has the necessary fit with the data. Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated that emotional processing deficits was positively associated with PTSD (β= .607; T=5.06; P<.001) and stigma (β= .896; T=48.63; P<.001). The results showed a non-significant relationship between emotional processing deficits and treatment adherence (β= -.313; T=1.83; P=.07), stigma with PTSD (β=-.225; T=1.68; P=.09), and stigma with adherence to treatment (β= .091; T=.526; P=.599). Multiple mediator modeling provided evidence that stigma partially mediated the relationship between emotional processing deficits and PTSD, and a full mediated relationship between emotional processing deficits and treatment adherence.

According to the results of this research, it is necessary not to be limited to medical treatments and by establishing counseling and psychotherapy centers in hospitals and oncology centers, in the process of improving emotional control, quality of life and stress of breast cancer patients, he took effective measures.

Simultaneous removal of methylene blue and crystal violet was investigated. Adsorbents made of clinoptilolite/Fe3O4 (Clin/Fe3O4) nanocomposites and alginate/clinoptilolite/Fe3O4 (Alg/Clin/Fe3O4) nanocomposite beads were used. The effects of effective environmental parameters such as pH, adsorbent amount, temperature, contact time, and dye concentration were examined in the adsorption process. The results showed that the highest amount of dye adsorption using both adsorbents was obtained under pH = 8, adsorbent dose of 2 g/l, contact time of 60 minutes, temperature of 25 ºC, and dye concentration of 10 ppm. Under optimal conditions, the adsorption percentage of methylene blue dye was obtained as 80.36 and 74.51 %, and the adsorption percentage of crystal violet dye was obtained as 75.83 and 70.19 %, using Clin/Fe3O4 and Alg/Clin/Fe3O4 adsorbents, respectively. Investigating isothermal models showed that both dyes' adsorption process was mainly physical and desirable. Experimental data on dye adsorption using both adsorbents was most consistent with the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.

Hypothesis: 

Among the various pollutants found in natural water, the heavy metal arsenic is more important due to its high toxicity. One of the most efficient methods to remove this pollution from water streams is the surface adsorption method. Zeolite nanocomposites can be considered powerful among arsenic adsorbers. Powder adsorbents are not very effective in industrial systems due to the problems such as clogging of filters, high pressure drop and also the problem of separation from water.

To solve this problem, zeolite nanocomposite powder was transformed into beads using the chitosan gel method in three different types of cross-linking solutions including sodium hydroxide, sodium tripolyphosphate and joint sodium hydroxide/sodium tripolyphosphate. The effect of various parameters such as the type and initial ratio of the materials on the formation of beads was investigated.

The results showed that the beads formed in the sodium hydroxide+sodium tripolyphosphate cross-linking solution and the optimal initial ratio of 1:3 from chitosan to the nanocomposite have a more suitable appearance and strength and better performance in arsenic absorption. In order to confirm and justify the mentioned Findings, SEM, BET and AAS analyses were performed. Operational parameters of initial arsenic concentration and adsorbent dose which are effective on the beads’ adsorption efficiency were investigated and the optimal amount of adsorbent dose was determined as 1 g/L with an efficiency of 92.9%. In order to obtain more information about the method of adsorption and determining the maximum capacity of adsorbents, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for granular adsorbents were investigated. The highest adsorption capacity of 7450.7 mg/g was obtained and Freundlich isotherm was in better agreement with the results.

The cause of revelation is narrations narrated from the infallibles companions and followers, all of which do not have the same value. One of the ways to trust these narrations is to be confirmed by the verses, to be in line with the context of the verses and to be valid in their document and text. The narrations regarding verse 37 of surah Al_Ahzab which are related to marriage of the Prophet (PBUH) to his adopted son’s ex-wife, Zainab bint Jahsh are of two categories.The first group considers the reason for this marriage to be divine revelation and the second group considers it due to the Prophet(PBUH)‘s love for Zainab. The content of these two groups of narrations causes conflict and differences of opinon about the ambiguty of the pharse “And you were concealing in your heart what Allah was going to reveal, and you were fearing people, while Allah is more entitled to be feared by you” is mentioned in the verse. In this study, the narrations were prepared according to the date of the first narrators‘ death and considering the characteristics of the source, document, Text, context of verses and historical evidence it was found that the narrations of the second group (Ten Haddiths) did not appear in the first hand sources. In terms of document, it faces weaknesses such as weak or unknown narrators, interrupption and submission of document. In textual studies, the scattering of texts, contradictions and lack of explicitness weaknes these narrations. In addition the context doesn’t conform it, and the available cvidence reinforces the theory that these  hadiths are fabricated.

Tomatoes are highly sensitive to a variety of environmental stresses, including drought stress, so the selection of hybrids adapted to dehydration and have good performance by studying the effects of GCA, SCA and physiological response of parents and tomato hybrids in conditions of dehydration It can help to better understand the mechanisms of drought resistance and their use in tomato breeding programs.

In this study, 12 hybrids obtained from the combining four testers and three commercial lines of tomato in terms of response to water deficit stress and evaluation of cross combinations in the layout split plots according to randomized complete block design with three replications and three stress levels (100% FC, 60% FC and 40% FC) in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Ilam University. Dates were evaluated by line × tester method. The studied genotypes were L1: Bitstoik, L2: Kingstone, L3: Petoearly, as lines, and T1: LA1607, T2: LA2656, T3: LA2080 and T4: LA1579 as Testers. Plant yield traits, average fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, pericarp thickness, Number of Locules, total acidity, pH and total soluble solids were measured.

The analysis of genetic variance indicated the more contribution of non-additive variances in the occurrence of the studied traits. The analysis of variance indicated that genotype, parents, crosses and line×tester effects were significant for all of the studied traits, which showed high differences between general combinig ability of parents and specific combinig ability of hybrids. The effect of the line under stress-free conditions was not significant for total acidity and soluble solids. For plant yield and average fruit weight, the parental line Bitstoik under severe drought stress conditions (0.83 kg and 1.26 g, respectively) and the tester LA2656 in non-drought stress (0.321 Kg and 2.18 g, respectively) were found to be the best general combiner. The crosses Kingstone×LA157 under drought stress condition (0.083 kg) and Petoearly×LA1579 in non-drought stress conditions were the best combination for plant yield, which can be suggested for use in drought stress breeding programs.

These results can be used in breeding programs and develop tolerate tomato hybrids as suitable experimental cultivars in hybrid production programs under stress conditions.

The purpose of this study was to developing and updating physical fitness norm for men and women aged 18-60 years of Ardabil province. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 men and 400 women aged 18-60 years old with a mean age of 28.16 years, from different regions of Ardabil were recruited by cluster and random sampling and divided into different age classes. In this study, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), fat percentage, cardio-respiratory fitness, strength of hands (hand grip) with a hand dynamometer, Endurance of shoulder girdle muscles (modified push up), Flexibility, and endurance of abdominal muscles (curl up) measured in subjects. Descriptive statistics were used to classify data, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum variables. In the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to distribute the normality of the data and the independent t-test was used to examine the differences between groups. The findings of this study showed that the mean cardio respiratory fitness 44.13 ml/kg.min (men) and 39.83 ml/kg.min (women), body fat percentage 14.29 (men) and 21.94 (women), BMI 24.8 (men) and 24.2 (women), endurance of abdominal muscles 36.89 (men) and 28.20 (women), Flexibility 29.41 (men) and 29.11 (women). According to the obtained results, the physical condition of men and women in Ardabil province is in a favorable condition that the findings of the present study can be used as a reference for future research in the field of health at different ages.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in worldwide. This study examines the mediating role of fatigue in relationships between cognitive control with post-traumatic stress symptoms, and adherence to treatment in patient with breast cancer.

This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method. A total of 206 women with breast cancer in Karaj, Iran participated in this study and completed five questionnaires, namely the PTSD checklist, the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory, the cognitive flexibility scale, the cancer fatigue scale, and the treatment adherence Inventory. The findings were analyzed through the advanced statistical method of structural equation modeling and using SPSS26 and SmartPLS 4 software

Structural Equation Modelling demonstrated that cognitive control was positively associated with PTSD (β= .598; T=3.76; P<.001) and fatigue (β= .829; T=19.17; P<.001), also fatigue was positively associated with PTSD (β= .389; T=2.38; P=.02). The results showed a non-significant relationship between cognitive control and fatigue (β= .23; T=1.29; P=.21) and cognitive control with adherence to treatment (β= .01; T=.09; P=.93). Multiple mediator modeling provided evidence that fatigue partially mediated the relationship between cognitive control and PTSD, and a full mediated relationship between cognitive control and treatment adherence.

In general, the findings emphasized the important role of cancer-related cognitive impairment in the possible consequences of this disease. An important issue that, along with other problems such as fatigue, can affect the quality of life and mental health of breast cancer patients.

There is great importance to use economic diplomacy in foreign policy; especially in those countries, in addition to having a great potential economic, have other commonalities such as cultural and historical commonalities. The field of international relations is heavily influenced by cultural and identity factors. Therefore, gaining reputation and influence in a country or the region are among the important goals of states in diplomacy, which is commensurate with their position, each country’s cultural opportunities, and capacities are pursued in a variety of ways and mechanisms.Turkey has good potential for cooperation with the Central Asian Republics in the economic field due to its cultural history with the countries and having a high level of economic development in the region. One of the Principles of Turkey’s foreign policy during the AK Party era (2002-2020) is having close relations with the Central Asian countries. For Turkey, it is important to strengthen economic diplomacy with countries in the region because of having a shared culture with them.The main question is “How is the economic diplomacy of Turkey during the AKP era in the Central Asia region?” and the sub-question is “What are the factors of economic diplomacy of Turkey in the Central Asia region during the AKP era?”Six indicators of economic diplomacy that are part of the foreign policy of the developmental government are presented as trade growth based on export development strategy, attracting foreign investment and foreign contracting policy, free and preferential trade agreements, harmonious relations with all, positive interaction with international economic institutions and creating a positive image which are briefly explained below:Increasing foreign trade: There is a positive correlation between an efficient foreign policy, a strong economy, and a strong foreign trade. Some, such as Gershon Feder, argue that the impact of exports on GDP is not limited to GDP growthAttract foreign investment and expand contracting: Overseas investment and export of foreign engineering and contracting technical services, in addition to laying the groundwork for the soft power of the exporting country, will also lead to long-term interdependence and the creation of national wealth. Newly industrialized countries not only attract foreign investment but also strengthen a country’s foreign trade by transferring capital abroad and contracting abroad. This leads to the creation of new markets and the exercise of soft power in the target countries.Free and preferential trade agreements: Agreements between countries that are not necessarily in a geographical area and include actions taken by governments to facilitate trade through free trade agreements or customs unions. Efforts to achieve systematic conditions for the national development strategy are made through bargaining and international trade negotiations through free and preferential trade agreements.Harmonious relationship with everyone: The foreign policy of a country like a businessman can communicate with all potential customers and the strategy of a successful actor is to attract more capital apart from personal interest. This strategy seeks positive interaction with all potential markets and related governments.Positive interaction with international economic institutions: A government must use the resources and guidelines of international business and financial institutions in line with its business and economic vision. Apart from decision-making independence and political power, constructive interaction with these institutions is very effective.Positive image: The classification of countries into two categories, positive and negative, is examined under the heading of image or mentality in international relations. Each image contains cognitive information from another country in these areas: culture, capability (military, economic), security, democracy, and so on. Depending on the type of image presented by the actors, they and others interact with it. These images are usually formed in the minds of individuals and leaders for a long time, and in the face of situations, people use only pre-made images and words to make decisions. This index does not fall into the category of formal economic diplomacy, but indirectly has a positive effect on target markets and practically plays the role of informal economic diplomacy.The hypothesis to answer the two questions is: “Turkey's economic diplomacy in Central Asia during the AKP era has worked efficiently and effectively.  The Economic Diplomacy of Turkey in the region during the AKP era can be explained through 6 factors of economic diplomacy in the Foreign Policy of the Developmentalist Government, which are: trade growth based on export development strategy, foreign investment attraction and foreign contracting policy, free and preferential trade agreements, harmonious relationship with all, Positive Interaction with International Economic Institutions and creating a positive image. Turkey’s economic diplomacy in the Central Asian region has been pursued seriously in the region and has used its cultural and economic potential at a good level in the region during the AK Party.This article, analyzed the level of this relationship is analyzed by analyzing the data on Turkey’s economic diplomacy in the Central Asia region, especially with the focus on the 6 factors. Methodology Type in this thesis is Descriptive-Analytical and the data Gathering Methods are Library methods and Internet Resources. This thesis is based on an explanatory research methodology. The Methods of Data Analysis are Quantitative-Qualitative.

Hizb ut-Tahrir as a transnational Islamic movement, aims to unify Muslims worldwide under a single Caliphate and they consider Muslim Countries as the priority. Since the majority of the population of the five Central Asian Republics, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, are Muslim states, HT is playing an important and active role in the region. The study focuses on the approaches of those five Central Asian republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir. The article shows what policies have used to control this social movement among people in those countries. The question of this research is what are the approaches of Central Asian Republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir in their policies? Hizb ut-tahrir plays a significant role in expanding the extremism inside the republics and whole region. The main purpose is to identify the policies of the five countries in the region. The article tries to fill this scientific gap by considering the lack of previous research on the subject and the importance of the issue. The research is a comparative study with the descriptive-analytical approach and the method of data collection is library and Internet resources.Key words: Central Asia, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Extremism, Political party, Islamic party, social movement

The relationship between shareholders and managers is fraught with conflicts of interest arising from the separation of ownership and control of management, differences in the goals of shareholders and managers, and their information asymmetry. This conflict of interest is explained by the theory of representation. Because some owners do not have effective control over the portfolios they own, the ownership structure (characteristics of the owners and the extent of their ownership) is a potentially important element in determining the riskiness of companies, especially banks. Ownership structure is one of the important regulatory mechanisms in banks that has a direct and indirect impact on capital adequacy, investment and risk-taking of banks.

Researchers in the field of Design-Process have focused on effective techniques to enhance creativity in the design of many studies. This leads to a focus on the effects of two techniques: metaphor and analogy. This research has challenged us to take consideration about: "Is the effectiveness of these techniques in all the activities of the design process to the same extent? Whichever metaphor and analogy techniques play a more meaningful role in which part of the design process?Nowadays, skills in innovation and methods that improve the knowledge of the design-problem have emerged as main features for designers. Metaphor is frequently expressed as a key role for enhancing creative design. Few empirical researches have been performed on how junior designers can use it within their performances.A metaphor is a figure of speech for rhetorical effect, directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. It may provide clarity or identify ambiguous similarities between two ideas. A metaphor also is containing an implied comparison and allows us to understand one concept in terms of another, enriching our mental imagery and imbuing concepts with meaningful attributes. Reasoning embraces the retrieval of a known concept and its application to an unfamiliar situation.The analogy is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. This means that the analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, in which at least one of the premises, or the conclusion is general rather than particular nature. It can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. As a result, two kinds of knowledge would be attained deep knowledge of the design problem, and deep knowledge of many other kinds of natural and artificial objects from/to which one may analogize.The purpose of this article is to study the research related to analogy and metaphor. Moreover, research related to the design process or its parts, in order to positioning each of these two techniques in teaching the design path. The methodology of this research is based on library studies and logical reasoning. In the first step, studies related to the design process, banner design training in Iran, and metaphor and analogy are collected and classified. This is followed by reviewing the content of these studies, the focus of each one on the different parts of the design process is identified and their final result reached with the same sensitivity. The most important result of this study is that metaphor and analogy are considered as effective techniques in creative design education. Metaphors in the stages of analysis and synthesis (understanding the design and concept production) and analogy in the stages of synthesis and evaluation (solving and promoting the problem or Concept Development) is more effective.

Methylene blue and crystal violet dyes are the most widely used dyes in some industries such as textiles, silk, and wood. Accumulation of cationic dyes in water resources is harmful to humans, animals, and the environment, so their removal from the effluents of the dyeing industry is essential. Among all the treatment methods, adsorption is one of the most attractive routes for the treatment of polluted water due to its low cost and simplicity of design. According to the studies, it can be seen that zeolites modified with iron nanoparticles show a high adsorption capacity in the removal of dyes. However, the use of adsorbents in the form of fine powders is still difficult and their use in continuous systems is limited due to the cracking and the pressure drop.

To solve the problems of adsorbents in powder form, the ionic gelation method was used to prepare a granular adsorbent based on natural zeolite clinoptilolite modified with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In order to prepare granules with suitable appearance and high adsorption percentage, the effect of various parameters such as initial pH of the solution, type and concentration of the crosslinking solution and initial ratio of alginate to nanocomposite was investigated. The synthesized granules were investigated by XRD, SEM-EDX and BET analysis.

The results showed that the pH was ineffective and the iron (III) chloride solution was optimal with a concentration of (2 w/v%) and an initial ratio of 1:4 alginate to nanocomposite. The maximum adsorption capacity of the prepared granules towards methylene blue and crystal violet adsorption was determined as 12.484 mg/g and 11.904 mg/g by Langmuir isotherm, respectively, which indicated to a high ability of the prepared granules to remove these cationic dyes.

Information and computer literacy is a concept emerged through the rapid transformation of information technologies, which is essential to survival in an information community. The present study aimed to factors affecting of information and computer literacy of graduate students of agriculture in the Razi University and Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah. This research was performed in terms of purpose, application, in terms of variable control, non-experimental, in terms of data collection, descriptive and correlational, in terms of paradigm, quantitative method and based on Multiple Regression (Stepwise Method). This study was conducted on 355 graduate students at Razi University and Islamic Azad University in Kermanshah. The sample was selected via multistage random sampling (n = 185). Data were collected using the questionnaire. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Reliability was strengthened through pilot testing and calculating Cronbach’s alpha. The findings showed that computer and internet skills, English language skills, the university of study and the number of research projects affected the information and computer literacy of graduate students. It can be suggested that memorandums of cooperation be established with the technical and professional organization and that students be required to take skill courses and obtain valid certificates such as ICDL.

Since emotion regulation is one of the most important factors affecting human behavior, therefore, the present study was conducted to determine The Effect Gross model emotion regulation on safety behavior nurses.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group, the statistical population includes all nursing staff employed in Imam Reza hospital in Kermanshah in year1398. the Sample consisted of 30 persons who were selected by voluntary sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups (15 experimental and 15 control). At first, pre-test and post-test were administered to both groups using the Safety Behavior Questionnaire and so the experimental group was then exposed to the Gross Model emotion regulation training (8 sessions 90 min) but the control group did not receive such training. Finally, both groups responded again to the questionnaire (post-test). in the end, the data were analyzed using multi variabils analysis of covariance by SPSS-23 software.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the mean of safety behavior components in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group after the intervention (p> 0/001).

Therefore, it can be concluded that Gross model emotion regulation training was effective job stress and Safety Behavior on Nursing Staffchr('39')s, Therefore, it is suggested that health practitioners assist nurses health by conducting emotion regulation training courses.

Infections caused by bacterial agents with antibiotic resistance are expanding so that the effectiveness of antibiotics in the treatment has reduced. So, efforts are being made to find new active herbal compounds as an appropriate alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluation of active antibacterial of ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls against bacteria.

This study was performed by standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC: 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC: 25922), Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC:10031), Shigella sonnei (ATCC: 1188), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC:1310) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC:10654). The of ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls were prepared by Soxhlet apparatus. Antibacterial activities of extracts were evaluated well diffusion method. Also minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBC were assessed by microdilution method. The data obtained by new SPSS software was analyzed.

The ethanol and methanol extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls showed antibacterial activity against bacteria. MIC results for ethanol and methanol extracts Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls were 125 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml for bacteria, respectively. 

Ethanol and methanol extract of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls had good antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. Therefore, the results of this study can be a valuable report regarding their effective role in infection control.

12 hybrides of tomato and their parents were evaluated for their response to drought stress in a randomized complete block design with three replications and three irrigation levels (FC, 60%FC, and 40%FC). The studied genotypes were including Kingstone, Petoearly, Bitstoik, LA1607, LA2656, LA2080 and LA1579. Experiments on crossing the genotypes, seedling production and field evaluation, were done in experimental greenhouses and experimental field of Ilam University in 2014-2016. The studied traits consisted of proline, MDA, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, Relative Water Content (RWC), Chlorophyll a, b and total, electrolyte leakage, total yield, potential yield and single plant yield. The statistical analysis showed that drought stress significantly affected all assessed traits under drought condition. Increase in Proline and MDA content was observed in all genotypes under drought stress. The highest values of proline )31.93 µMgFW-1) was obtained under severe stress in Petoearly× LA2080. RWC, total yield, potential yield, single plant yield, Chlorophyll a, b, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase contents were reduced and proline, electrolyte leakage and peroxidase content were increased by increase in drought stress. Under severe drought stress, the highest amount of total yield (15.74 t.ha-1) was observed in LA2656×Petoearly hybrid, Petoearly line (19 t.ha-1) and LA1579 tester (32 t.ha-1).