مریم پناهی

Using radius hematoma block method can provide good anesthesia in distal radius fractures, but sometimes it is difficult to do it using anatomical landmarks. Performing the block procedure under ultrasound guidance can improve the success rate of the block and pain relief during delivery.

In this double-blind clinical trial study, 100 patients over 15 years of age with acute distal radius fracture were randomly assigned to two groups of hematoma block without ultrasound guidance and hematoma block with ultrasound guidance (47 people). Examining the amount of pain during block and insertion based on a Likert scale of 0 to 10 (0=no pain and 10=most pain) during insertion and half an hour after insertion was done and compared in two groups.

In this study, 69% of participating patients were women, the average age of patients in the group with ultrasound guidance was 47.25 years and in the group without ultrasound guidance was 55.16 years. The average number of VAS during descent in the group with ultrasound guidance and without ultrasound guidance was 5.42 and 5.81, respectively, and half an hour later, it was 1.91 and 2.33, respectively.

It seems that performing hematoma block under ultrasound guidance especially in cases where there are no suitable local landmarks or for reasons such as swelling of soft tissue, bone anatomy, crushing of fracture fragments, or the presence of interfering factors in diagnosing the exact location of the fracture. Hematoma block becomes complicated and difficult, it can be very helpful.

The study of literary texts based on psychological critique is one of the most common types of critiques, through which the critic explores the soul of the artist and discovers the latent layers of his soul and mind to know the artist further. Haft Peykar (Seven Beauties) work written by Nezami consists of many types of archetypes because of its fictional type and mystical aspects. When it comes to applying the archetypes, the mystical symbols, and allusions are considered as one of the unique texts in the field of archetypal criticism. The structure of the Gonbade Sabz (Green Dome) story consists of some design elements that can be seen in most ancient Iranian stories. In the description of individuality process of the hero in the Gonbade Sabz, Nezami has used a set of analytical psychology archetypes such as anima, pirdana, shadow, desert, water, and green color. The emergence of the hero, the confrontation of reason and religion, temporary and elementary mastery of wisdom, travel and austerity, Sharia (religion) guide, balance and ultimate relaxation, achieving a psychological unity, and the individuality in the shadow of the archetype of love, based on Jung's theory, are consistent with the outline of the psychological individuality process and can be analyzed.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of digital literacy with the mediating role of technology acceptance on e-learning among the librarians of Payam Noor University.

The research method is descriptive-correlation with the statistical population including all the librarians of Payam Noor University libraries in the number of 318 people, using the sampling table of Gorjesi and Morgan (1970), the number of 175 people was determined and selected by simple random sampling method. The data collection tools were standard e-learning questionnaires by Watkins et al. (2004), digital literacy by Rodriguez et al. (2016) and technology acceptance by Davis (2000).

They showed that the investigation of the assumed relative mediation of technology adoption in the effect of digital literacy on the electronic learning of Payam Noor University librarians has a good fit with the data. In addition, in the assumed model, all the correlation coefficients and path coefficients of the model were statistically significant, and digital literacy has a positive and direct significant effect on the electronic learning of Payam Noor University librarians with the effect of 0.126 through the mediation of technology acceptance.

The results showed that digital literacy has a direct and mediating role of technology acceptance on e-learning among librarians of Payam Noor University. Therefore, the components of technology acceptance and digital literacy are among the effective explanations for electronic learning among librarians.

This article aimed to investigat the role of digital literacy on the technology acceptance among the librarians of Payam Noor University. The research method is a description of the type of correlation. The statistical population included 318 employees of Payam Noor University libraries that 175 people were selected using Karjesi and Morgan’s taxle (1970) by simple random sampling method. The data collection tool was Rodriguez et al.’s (2016) standard digital literacy and Davis’s (2000) technology acceptance questionnaires. Descriptive findings showed that the amount of digital literacy and technology acceptance and their components are at a higher than average level. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test also showed that at a significance level of 0.05, there is a significant and direct relationship between digital literacy and its components and the technology acceptance among the librarians and based on the results of the regression model, the technology acceptance among the librarians can be predicted based on digital literacy by 39.2%. Also according to the results of the multiple regression model, the technology acceptance among the librarians can be predicted by 53.2% based on the components of digital literacy. Therefore, in explaining the desired performance of librarians, the necessity of accepting technology and promoting digital literacy among employees is suggested.

Considering the role of human resources in every organization, it is very important to address issues that lead to the reduction of occupational injuries in the workplace, it is clear that preventing the occurrence of job burnout in improving people's mental health. It plays an important role. One of the topics that can be useful in reducing job burnout is the application of ergonomic knowledge and compliance with safety principles, which is the purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of workplace ergonomic principles on job burnout with the moderating role of safety culture.

The current research is descriptive survey research, the statistical population of this research is all the employees of Ilam Petrochemical Company, which was obtained by using the Cochran formula, and the sample size is equal to 310 people; The main tools for collecting information in this research include demographic profile questionnaires, ergonomic principles, job burnout, and safety culture. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the professors using face and content validity methods, and the reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, structural equations based on path analysis in SMART PLS software were used to analyze and test research hypotheses.

The impact of ergonomic principles on the burnout of Ilam Petrochemical employees is negative and significant with coefficients (T = 12.26, R2 = -0.42), and the cultural impact of safety on burnout is also negative and significant with coefficients (T = 14.07, R2 = -0.32). is, the test of the main hypothesis shows that safety culture moderates the effect of ergonomic principles on job burnout and causes more reduction of job burnout.

Compliance with the principles of ergonomics in the work environment and the existence of a safety culture in Ilam Petrochemical will reduce job burnout.

This research aims to integrate practical and theoretical solutions to increase motivation for sports participation among workers. The study employed a cross-sectional and correlational design, focusing on the statistical population of employees at Iranol Oil Company in Tehran in 2019, which consisted of 890 individuals. Based on Karjesi and Morgan's table, 261 participants were selected using an available sampling method. The research utilized tools for measuring motivation for sports participation (Gill et al., 1984), cognitive regulation of emotion (Garnefsky and Kraij, 2006), and feelings of joy (Argill and Lowe, 1990). Structural equation analysis was employed to test the research hypotheses. The findings indicated that the model had a good fit. Specifically, in the final model, the standard path coefficients for adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation on sports participation motivation were 0.17 and -0.40, respectively. This suggests that the skill of cognitive emotion regulation (a practical strategy) plays a significant role in the relationship between feelings of vitality (a theoretical approach) and motivation for sports participation. The developed model for sports participation motivation serves as a foundational tool for creating practical programs aimed at enhancing participation in sports among various groups. Additionally, implementing interventions to teach individuals emotion regulation strategies—along with fostering changes in cognition and behavior—can promote self-regulation and subsequently increase sports participation. Finally, efforts to enhance societal vitality represent a theoretical solution to reduce maladaptive emotional regulation, thereby fostering greater motivation for sports participation.

In this research we examined the mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between personality traits and motivation for participation in sport in employees. In this cross-sectional study, 261 employees of Oil Company (98 male) participated and completed questionnaires of big five factors of personality (Costa and McGree, 1989), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnowski and Craig, 2006) and motivation for sport participation (Gill et al., 1983). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results indicate that extraversion and openness, in addition to having a direct effect on the motivation of sports participation, indirectly affect the motivation of sports participation through the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. Agreeableness was also positively related to motivation for participation in sport via increased adaptive emotion regulation/decreased maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Finally, neuroticism was positively related to motivation for participation in sport, through increased maladaptive emotion regulation/decreased adaptive emotion regulation strategies. The study reveled the mediational role of emotion regulation for personality traits and their association with motivation for participation in sport in employees.

The purpose of this article is to examine the image of wisdom in Khamsa Hakim Nizami Ganjai. Wisdom and intellect are among the most important conceptual and lexical elements in Persian literature, whose range of use in poetry and prose has expanded throughout the era and has undergone many changes and transformations in intellectual and philosophical ways, wisdom and mysticism. The concept of the term 'Aql' and its derivatives in Iranian culture and thought has been a constant source of controversy, and because it is often mixed with Greek philosophy, Islamic words, and Sufi thoughts; Several concepts have been taken from it. Nizami has a dual view of wisdom according to his point of view. On the one hand, he praises reason and wisdom and considers the place of reason to be privileged in the guidance of man, and on the other hand, according to the mystical point of view and dependence on the Sharia, reason does not lead to the knowledge and recognition of the Holy Prophet, and in this context, wisdom does not consider it very reliable. Considering this duality, in this essay, the place of wisdom and reason in the mystical and theological worldview and the reasons for its inability to recognize the truth from a military point of view will be discussed.

The present article is a survey-description of the causal-comparison type, which was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of the cultural needs of male and female students of higher education centers in Ilam province. The statistical population of the research included all the students of the universities of Ilam province in the number of 16,714 people in the academic year of 2019-2020. Using Cochran's sampling formula and stratified sampling method, the studied sample was determined to be 374 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was multiplied after confirming its validity by using the opinion of experts (15 experts) and calculating the reliability of its subscales using the retest method and the internal consistency method. Data analysis tools were descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Descriptive findings showed that the level of cultural needs of female students is higher than that of male students. The results of the multivariate variance analysis also showed that the gender of the students affects at least one of the cultural needs; So that there is a significant difference between boys and girls between literary-artistic needs and recreational-sport’s needs; However, there is no significant difference between the level of religious needs and political-social needs among boys and girls; Also, gender explains 7.9% and 4.6% of the variance of literary-artistic needs and recreational-sport’s needs, respectively.

Dilapidation is a reality that has affected most of Iran's long-standing and historical cities. What is certain, in such cities, this problem disrupts the growth of the urban fabric and leads to the surrounding. Due to the old age and the lack of a development plan and technical supervision of its formation, the dilapidated tissue can lead to the destruction of its dignity in the minds of citizens, and the need to pay more attention to these tissues and provide health and treatment facilities, improve urban facilities and equipment, etc. In such places, it is an essential requirement to prevent the migration of wealthy and middle classes from these contexts and turning them into places of concentration of poverty. Therefore, in addition to the destruction of internal tissues with a history of the city, it imposes huge costs on the dust of the city by creating new and clean tissues. This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, through field and library studies and using the SWOT strategic analysis model, investigated and analyzed the current situation of worn out fabric in the 15th district of Tehran. Based on this, the need to organize the worn-out problem tissues of this city in different social, economic, environmental and physical dimensions is unavoidable. In this research, the identification and ranking of the social factors that have created the worn-out fabric of the 15th district of Tehran municipality has been done, and while providing solutions to reduce vulnerability, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats have been identified.

The subject of pain is one of the topics of interest in various scientific disciplines. Various disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, philosophy, literature, art, etc. along with medical disciplines have discussed and considered pain with different approaches.Among universities and study centers active in the field of treatment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences is one of the most important centers for the development of pain fellowships and the development of advanced interventions in the treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to obtain the necessary information about how the field was formed and the process of its creation by talking to its founders and in the form of written articles to related centers and institutions, such as the University and the Pain Association and other related fields

The present study was a mixed-method study. The data were collected in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the quantitative stage, available litratures were reviewed using systematic search, after that expert were interviewed individually in qualitative stage. Finally, the results of the quantitative and qualitative sections are combined and reported .

Among the shortcomings in all anesthesia and intensive care units in the country was the lack of training in the treatment of acute and chronic pain by anesthesia assistants.

Based on this, the proposal of the first multidisciplinary pain fellowship course based on the executive curricula of prestigious American and European universities, in 2006.This proposal was approved by Shahid Beheshti University and the Secretariat of the Specialized Council and approved during the legal process. In 2007, the first pain fellowship course involving 4 anesthesiologists began.

In this research, we investigated the mediating role of emotion regulation within the relationship between neuroticism and participation motivation. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 261 employees (98 males agerange = 18-60 years) belonging to Iran Oil Company participated and completed questionnaires of big five factors of personality (Costa and McGree, 1989), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnowski and Craig, 2006) and participation motivation (Gill et al., 1983). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results indicate that neuroticism has indirect effects on participation motivation through adaptive emotion regulation and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The results suggest that emotion regulation strategies may be a significant mediator in the neuroticism- participation motivation link. One’s difficulty in regulating emotions might be an underlying mechanism through which high neuroticism decreases the participation motivation and health behavior. The study implies that the assessment of emotion regulation strategies should be included in interventional programs aimed at achieving employees’ sport participation.

BNP increases in certain pathological conditions such as hypertension, renal failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cirrhosis, etc. Some of them are among the clinical conditions pointing to hypertensive emergency and also its side effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effeciency of this variable as a diagnostic variable in patients with emergency hypertension.

In this prospective study, 100 patients presenting to the emergency center of Adalatian Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, who had blood pressure equal to or greater than 180/110 mmHg at the time of triage and initial visit were included in the study. In order to evaluate damage to the target organs and the possible diagnosis of emergency hypertension, they were examined by an emergency medicine specialist or resident and the necessary tests were performed. For this purpose, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and TPI/Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were checked and a complete neurological examination was performed on patients to determine the presence of focal or generalized neurological defects or the presence of pathology (intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), ischemia) on brain computed tomography (CT) scan. Patients' eyes were also examined for retinal vascular damage with an ophthalmoscope, and electrocardiogram (ECG) was also taken. Patients were divided into two groups based on the

emergency hypertension and non-emergency hypertension. Meaning, if the criteria for emergency hypertension (target organ damage) were met, they were placed in the end organ dysfunction (EOD) group or hypertensive emergency (HE) group, and otherwise, they were placed in the group without EOD or hypertensive urgency (HU) group. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics tests.

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and gender (P> 0.05). Based on the tests performed on samples taken from the patients, in the case group BNP level was 6144.81 ± 3052.42 pg/mL and in the control group it was 4835.42 ± 3135.02 pg/mL. The results of T test showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.941). Based on calculations performed, at the cut-off point of 180, BNP can predict kidney damage with 100% sensitivity and 41% specificity. Although specificity and positive predictive value are not high at this cut-off point, but sensitivity and negative predictive value are acceptable, which makes it suitable for screening.

The results of our study showed that BNP test did not have high specificity or positive predictive value, but it had acceptable sensitivity and negative predictive value, which makes it suitable for screening. Therefore, this test can be used as a supplement to other examinations and cardiovascular and renal tests.

Teaching the necessary knowledge and skills in the emergency department has always faced challenges due to its importance, unique features and multidisciplinary expertise. Today, advances in information and communication technology have also revolutionized education. The purpose of this article is to investigate the feasibility and experiences of using virtual reality and augmented reality technologies in the education of the emergency department by reviewing the studies conducted in the world.

This research is based on a systematic review in which the quality of the articles was evaluated using the STROBE standard checklist. The primary studies carried out, through articles on the educational capacities of augmented and virtual reality technology in the emergency department; in Persian language databases; SID, Magiran and English language databases; Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine were done until the end of September 2022. Farsi keywords; Emergency, medical emergencies, education, virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality were used as a combination of words; Also, Boolean search methods and OR operators and Mesh keywords including: Emergency, Education, Virtual Augmented, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, EMS, MR, VR, AR were used.

Among the 9 reviewed studies, the largest number of extracted studies, i.e. three articles, were conducted in China. Other articles were from America, Germany, Iran and Netherlands. The research method used in 8 articles was intervention, and only one article was tool design and content analysis using the Delphi method. The types of tools used in these studies were: a wearable module on the head with two categories of movement and operation, playing virtual reality simulation videos with the help of television and virtual reality glasses, a wearable headset and two hand controllers with triggers that make hand movements. Such as grasping, pushing and turning, virtual simulated scenes, an immersive room-scale multi-user virtual reality 3D simulation environment with a virtual emergency scenario, wearable modules and mouse and keyboard prototypes, and an interactive training module. The results of the studies also showed the improvement of educational performance, enthusiasm for learning, educational satisfaction, increased skills, improved response capacity, effectiveness of education and control of emotions in emergency situations.

The results of this study clarified several issues: 1- The volume of studies in the field of emergency department training with the help of virtual world tools is very small. 2- Augmented reality and mixed reality tools have not yet entered the field of medical education in the emergency department. 3- These tools can cause complications and challenges in using them. 4- Most of the studies have been conducted in the last 3 years, which show that this field of educational tools to promote and improve performance due to continuous evaluations is at the beginning.

Advances in the field of technology in the field of virtualization today have led to the creation of tools that can easily evoke the presence of the patient in a more attractive situation than the current situation or by adding information to the real world to deepen the understanding of reality. Make Virtual reality and augmented reality technology has seriously entered the field of medicine for two decades. The emergency department has also been able to use this tool with its special features; therefore, the current research tries to have a systematic review of the therapeutic use of augmented and virtual reality technology in the emergency department.

This research is based on a systematic review in which the quality of the articles was evaluated using the STROBE standard checklist. The primary studies carried out, through articles on the use of virtual reality and augmented reality therapy in the emergency department; in Persian language databases; SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and English language databases; Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines were conducted until the end of September 2022. Keywords of Emergency, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, Treatment, Cure, Therapy, Medical, EMS, MR, VR, and AR were considered as a combination of words.

Among the 14 reviewed studies, the largest number of extracted studies with 4 articles were conducted in Canada; and mostly it was a randomized and controlled prospective intervention method. Most of the studies with 10 articles were in the field of providing emergency services to children and adolescents under 18 years of age, and the effective components of virtualization technology were: reducing pain, managing anxiety and distress, improving hemodynamic parameters, and controlling fear and anger. Among the reviewed articles, none of the studies used augmented reality or mixed reality tools.

The results of the collected studies on the use of virtualization therapy show that so far this tool has had significant effects on controlling emotions and improving hemodynamic parameters. Analyzing the mechanism of the effect of virtual reality in different groups can help to establish a cause and effect relationship and the targeted use of these tools. It is also necessary to design these tools in such a way that their use does not prevent the normal procedures in the emergency department.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory disorders. Various studies have been conducted to evaluate the predictive power of proBNP (pro-brain natriuretic peptide) in heart diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the serum level of proBNP in patients with acute attack of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without heart failure.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 patients who presented to the Adalatian Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016 and 2017. The serum level of proBNP was measured. Patients were subjected to echocardiography and Ejection Fraction evaluation by an experienced cardiologist using the image point HX echocardiography device. Finally, patients with and without heart failure were compared using SPSS version 16 software.

75 patients (66.96%) did not have heart failure and 37 patients (33.04%) had heart failure. Basic characteristics including age, gender, smoking, and drug abuse were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the average number of hospitalizations was 3.2 ± 1.6 in patients with heart failure and 1.7 ± 0.8 in those without heart failure (P=0.001). The average proBNP level in patients with heart failure (16702.1 ± 6660.0 pg/dL) was significantly higher than that of patients without heart failure (1396.8 ± 161.2 pg/dL) (P=0.001).

The level of proBNP is significantly higher in COPD patients with heart failure, and the number of hospitalizations is also significantly higher in these patients.

General weakness and fatigue are among the most common complaints in neurological, psychological, and medical diseases. which can have various causes, some of which are life-threatening. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the final diagnosis, diagnostic measures, and disease course in elderly patients with general weakness.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from October 2015 to October 2016 in the emergency department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. All elderly patients over 60 years of age who referred to the emergency department of Imam Reza Hospital with general weakness and did not have a specific diagnosis were included in the study. Demographic information, underlying diseases, medications, and the diagnostic and therapeutic measures taken for them from the moment of arrival until the time of discharge or death were recorded in the checklist prepared for this purpose. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 11.5 and descriptive (number, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Mann-Whitney, chi-square, t-test) statistical tests.

The average age of the participants in the study was 79.84 ± 8.6 years. The mean hemoglobin and white blood cell count (WBC) of the patients in the emergency room were higher than in the ward. Also, the platelets and international normalized ratio (INR) of people in the emergency department were higher. The median of onset of weakness in people was 7 (4-10) days. The duration of hospitalization of patients in the emergency room was 34.68 ± 21.7 hours and the duration of hospitalization in the ward was 6.06 ± 2.9 days. Also, the duration of hospitalization in ICU was 10.29 ± 5.2 days. Urinary tract infection (UTI) and electrolyte disorders were the most common diagnoses.

Based on the results of the present study, the highest mortality rate belonged to the ICU, ward, and emergency room, respectively. In addition, the highest discharge rates were observed in the emergency room, ward and ICU, respectively. Therefore, it seems that in the mentioned departments, it is very important to pay more attention to the patients in order to prevent further complications and the imposition of additional costs on the patients and the treatment system.

One of the important components of the internationalization of higher education is recruiting international students.  Despite the small number of international students and due the effects and consequences of their education on the educational systems of different countries, their satisfaction with the quality of university services is important.  Given the importance of this issue, few studies have focused on the evaluation of the quality of university services from the point of view of international students in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive survey study was to evaluate the quality of university services from the point of view of international students studying at Shahid Beheshti University. The statistical population was all 221 international students studying at Shahid Beheshti University.  sample size was determined 140 via Krejci & Morgan table. Based on simple random sampling method and Considering the drop coefficient, 150 questionnaires were distributed among students and 126 questionnaires were collected. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire. It included 6 components of the quality of university services including educational-research services, library, and media services, administrative services, welfare services, physical spaces, social and cultural services. These 6 components were measured in expectations and real existing levels. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the opinions of academic experts was used and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated at 0.96 at the expectations and 0.96 at the existing   levels, using the Cronbach's alpha test. Findings indicated that there is a gap between the expectations and reality (p=0.001). Most gaps between expectations and reality included the quality of administrative services (-1.45) and the quality of educational and research services (-0.73).

The aim of this study was to structurally model the motivation to participate in sports activities based on the feeling of cheerfulness in the workers.

The design of this study was cross-sectional and correlational. The statistical population of the present study was 890 employees of all employees of Iranol Oil Company in Tehran in 2020, of which 261 were by random sampling and Available were selected. In this study, the tools of motivation to participate in sports activities and feeling happy were used. Structural equation modeling was also used to answer the research hypotheses. Findings showed that the model has a good fit.

The results also showed that the feeling of vitality has a positive relationship with sports motivation. Using the results of the model of sports motivation and feeling of vitality as important and effective factors to be considered and used in the descriptive and applied fields of experts in the field of psychology and sociology of sports.

Therefore, the use of this model can be considered by the relevant authorities in planning to motivate, motivate and increase the vitality of workers.

This paper aimed to study "international education hubs" as the latest generation of internationalization abroad or cross-border strategy. This study had a qualitative approach with a documentary methodology and a critical purposive sampling including four countries of Qatar, UAE, Bahrain and Iran stipulated this policy in their national policy documents.

The components studied in this research comprised of “date of establishment”, “regulations and policies”,"planning and implementation strategies","driving rationales" and "investment approach".The data collected from documents, reports and papers containing the required information on education hubs strategy in the sample countries.For data analysis, Bereday’s comparative method has been adopted.

The data analysis results indicated that although, the policy of establishing an education hub has been implied in Iran’s national policy documents years before, Gulf countries have adopted an active and strategic approach in planning and implementation phases of shaping an international education hub. Bahrain has stipulated in it’s policy documents to be an international innovation hub as well as an international student hub. Moreover, Qatar has planned to be a talent hub alongwith an innovation hub and U.A.E has planned to be an international student hub as well as a talent hub. On the other hand, Iran's higher education system has planned to become a "virtual education hub" which is a new type within the existing hubs in the Pesian Gulf region. Investment and financial resources for establishment of an education hub was different in the studied Arab higher education systems from those of Iran’s higher education system. In UAE, Bahrain and Qatar, the financial resources are from internal-public, internal-private and international-private sources while, in Iran the financial resources are from internal-public, internal-private and international-public sources. The policy recommendation for Iran higher education system is first prioritizing implementation of "internationalization at home” strategy the core of which is “internationalization of curriculm” and then developing the strategy of internationalization abroad and turning into an international education hub.

Considering that the appearance of the city is the first representative of the city and also reflects the evolution and history of the city and urban furniture is one of the main components of urban spaces, which can increase the quality and efficiency of the space by their presence in any space. It provided comfort for the space. Urban furniture organizes a large part of the activities in the city and increases the quality of the citizens' enjoyment of the surrounding environment and increases their welfare and enjoyment in the streets, parks and other urban areas. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to measure residents' satisfaction with the situation of urban furniture with an identifying approach in the city of Karaj. The present study is descriptive-analytical in nature, survey type in terms of implementation, and field data in terms of data collection method. The results of the data study showed that urban furniture in this city does not have the desired beauty and fit, and the location of its furniture should be reviewed and corrected. And it can be said that another important factor in the design of urban furniture elements in this city is the discussion of culture. Today, unfortunately, our cities are gradually becoming more and more similar. The design of urban furniture components for each area should be done completely according to the culture of that area. Another point that should be considered in the design of urban furniture. An element of urban furniture should not cause the least harm to its user when used. Not using sharp edges and avoiding the use of harmful chemicals and dyes are among the general solutions in this regard.

Urban population explosion has reached the stage in the less developed countries is increasing. In 1800, about 29 million people lived in cities with over 200 years of urban population reached nearly 3 billion people. It was not a hit, but the need and role of urban management has doubled. The present study aims to assess good governance in the management of urban eslamshahr is using swot, To achieve this, first the good governance of the Iran, between countries in terms of indicators of good governance was appointed by the world bank and then using the analytic interviews with residents and city officials were paid of eslamshahr and a list of the main strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities facing the eslamshahr manager in identifying and finally, to assess the relative importance of good urban governance highest priority strategies identified and presented in the of eslamshahr, research findings show that the vortex of of eslamshahr manager of the cell and the top -down approach has been caught and the inefficient management, structural and institutional weaknesses in the administration of the city suffers. Authorities and organizations responsible for the administration of the city to improve the situation and resolve the current situation should be to minimize and mitigate the weaknesses in the management and the exclusion of ethnic and sectarian prejudices and the participation of civil activism, urban areas in the eslamshahr to provide good governance.