مسعود احمدی

Dam building industry is considered as one of the first and most complex part of civil affairs and therefore it has always been one of the topics under the scrutiny of different societies. High dams have weaknesses against shear stresses. According to the results of the dynamic analysis, it is concluded that the seismic shocks caused by the earthquake cause the expansion of many large and small cracks in the upper areas of the core. Due to the fact that dams are usually built in mountainous areas, the existence of faults near and far from the axis of the dam is inevitable. Investigating the seismic potential of each fault in the far or near distance and the effect of the resulting earthquake on the stability of the dam is one of the main criteria for locating the axis of the dam. Therefore, the detailed investigation of the impact of earthquakes in far and near fields on the stability of dams is of special importance in dam design and stability evaluation of existing dams. Modeling in this research has been done using Geostudio (2018) finite element software. In order to perform dynamic analysis, the records of earthquakes in Borujerd, Khorramabad and Sarpul Zahab of Kermanshah have been used. According to the results of the quasi-static analysis of the Meruk dam, it was concluded that the increase in the core thickness has caused a decrease in the stability assurance factor of the dam; Also, the results of the dynamic analysis of the studied dam showed that the maximum settlement that occurred in the dam without increasing the core width under the effect of Borujerd, Khorramabad and Sarpol Zahab earthquakes was 0.18 meters, 2.35 meters, and 0.04 meters, respectively.

Introduction :

One of the basic issues in urban management is revenue management in the municipality. On the other hand, the upstream documents specifically emphasize the financial independence of municipalities based on paragraph b of note 52 of the law. This created an accelerated movement by which municipalities have turned to unstable and short-term income generation. In general, municipal financing sources can be divided into two categories: internal and external sources. Internal financial resources include cash flows from operating activities, asset sales, and accumulated profits, and external financial resources include funds acquired through the financial market, such as issuing bonds, issuing new shares, and receiving facilities. One of the foundational approaches in sustainable urban income generation is the growth and development of good urban governance. Creating new businesses with high added value, developing existing businesses, promoting economic growth and social welfare, reducing the unemployment rate, and finally increasing per capita production and establishing social justice are among the achievements of good urban governance. It seems that according to the existing arrangements and various sources for financing described, there is a potential possibility of generating income and financing. The main issue is how to manage finances and income sources and expenses properly. In this context, good urban governance, relying on the principles of participation, transparency, rule of law, responsibility, accountability, and effectiveness, has provided the necessary mechanisms for managing the revenue sources of municipalities. Suppose the financial management of the municipality is in harmony with the goals of good urban governance. In that case, the regulation of financial inflows and outflows in this institution will not be far from expected and accessible. Therefore, good urban governance must be relied on to create sustainable income for city managers and citizens. This issue is also worthy of attention from a negative point of view because continuing the current situation can lead to the spread of financial corruption, injustice in the distribution of urban facilities, and citizens’ dissatisfaction, which will bring destructive and long-term effects. From a theoretical point of view, the significant number of articles indexed in the country’s scientific journals shows that the categories of “municipal revenue sources” and “good urban governance” have an important position. Of course, the main research gap is that a combined study regarding the role of good governance in the financial management of the municipal institution has been neglected from the researchers’ point of view. Therefore, according to the existing research gap in this study, both categories will be addressed together with an integrated approach. In other words, the contribution of the research and theoretical synergy of the present study is the attention to the management of revenue resources of municipalities based on good urban governance. Therefore, this study is an attempt to fill the research gap in the field of managing revenue resources of municipalities based on good urban governance with an approach based on an exploratory research design that covers the research gap. The present study will answer this key question: how is the management model of municipalities’ revenue resources based on good urban governance?

This study is an applied-developmental research conducted to design and validate the revenue resource management model in line with good urban governance in municipalities. Based on the data collection method, it is considered a cross-sectional survey. To achieve the research goal, an exploratory mixed research design was used. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes experts, professors, and general actors present in public and non-governmental institutions and organizations involved in developing these municipal financial policies. Based on the view of Miller et al. (2010), five criteria of keyness, popularity, theoretical knowledge, diversity, and participation motivation were used to select participants. Sampling was done using a purposeful method, and theoretical saturation was obtained from 15 interviews. The statistical population of the quantitative part includes all the actors present in public and non-governmental institutions and organizations involved in the process of formulating these financial policies of municipalities. The sample size was estimated to be 384 people using Cochran’s formula, and since the statistical population is homogeneous, simple random sampling was used for sampling in the quantitative part. The main tools for collecting research data are semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The interview consisted of 5 basic questions and was conducted in a semi-structured way. The research questionnaire includes nine main constructs and 64 items with a five-point Likert scale. Content validity (opinion from experts) was used to measure the validity of the questionnaire, and its validity was confirmed. Also, the total Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire was 0.856 in a preliminary study. After distributing the questionnaire to the selected sample, the validity of the questionnaire was checked using three methods construct validity (external model), convergent validity (AVE), and divergent validity. AVE value for all variables should be greater than 0.5. Composite reliability (CR) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each factor were calculated to calculate the reliability. Thematic analysis was used to identify the categories of revenue resource management models that are in line with good urban governance in municipalities. The partial least squares method was used to validate the model. Data analysis was done in the qualitative phase with Maxqda software and in the quantitative phase with Smart PLS software.

In the findings section, the interviews were conducted using thematic analysis based on the six-step Ethrid-Sterling method. In the open coding stage, 1441 codes were identified. Through axial coding, two overarching themes, nine main themes, and 64 secondary themes were obtained. The factor loadings are greater than 0.6 in all cases, and the t statistic is greater than 1.96 in all cases. Therefore, the measurement part of the model is valid. And the coefficient of determination of the endogenous structures of the research model is favorable. The value of the determination coefficient of the municipality’s revenue resource management was estimated at 0.814. This shows that the variables of the model have been able to explain 81% of the changes in the management of municipal revenue resources. The index (Q^2) was also estimated to be positive in all cases, so the model has good predictive ability.

Research results showed that good urban governance affects urban planning, public culture, and meritocracy systems. These factors also affect the optimization of municipal tax and toll laws and municipal financial management tasks and lead to achieving sustainable financial resources and sustainable urban development. Finally, obtaining financial resources and sustainable development leads to the management of sustainable municipal income resources.

Sugar beet is one of the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) hosts and destructive virus (Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, BNYVV) which is the cause of rhizomania disease. The use of resistant cultivars is the simplest and most efficient method of managing plant diseases. Based on this, to develop a cultivar resistant to rhizomania and root knot nematode in sugar beet, two populations carrying resistance genes to the above-mentioned diseases were identified and selected. From the target population, 10 half-sib families were developed and crossed with single cross monogerm 7112*SB36 and 10 monogerm hybrids were developed. Evaluation of hybrids in terms of quantitative and qualitative traits led to the selection of four superior hybrids including SBSI043, SBSI042, SBSI041 and SBSI044. Results of combined analysis of these hybrids with a domestic resistant control to rhizomania (Arya) and two foreign resistant controls (Castile and Rosier) and a susceptible cultivar for two years in a field infected to rhizomania in four regions (Mashhad, Shiraz, Hamadan and Qazvin) showed the complete superiority of all four hybrids compared with domestic resistant control. This hybrid was recognized as the best domestic hybrid in the test to determine the agricultural capacity of new domestic cultivars in seven infected and non-infected regions of the country, with an average sugar yield of 8.79 tons per hectare after two foreign controls. The new hybrid SBSI043 is the first cultivar with double-resistant (rhizomania and root knot nematode) named "Asia" and was introduced to growers for spring cultivation in different regions of my country, especially the regions infected to both diseases and exports to Azerbaijan, Syria and Egypt countries.

Foreign trade in essential goods in the country has faced the most sanctions in the past two decades, significantly impacting market stability, economic welfare, and food and social security. Therefore, it is one of the most important challenges policymakers face. The aim of this research is to provide a model for analyzing foreign trade policy of essential goods under economic sanctions. This study is applied-developmental in nature and employs a cross-sectional survey method for data collection. The research participants consist of executive officials, policymakers, and university professors related to the subject. In the qualitative section, insights from 15 individuals were utilized, while 183 participants contributed to the quantitative section of the study. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-designed questionnaire. For data analysis, a grounded theory approach was used in the qualitative section, and Partial Least Squares (PLS) was employed in the quantitative section. Given the positive and significant relationships among the identified components, the proposed model is relatively comprehensive and complete based on the implications and characteristics of foreign trade, making it more suitable than other models presented by experts, especially those designed for non-commercial societies.

The main objective of this research is to Identifying the competences of revolution level managers in Islamic governance with an emphasis on entrepreneurship from perspective of Imam Khomeini(RA) words. In this research, in the first step, all the written statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) were examined, and then, using the grounded theory, the statements related to the competency components of leaders of the revolutionary level in Islamic governance were coded. The results of the investigations show that 55 sub-themes can be extracted according to the Thematic analysis method in the statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) in relation to the purpose of the research. Finally, by classifying the identified themes, seven main themes: Creative thinking and idea generation, systemic thinking, ethical and brave, characteristics, personality, manager and resourceful, revolutionary Muslim and integration with society as the main components of competence for top level managers of the revolution were identified.

The low-income housing policy in Iran cannot meet the housing needs of the target groups and the problem of housing aggravates by the day. Therefore, there should be a major revision in the process of policy-making, management and planning. The present research was carried out through one-to-one interviews, discourse analysis, and interpretive structural modeling, and 41 experts participated in this study. The policy of low-income housing has not been successful and it needs structural and radical modifications. In order to have a successful policy, 1. All sciences must be included in the process of policy-making, 2. Land policy-making must be modified, 3. Housing policy must be made in every province separately, 4. Main modifications are required in the tax and tenancy system, 5. The vacant houses should enter into consumption cycle. Generally, the present article describes the low-income housing policy and provides propositions to modify the content of the policies. The policy of low-income housing has not been successful and it needs structural and radical modifications. In order to have a successful policy, 1. All sciences must be included in the process of policy-making, 2. Land policy-making must be modified, 3. Housing policy must be made in every province separately, 4. Main modifications are required in the tax and tenancy system, 5. The vacant houses should enter into consumption cycle.

In the Civil Procedure Act, procedural defence set forth by the defendant regarding the deed relied upon by the claimant is raised in the form of denial, doubt or claim of forgery and it is silent in relation to other possible objections raised by the defendant, including rejection of a deed relied upon, silence and the use of the phrase "I don't know" concerning the person to whom the deed is attributed. Canadian arbitrators have ordered online hearings over the opposing party’s objection. While in Imami jurisprudence, silence and rejection, as well as "I don’t know", are mentioned as responses of the defendant to the claim of the plaintiff, along with the other responses of the defendant, i.e. confession and denial. This research aims to find the answer to the question that the defendant's use of the phrase "I don’t know" against a deed that is relied upon is compatible with which of his possible answers, i.e. denial, doubt, silence or rejection of authenticity of a deed. The findings of this research, which were obtained with a descriptive analytical method and a comparative approach in Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence, indicate that the imami jurists, firstly, did not address the defendant's response in relation to the document in question; rather, they examined it concerning the claim brought against the defendant.Secondly, they did not mention any response from the defendant under the title of doubt, and they categorized the defendant's responses as confession, silence, denial, and also what is considered to fall under denial. Meanwhile, the legislator has included the defendant's response in formal defense to consist of expressions of denial, doubt, or allegations of forgery, along with silence. In cases of denial, doubt, or allegations of forgery, the court orders an examination of the authenticity of the document. In case of silence, however, the default assumption is the validity of the submitted documents, and there is typically no evidence or reason to investigate the authenticity of the document. Almost all jurists have not included expressions of doubt among the responses of the defendant, considering the expression of denial sufficient to reject the claimant's request and viewing the response "I don't know" as a type of denial. On the other hand, Formal and substantive defenses regarding the submitted document do not align with the rule of "I don't know," and one cannot, solely based on a declaration of unawareness and lack of knowledge regarding the existence or content of the submitted document, derive any effect from it. However, if the court encounters such a situation and the defendant is present, it should clarify the perceived formal objections and guide the defendant to express their intentions clearly.

The quality of intra-organizational communication is related to organizational success, so accountants' communication may improve or inhibit organizational performance. The information that the accountants share in their organization is designed to help the managers of the organization in planning, controlling, and making decisions. Considering the importance of the organizational context for creating and adjusting the relationships of accountants as knowledgeable agents of the organization, the present article examines the role of accountants in their organization, the challenges and facilities of organizational characteristics, and the accountant's strategies in response to them, by the qualitative approach. It pays to moderate and control communication challenges. All the interviews were conducted in 2023 and the number of interviewed panel members includes 30 accountants in different organizational levels in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Analyzing the interviews in the framework of Gidden's structuration theory and Stone's strong structuration theory, the results show the important relationships of accountants in a context with employees with limited financial knowledge, limited organizational resources, limited information technology, and the dominance of the operational mission over financial and supply requirements accounting force; And accountants' structural adaptations are in adopting multiple forms of communication reframing. The results of the present article examine the communication of accountants beyond formal written reports and analyze their informal communication strategies.

Cystic nematode is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and extent of this nematode in Iran and in order to prevent its damage, it is recommended to use resistant cultivars. The prerequisite for the development of resistant cultivars is the presence of resistant genotypes. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative yield of new sugar beet hybrids and determining their agronomic value in the field with natural infection under sugar beet cyst nematode in Razavi Khorasan province.

In order to determine the agronomic value of advanced sugar beet hybrids, 15 new domestic hybrids along with two resistant (Aria) and sensitive (Sharif) control cultivars were evaluated during the years 2020 and 2021 in the field infected with cystic nematode in Torogh Agricultural Research Station (Mashhad) in the form of randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The investigation of resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode of 17 genotypes was also carried out under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Muller's method was used to evaluate cultivars under greenhouse conditions. After performing the homogeneity of variances test through Bartlett's test, composite analysis of two years' data was done. By using correlation coefficients between measured parameters, their relationships were compared to each other. In order to group the experimental materials, Ward's cluster analysis was used. LSD test was used at the probability level of five percent to compare the mean of the traits.

The combined analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the hybrids in terms of all traits. Mean comparison showed that hybrid SBSI 126 had the highest root yield (57.91 tonha-1). In addition, this hybrid had higher values of sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield than the resistant control cultivar (Aria) as well as the average of all genotypes. The SBSI 138 hybrid had the lowest values of root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar content and white sugar content, and it was the most sensitive genotype to cyst nematode among the genotypes after the sensitive control variety (Sharif). The results of cluster analysis in the field experiment showed that hybrids SBSI 126, SBSI 129 and SBSI 128 had high yield potential and were placed in one cluster.Correlation coefficients of studied traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation (0.97) was found between root yield and sugar yield and the highest negative and significant correlation (-0.93) was also obtained between extraction coefficient of sugar and sugar beet molasses. There was a positive and significant correlation at the level of 1%between white sugar yield and root yield (0.85), sugar content (0.40), sugar yield (0.95), potassium (0.57), nitrogen (0.51) and molasses sugar percentage (0.25). While a negative and significant correlation was observed between white sugar yield and alkalinity coefficient (-0.52) at the level of 1%. In this research, there was a significant difference at the level of 1% between the evaluated genotypes in greenhouse conditions in terms of female index of the cyst nematode (FI). The results of cultivar grouping according to Schmidt and Shannon showed that the SBSI 126 genotype with the lowest index (11.66%) has the highest resistance among genotypes.

In general, the results showed that the SBSI 126 hybrid can be recommended as a cyst nematode-resistant hybrid for growing in infected fields due to its resistance and high white sugar yield.

The present research aimed to design a model for the resistance of managers in governmental organizations to implementing administrative reform programs. The research method was based on mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section consisted of managers of executive agencies, consultants of executive agencies, university professors in the field of public management, higher education centers, experts and specialists in the subject of research, and in the quantitative section, employees of management levels, consultants and experts of nine selected organizations in the provinces of Mazandaran, Golestan, Tehran, and Ilam in the summer of 2022, with a total of 1126 participants. In the qualitative section, using the snowball sampling method to reach theoretical saturation with 16 experts, in-depth interviews were conducted, and in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire with 127 items was distributed among 286 participants using relative stratified sampling. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, necessary examinations were carried out, including acceptability (expert review) and confirmability (expert review again). In the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by three methods formal, content (CVR and CVI range for items between 0.6 to 1 and 0.85 to 1), and structure (convergent validity range between 0.552 to 0.751 and discriminant validity greater than the correlation of the structure with other structures). Reliability was estimated and confirmed by three methods factor loading coefficient of items (greater than 0.4), Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.760 to 0.888),

Step spillways are an example of these massive hydraulic structures that, in addition to passing the excess water of the dams, also cause the consumption of flow energy downstream of the dams. Considering the complex hydraulics of the flow on these spillways and the presence of nonlinear limitations, their optimal design is a very difficult problem. In this study, a new framework based on Metaheuristic algorithms, including Harris's hawk Optimization (HHO), gray wolf Optimizer (GWO), invasive weeds Optimization (IWO) and water cycle Algorithm (WCA), considering the minimization of the amount of concrete used in spillway and the maximization of energy dissipation in Spillway toe were developed as objective functions to design these spillways. Algorithms' performance was first checked and validated on basic functions. Then, to achieve the objectives of the study, the spillway of the Siah Bisheh dam was selected as the study dam and the efficiency of the developed models based on the four mentioned algorithms was evaluated on it. The results showed that, in addition to improving the current spillway design in terms of construction costs and dissipation energy, the HHO-based model has good accuracy and convergence compared to other Metaheuristic algorithms. As the comparison of the design obtained from HHO with the current spillway design showed, in addition to a 35% reduction in the volume of concrete consumed, the amount of energy dissipation increased by 15%, which indicates the success of the design model developed in a multi-objective manner using HHO.

The understanding of narratives is examined and analyzed through a theoretical science known as narratology, and what has emerged from the structuralist foundations of narratology is known as combining narratives. The structuralist idioms and key narratological issues of narratologists' ideas that have been established in this subject will be examined in this study, as well as examining the story of My Bird by Fariba Wafi utilizing the content analysis approach and the information acquired from it. Wafi is one of the female writers who, in the context of female narration in the story of My Bird, has been able to embrace the audience with this story and build a narrative story based on the components addressed in this study termed characterization, focus, and narrative time. The evolution of the characters in the story can be noticed in its evolutionary process by studying these components in the topic of characterization in the realm of direct and indirect description, action, speech, appearance, character strength through analogy, and environment. And the discussion of travel and migration in the external and interior features of the minds of the male and female characters of the story leads to their psychological structure in the discussion of the narrative chain and in the discussion of centralization, Individuals got focalized in discussions of psychological components, and the frequent use of the verb in narrative time discussions became a generalizable result for underdeveloped characters. This article has been done by descriptive-comparative analytical method.

Plant breeding is based on genetic diversity. Genetic diversity originates from natural evolution and is the most important component in the stability of biological systems and ensures long-term adaptation and population survival . Conventional agriculture has caused a drastic reduction in the diversity of crop plants. Among the 30,000 identified edible plant species, only 30 species are the main sources of nutrition for the world's people. Considering that the existence of genetic diversity is necessary for success in plant breeding, therefore, the selection of superior genotypes from among the modified populations depends on the existence of genetic diversity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the genetic diversity of sugar beet half-sib families in the conditions of natural infection with rhizomania and cyst nematode and to determine the relationships of different traits using multivariate statistical methods.

This experiment was studied the half-sib families of sugar beet (90 lines) in a field naturally infected with cyst nematode and rhizomania at Torogh Agricultural Research Station (Mashhad) in 2020 using Augmented design with four controls, Aria, Fernando, Pauletta and Sharif.

The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant genetic diversity among the half-sib families studied in terms of root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield. The highest amount of heritability among the evaluated traits was related to white sugar yield with 86.87% heritability, which indicates that this trait is less influenced by environmental factors. In this research, white sugar yield had a positive and significant correlation with all traits except molasses sugar percentage at the probability level of 1%. Stepwise regression showed that the two attributes of sugar yield and extraction coefficient of sugar cause more than 99% of changes in white sugar yield. Path analysis results showed that sugar yield had the most direct and positive effect on white sugar yield. Based on cluster analysis, the experimental genotypes were classified into three distinct groups; So that the first group included half-sib families that had high root yield and sugar.

Due to the existence of considerable diversity between the traits and experimental half-sib families, half-sibs with desirable traits can be selected based on breeding goals and used in future breeding programs in order to prepare cultivars resistant to cyst nematode and rhizomania diseases.

Water is the most significant limiting factor for sugar beet cultivation in Iran. Autumn sowing of sugar beet in dry climates like Iran consumes less water compared to spring sowing and can be a more suitable option for taking advantage of autumn and winter rains and dealing with the water shortage crisis. It seems that the transfer of sugar beet cultivation from spring to autumn will cause that in addition to consuming much less water in this type of cultivation and increasing the efficiency of water consumption, it will have a significant economic benefit for farmers and will spread quickly. But autumn sowing is facing problems in many areas. Therefore, the current research was conducted to investigate the effect of winter sowing on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet. The experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with four replications on 11 early maturity sugar beet cultivars at Jovein, Torbat-Jam, and Moghan agricultural research stations for one, two, and three crop years, respectively. In order to study the effect of genotype-environment interaction and to identify genotypes with general and specific stability, AMMI and MTSI stability analysis methods were used. The combined analysis of variance results based on the AMMI model confirmed the significant effect of the main effects of environment and cultivar at the one percent probability level. The interaction between them also showed a statistically significant difference at the one percent probability level. The analysis of the multiplicative effects of the AMMI model confirmed that the first two components are significant at the one percent probability level and together explain 75.20% of the interaction variation. The bi-plot obtained from the mean white sugar yield and the first principal component of the interaction confirmed the superiority of FDIR19B4028 and Modex cultivars due to their high white sugar yield and stability. According to the bi-plot results obtained from the first two components, there was no appreciable specific adaptability between cultivars with Moghan environment in 2021 and 2020, but on the other hand, a very high specific adaptability was observed between Moghan environment in 2019 with Modex cultivar, Torbat-Jam in 2021 and 2020 respectively with Asia and SVZD2019 cultivars, and Jovein with SVZC2019 cultivar. Cadmus cultivar has general adaptability because it is somewhat close to the origin of the coordinates. Based on the results of the MTSI index, SVZD2019 was ranked first, and FDIR19B4028, Dravus, and FDIR19B3021 were placed in the next ranks of the most ideal sustainable cultivars in terms of all studied traits. In general, four cultivars of SVZD2019, FDIR19B4028, Dravus and FDIR19B3021 are recommended for winter cultivation. The obtained results show that the development of winter sugar beet sowing is certainly one of the important strategies for using seasonal rains and saving water consumption; In this regard, in the winter sowing of sugar beet, choosing the suitable cultivar plays a very vital role, so that it affects most of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

To evaluation and selection of different genotypes of sugar beet for winter cultivation in Razavi Khorasan province, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted separately in two regions (Jovin and Torbet-Jam) in 2018-19.In the Jovein region, 94.11 percent of the total variation in the data was explained by three components. Based on these findings, the characteristics of molasses sugar, sodium content, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield are the most appropriate selection criteria for winter planting genotypes. Using Ward's method, cluster analysis revealed that the investigated genotypes were distributed into three clusters in both regions. FDIR19B3021 genotype in the first cluster of the Jovin region and FDIR19B4028 genotype in the Torbet-Jam region, SBSI-6 and SVZA2019-JD0402 genotypes in the second cluster as desirable genotypes for the Jovin and Torbet-Jam regions, and SVZA2019-JD0400 genotype in the third cluster. The Perfekta variety was selected as the Torbet-Jam representative for the Jovin region. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the genotypes used in the two regions are distinct, and that the increase in root impurities is a problem associated with winter cultivation, despite the fact that the root yield is maximized. The FDIR19B3021 genotype is recommended in the Jovin region, while the FDIR19B4028 genotype can be suggested in the Torbet-Jam region.

High yield and yield stability across a range of environmental conditions is one of the main objectives of crop breeding programs. In this study, white sugar yield stability of nine sugar beet cultivars commercially released in Iran from 2011 to 2020 with an introduced foreign cultivar as check was evaluated using randomized complete block design with four replications in six research field stations; Karaj, Ardabil, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Moghan, Miandoab, in four cropping seasons 2017-2021. The combined analysis of variance revealed that effects of genotype, year, location, and year × location, genotype × year, genotype × location and genotype × year × location were significant (p ≤ 0.01) on white sugar yield. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction showed that the first seven components were significant (p ≤ 0.01). Based on AMMI1 analysis, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta had white sugar yield stability. Linear mixed model analysis showed that the effects of genotype and genotype × environment interaction were significant (p ≤ 0.01) on white sugare yield. Based on the BLUP method, cv. Perfecta, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa had the highest predicted mean value of white sugar yield. Biplot of white sugar yield with the WAASB index showed that cv. Asia, cv. Arta and cv. Shokoufa had higher sugar yield as well as higher white sugar yield stability. Ranking of sugar beet cultivars based on WAASB/white sugar yield ratio identified cv. Arta, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa as high yielding with white sugar yield stability. Simultaneous ranking and selection of cultivars based on 50:50 WAASB/white sugar yield ratio resulted the same. Therefore, cv. Asia followed by cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta had relatively higher WAASBY indices. Considering the results of this study, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta were identified as high yielding with higher white sugar yield stability.

The yield and quality of sugar in this plant, like other plants, are strongly influenced by environmental factors, and high modifications occur in its quantitative and qualitative performance. Therefore, the present research was designated and implemented to study the effect of genotype-environment interaction on the quantitative and qualitative production potential of sugar beet cultivars and also determine their adaptability to a wide range of environments with different conditions.

Seven cultivars of sugar beet, consisting of four domestic and three foreign cultivars formed the genetic material of the present study. The plant materials under investigation were cultivated in the randomized complete block design with four replications in four regions of Borujerd, Piranshahr, Jovein, and Shirvan in 2021. After harvesting and estimating root yield, sugar content, white sugar yield, and extraction coefficient of sugar for each of the experimental cultivars, analysis of the stability of root yield and white sugar yield were done by using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model and simultaneous analysis of the stability of four measured characteristics with a multi-trait stability index.

The additive effects analysis results of AMMI's model showed that genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interaction were significant at the 1% probability level. Analyzing the multiplicative effect of AMMI's model into principal components showed that in both studied traits, only the first two components of the interaction were significant at the 1% probability level. According to the biplot of the mean yield against the weighted average of absolute scores of the principal components, the Dena in terms of root yield and Dena and Sina in terms of white sugar yield was known as stable cultivars with suitable yield. In the biplot of the first and second principal components of the genotype-environment interaction, the Dena in terms of root yield and Dena, Ekbatan, and Sina in terms of white sugar yield was recognized as cultivars with suitable general adaptability. The studied areas were divided into three mega-environments in terms of each root yield and white sugar yield, so Jovein and Shirvan were identified as the first mega-environment, Borujerd as the second mega-environment, and Piranshahr as the third mega-environment. Based on the results of the multi-trait stability index, the Perfekta was the most ideal cultivar at the same time in terms of all four traits of root yield, white sugar yield, sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar, and after that, Flores and Sina were the ideal cultivars.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the environmental conditions and their interaction with the genotype play a significant role in influencing the phenotypic expression of traits in different sugar beet genotypes and cause yield fluctuations from one environment to another. Therefore, it is necessary to be more careful when releasing genotypes to introduce genotypes that are adaptable to the conditions of the target environment and produce suitable products.

The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and prioritize the biorhythm cycle management model of the staff of educational-medical centers through the research method of heuristic mixed model. Statistical population in the qualitative section, a group of experts including professors in the field of organizational behavior management in universities and higher education centers, Vice Chancellor for Management Development and Resources of medical universities, and experts on physiological performance and biorhythm cycle. Shift in rotation of Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Sari, consisting of nurses, midwives, paramedics, services, laboratory and radiology with 820 people and in the prioritization department, senior managers and vice president of organizational development and resources of the University of Medical Sciences and Services They were from Mazandaran. In the qualitative part of the snowball sampling method, 20 people, in the quantitative part with the relative class sampling method based on the Cochran's formula, 264 people and in the prioritization section, 35 people with the non-random "targeted" method. Were selected as the statistical sample. Data in the qualitative part through grounded theory (GT) technique by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews in MAXQDA software, in the quantitative part through structural equation modeling (SEM) with a researcher-made 74-item questionnaire in SPSS and AMOS software In the prioritization section, it was analyzed through hierarchical analysis (AHP) with a matrix questionnaire in EXPERT CHOICE software. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, the necessary tests including acceptability (expert review) and verification (expert review) were used. In the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires was divided into three

formal, content (CVR and CVI range). For items between 0.6 to 0.1 and 0.85 to 0.1) and the structure (convergent validity range between 0.524 to 0.812 and divergent validity greater than the correlation of the structure with other structures) was confirmed. . Reliability was estimated by three methods of determining the factor load coefficients of items (more than 0.4), Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.703 to 0.914) and combined reliability (between 0.814 to 0.940) and Confirmed. In the prioritization section, the content of the matrix questionnaire was approved by five academic and organizational experts in terms of comprehensibility and expressiveness, and the rate of incompatibility of the criteria was calculated and confirmed as 0.007 to 0.04. Qualitative findings showed that the physiological performance model of human resources, based on a biorhythm cycle with 16 components describing causal conditions (working conditions, demographic characteristics and individual conditions), background conditions (organizational structure, motivation of managers and employees and moral intelligence) Intervention conditions (culture building, teamwork and organizational and non-organizational challenges), strategy (education and awareness, biorhythm cycle planning and performance management) and outcome (job performance improvement, physiological performance of human resources and performance improvement) Organizational) has been. The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed. The results of the prioritization section also indicate the greater importance of the results (outcome) and the component of improving organizational performance.

One of the sources of interpretation of the Convention on contracts for the International Sale Goods is the principle of good faith. The emergence of the concept of good faith versus Good Faith derives from the contract law of Rome. There is no definition of this principle in the law of the Roman-German or Commonwealth countries, nor in the Convention in question. Lawyers in different countries have generally been reluctant to define it for reasons such as its obviousness or even its difficulty. So that some authors in their article have called the definition of Good Faith "a definition of the indefinable". Others, however, have provided definitions. Given that the Convention on contracts for the International Sale Goods in paragraph 1 of Article 7 declares the principle of good faith as merely a means of interpreting the provisions of the Convention, this article specifically seeks to answer the question of whether good faith as a Is an independent obligation applied to the parties to the contract in the implementation of the obligations or not? The present study, which is based on a descriptive-analytical method and based on a library study written in order to respond to this important issue, examines rules and principles such as the principle of necessity, the rule of abuse of rights and the Estoppel rule to discover the basis of this principle. The provisions of the Convention on contracts for the International Sale Goods seek to identify and identify materials that have been developed in accordance with the principle of good faith in the performance of contractual obligations. as a result; It can be said that the principle of good faith is considered not only as a source of interpretation, but also as a contractual obligation in the implementation of the obligations of the parties.

In line with the fundamental social and information changes in the country and the creation of new models in public administration at the global level, which with the emergence of new public administration, caused very rapid changes in the age of technology, so that the need for coordination between these changes and benefiting from technological advantages has become more clear. . Today, electronic information and communication technologies such as virtual space, e-mail, web pages, digital networks, and similar things have created many new opportunities for communication between the government and citizens, and its effects can provide better public services and also in the field of political, governmental and managerial activities and communications. The aim of this research is to design a conceptual model of security governance of internal messaging social networks, the data collection method is an in-depth interview with university informants and IT managers are executive organizations of the country. Sampling has been done by snowball method and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The results of the interviews during the process of open, central and selective coding led to the creation of the data theory of the foundation in the field of governance of internal messaging social networks. The dimensions obtained from this research include 9 dimensions, which are: effective communication, contextual factors, government policies and Social progress, strategic security and trust and strategic and family policies, quality of communication and political fate, these components can be effective in the security governance of internal messaging networks. Finally, based on the obtained data and referring to the results of the research questions, practical suggestions were presented.

Generalized anxiety disorder has many negative consequences, including reduced resilience. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effectiveness of assertiveness training program on the resilience and clinical symptoms of students with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students aged 16 to 18 in the second-high school of Karaj city in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them number of 50 people of them were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 25 including experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes under the assertiveness training program and during this time the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams and Lowe, 2006) and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups have significantly different in terms of the variables of resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. In the other words, the assertiveness training program led to increase resilience (F-41.25, P<0.001) and reduce clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (F-28.34, P<0.001) in students.

The results indicated the effectiveness of the assertiveness training program on resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the assertiveness training program along with other training methods and programs to increase resilience and reduce the clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The promotion and development of winter-sown sugar beet is one of the significant approaches for using seasonal rainfalls and saving irrigation water for its production. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to study the of genotype × environment interaction effect on white sugar yield of 11 winter season short-season sugar beet cultivars, and selection of superior cultivars in three regions of Moghan,(2019, 2020 and 2021) Torbat-e-Jam (2020 and-2021), and Joveyn (2020) using randomized complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance showed that the environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction had significant (P ≤ 0. 01) effect on white sugar yield. The GGE biplot method revealed that the first and second main components explained 83.64% of the total variation in white sugar yield. Based on the GGE biplot method, in Moghan 2021, cv. SVZB2019 and Dravos, and in Moghan 2019 and 2020, in Torbat-e-Jam 2020 and 2021 and in Joveyn 2020, cv. FDIR19B3021, cv. FDIR19B4028 and cv. SVZA2019 identified as the best cultivars with high white sugar yield and yield stability, respectively. In general, it was concluded that the environment played a significant role in phenotypic expression of the white sugar yield in the winter-sown short season sugar beet cultivars. Therefore, it would be necessary to select and release sugar beet cultivars adapted to climatic and agronomic conditions for winter sowing in target environments.

The environmental problems and issues and attempt to improve the environmental conditions for humans and other creatures have been among the most important challenges faced by developing countries such as Iran for many years. It should be confirmed in such conditions that governments can’t solve all the imposed problems and damages to the environment. Therefore, some duties should be divided between government and citizens and people’s role should be changed from inactive observers to responsible citizens to improve their living environment resources. In such conditions, governors, decision-makers, and senior managers of the system won’t have any solution except alignment, engagement, and interactions to reduce the environmental problems and improve environmental indexes to rescue from these conditions. This interaction and cooperation can be studied only in the shadow of the basic and public education of members of the community of managers and officials and also resorting to the principles of sustainable development. This interaction and cooperation will be possible only in the light of the acquirable and sustainable development principles. The lack of the systematic awareness and knowledge among managers and decision-makers of the country is one of the biggest problems and challenges in this field. Thus, this research, as a developing and yet applied study, tries to examine the articles in this field and to design a policy-making pattern for civic engagement in the environmental field according to the importance of environmental plans and public engagement in developing its protection for economic plans.