مسعود علیپناه

Historically, medicinal plants have been one of the most important resources for therapeutic purposes, and even today, their use is expanding in many developed countries. Salinity stress is a major factor that limits plant growth by reducing metabolic and physiological activities. One of the effects of salinity stress is the increased production of abscisic acid in plants. In recent years, the use of seaweed and its extracts has been tested as a method to mitigate the effects of salinity stress on plants. According to the studies conducted in some plants, seaweed extract can cause the growth and expansion of the roots and help to increase the absorption of water and minerals through the roots. Also, based on the research conducted on some plants, the use of seaweed increases the amount of chlorophyll in the plant and accelerates the time of flowering and fruit formation in the plant. Echium amoenum is a perennial plant belonging to the family Borage is a valuable plant in terms of its medicinal properties is considered. In general environmental factors have a significant effect on flower production in these plants. Therefore, for the successful cultivation of medicinal plants, including in general environmental factors have a significant effect on flower production in these plants. Therefore, for the successful cultivation of medicinal plants, including Echium amoenum, providing optimal environmental conditions is a priority, providing optimal environmental conditions is a priority. Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract contains significant amounts of high-use mineral elements such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and low-use mineral elements such as iron, copper, and manganese. Therefore, according to the current results, in this study, the effect of foliar spraying of algae extract was investigated. The morphological characteristics of Echium amoenum seedling under salt stress were investigated

In order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on borage flower seedlings under salinity stress conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors of seaweed and salinity stress with sodium chloride salt, in the form of a completely randomized design in the greenhouse. The seeds were purchased from Pakan Seed Company of Isfahan and soaked in normal water for 24 hours, and then they were transferred into small pots containing three parts of peat moss and one part of perlite. One week after transferring the seedlings to the main pots, foliar spraying with seaweed extract was done. Foliar-spraying was repeated once every two weeks and in total the seedlings were sprayed three times with seaweed extract. In this experiment, a concentration of 1500 ppm of seaweed extract and three levels of salinity (EC=1.6, 4, 8) were used. The seaweed extract used in this experiment belonged to Akadin Company. The type of seaweed from which the extract was prepared was Ascophyllum nodosum and it is a type of brown algae. One week after the first foliar application of seaweed extracts, the application of salinity stress began. In order to prevent shock in plants, salinity treatment was done gradually and in three stages. In order to prevent salt accumulation, washing with ordinary water was done once every two weeks.

The results showed that the use of seaweed extract can significantly protect plant growth under salinity stress. Seaweed extract increased the amount of proline and potassium in the leaves of the plant and thereby reduced the harmful effects of salinity stress on the borage plant. In addition, foliar spraying of borage plant with the use of seaweed extract increased the amount of chlorophyll in the plant, and in this way, by increasing the amount of photosynthesis in the plant; it helped the plant to grow better under salt stress conditions. The results of this research indicate that the use of seaweed extract helps plants maintain their health under salt stress by increasing proline levels and enhancing potassium absorption in plant tissues. Additionally, foliar spraying with seaweed extract preserves the chlorophyll structure in plants experiencing salinity stress, thereby increasing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting better growth under such conditions.

Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that seaweed can mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress in Iranian borage seedlings. Furthermore, due to its low cost and availability, it can serve as a suitable bio-fertilizer to support plant growth in saline conditions.

Silkworm rearing has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Khorasan Razavi people for a long time. This study was conducted to determine robust hybrids for economically important traits in mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori under numerous climatic conditions. To identify the most suitable hybrid for Khorasan Razavi climatic conditions, 14 imported hybrids were compared with four Iranian local hybrids. In the spring of 2021, rearing was carried out under uniformed laboratory condition by adopting standard method. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications and 200 larvae per replication using procedure of GLM in SAS 9.2 in the Torbat Heydarieh sericulture center (Torbat Heydarieh, Iran). These eighteen hybrids were evaluated for their performance in eight metric traits viz., larval losses, percentage of pupae, percentage of cocoons (good, medium, weak and double), weight of cocoons (good, medium, weak and double), number per liter, weight of one liter, weight of cocoon cortex, percentage of cocoon cortex and percentage of raw silk. The results showed that Chines hybrid Q×B had higher cocoon weight with 339.57 gr (P <0.05). Also, L2×R had higher shell cocoon perecent with 24.36%  (P <0.05) and L2×OR showed higher average mean of cocoon wight with 1.72 gr (P <0.05). The result of the present study indicated that six hybrids viz., 872 × 871, B × Q, BB × QA, HB × JA, JA × HB, and M × S exhibited better performance in imported Chinese hybrids, and three Iranians hybrids viz., 103 × 104, 151 × 154, 154 × 151 had better performance in Torbat Heydariyeh region of Khorasan Razavi province.

At present, according to the production capacities of the country, along with the production of domestic hybrids, silkworm egg, are also imported from other country. Climate regions have a great impact on the performance of silkworm hybrids. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and compare hybrids in different climates of the country separately and introduce the best hybrids. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of six domestic hybrids and four imported hybrids in Khorasan Razavi region with arid and semi-arid climate. The hybrids studied in this research were reared in the spring of 2020 under standard conditions in Sericulture center of Khorasan Razavi Province in Torbat Heydariyeh city. The measured traits included viability percentage, cocoon weight, box yield, number and weight of good cocoon, number and weight of waste cocoons, double cocoon percentage, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell percentage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications and 200 larvae per replication. The results showed that the two imported Chinese hybrids I×O and I×R had statistically lower yield for all traits compared to the other eight hybrids (P<0.05) and were not recommended for breeding in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh region. The two hybrids Q×B and B×Q, which are the result of two-way cross hybrids, had a significant difference (P<0.05) for the performance traits of a box, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percentage, average weight of good cocoons and number of cocoons. They are not recommended for breeding in Torbat-e Heydarieh region.
Although, viability and resistance is an important advantage for these two hybrids. Among the imported hybrids, two hybrids, 871×872 and 872×871, can be considered due to their superiority over other hybrids and similarity in the performance of important economic traits. In general, Iranian hybrids are well competitive with the top imported hybrids and can still be recommended and reared in Khorasan region.

Different types of imported and domesticatedhybrids of silkworm are rearing in different climatic conditions in Iran. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of silkworm hybrids used in two climatic regions ofIran, namely Shaft in Guilan province and Torbat Heydariyeh in Khorasan Razavi province.For this study, four Iranian hybrids and 14 Chinese imported hybrids were used in a completely randomized block design. For the studied traitsnumber of cocoons per liter, average weight of a cocoon, and weight of cocoon produced from a box, there was a significant difference(P<0.01) between the hybrids as well as the regions. The results of the present study showed that the performance of silkworm hybrids, regardless of their origin, is more affected by the rearing environment and there is a difference between hybrids in the studied climates. Therefore, selecting the most suitable hybrids for different climates of Iran seem to be essential.

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of dioxide titanium particles on growth and performance character. Based on previous works, it is expected that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) improving the feed efficiency and promote silk protein synthesis in the silkworm can be improved important traits such as cocoon shell weight and cocoon weight. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with three replications. Five groups of silkworms fed diets with dioxide titanium nanoparticles at 0, 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/l in duration 4 and 5 instars. Data were analyzed by SAS software, and Duncan test was used to compare the mean. It was observed that the addition of dioxide titanium nanoparticles at different levels significantly improved percent viability, cocoon and cocoon shell performance compared control group.  In comparison to the control treatment, cocoon weights rose by 3.3 and 3.85 percent in 5 and 10 mg/l dioxide titanium, respectively. In comparison to the control treatment, 5 mg/l nanoparticles had a higher cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio of 10.40 and 6.27 percent, respectively. Results showed that using dioxide titanium nanoparticles in 5 and 10 mg/l can increase cocoon and cocoon shell performance, but it has not effect on these traits with higher concentration.

With the aim of investigation of Humic and biological fertilizer sources together with nitrogen fertilizer on corm production on Torbat Heydarieh landrace, an experiment was conducted in research farm of University of Torbat Heydarieh in 2015-2016. The experiment consisted 18 treatments in which main factor was three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 25, 50 kg/ha as urea) and sub factor was application of Biumic (micronutrients and acid humic), Super humic, Superhumic+Biumic, Humiful (acid humic), Nitrokara (nitrogen, phosphorus-soluble bacteria) and control. The experiment performed as split plot layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results demonstrated that application of nitrogen had the significant effect on fresh weight and fresh yield of replacement corms. In 25 kg nitrogen treatment the fresh weight and fresh yield of replacement corms increased 5.6 and 8.2 percent in compared to control, respectively. In Super humic+Biumic treatment the fresh and dry weight of replacement corms increased 61.5 and 60.2 percent in compared to control, respectively. All of resource treatments significantly enhanced number of replacement corm. Overall, it seems that nitrogen fertilizer using had not considerable impact on corm traits, but employing of Humic and biological fertilizer could be very important on saffron corm production.

City of Torbat Heydarieh in the northeast of Iran is one of the most important region in rearing silkworm in country. In Iran, two types of silkworm are used for rearing, mostly hybrids produced in center of Iran silkworm research, also in some regions some of imported hybrids using for rearing. Understanding the resistance and sensitivity of these hybrids is essential for choosing the best hybrid in each region and for understanding their genetic capabilities to apply future breeding hybrid. In addition, considering the conditions in the traditional and industrial field of silkworm breeding, which is suffering from many contamination and morality reasons, the selection of resistant strains and hybrids is important for preventing a severe drop in production. The goals of many of pervious experiments were to identify the proper hybrid for each region. Results of studies in Iran showed that Iranian hybrids as 103 x 104, 104 x 103, 31 x 32 and 154 x 151 are proper for rearing in some region in Iran. Seven Iranian commercial silkworm hybrids were hatched and reared during the spring 2016 in center of silkworm development of Torbat Heydarieh. Propose of the study was compare of performance for silkworm hybrids.

The field survey was conducted for determination of performance in six Iranian silkworm hybrids namely 154 x 153, 32 x 31, 104 x 103, 151 x 154, 154 x 151, 153 x 154 and one Chines hybrid. Study was carried out by feeding on the mulberry variety Kenmuchi. For the propose one box of disease-free laying of each hybrid was obtained from Iran Sericulture Research Center (ISRC) and the eggs were rearing in the center of sericulture development of Torbat Heydarieh under standard conditions of 25°C with RH of 80 and photoperiod of 16L:8D. After hatching, silkworm larvae fed base on standard rearing conditions. The larvae were fed with the healthy leaves of Kenmuchi mulberry tree. After finishing of rearing stages, the produced cocoons were collected. Some of recorded traits were including: number of live larva, number of live pupa, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell percent, color of cocoon shell and duration of larva period. Results according by CRD were analysis using procedure of GLM in SAS 9.2.

While Iranian Hybrids in this study were similar for many of quality trait, Chinese hybrid was different in most of the traits. Chinese hybrid has longer molt period for 3th instar, young larvae and longer nutritional period for 4th instar, 5th instar and adult larvae, also the hybrid has longer larvae period in compare with Iranian hybrids. Results of analysis showed that Chinese hybrid had most number of good cocoons in litter (P<0.05) due to mean good cocoon weight in this hybrid was lowest in compare with hybrids. Results showed that Chinese hybrid had the lowest good cocoon weight and good cocoon mean (P<0.05). Mean weight of a good cocoon with female pupa in 32 x 31 and 151 x 154 hybrids was more than other hybrids, meanwhile Chines hybrid showed lowest weight (P<0.05). Male pupa in different hybrids had similar weight, but female pupa in 151 x 154 hybrid and Chines hybrid showed the most and the least weight, respectively. In other hand, 32 x 31 had a higher performance for these traits. Chines hybrid and 151 x 154 hybrid showed lowest mean of cocoon shell weight meanwhile, for the trait 32 x 31 had most performance. Number of egg laying in 32 x 31 hybrids was higher in compare with other hybrids. For other traits did not observe difference between studied hybrids although, for example 151 x 154 and Chines hybrid had the least number of cocoon production and number of good cocoon. Other studies identified that using directly of imported hybrids for rearing in different region of Iran will not lead to good results.

According to the results, Chinese hybrid had the lowest value for rearing in Torbat Heydarieh region due to the hybrid has the lowest mean of good cocoon and weight of shell cocoon. Although Iranian hybrids in most of traits had similar performance but this study indicates that 32 × 31 is better for cocoon production in Torbat Heydarieh Region

In order to determine the interference of dominant effects on the estimation of genetic parameters, two models including additive and additive-dominance were used for estimation of genetic parameters of carcass traits in 631 hybrid beef bulls. Data analysis was conducted using Plink (V. 1.9) and GVCBLUP (V. 3.9) softwares. Results of this study showed that most carcass quality traits have high heritability,but two traits namely hot carcass weight and ultrasound ribeye area had low heritability (0.15 and 0.11). Dominance variances have high contribution to the total variation of hot carcass weight, ultrasound ribeye area, ultrasound backfat thickness and ribeye area (0.13, 0.44, 0.89 and 0.33 respectively). However, dominant effect for other traits (lean meat yield, marbling score, backfat thickness, ultrasound ribeye area and grade of carcass) was not observed or was in very low amount. When dominance variance is low, its effect on GBLUP estimates is negligible. The estimates of heritability did not change significantly by the adding dominance effect into the model. The most important genomic regions that affect the carcass quality traits were belong to LAP3, THBS4 and PCDH9 genes. It is suggested that for the better understanding of the genetic structure of traits and better breeding plan, the dominance effects should be added into the model for geneticparameter estimation.

The basis for plant breeding research is genetic variability. In fact, without access to such variety, plant breeders to create and deliver new varieties will not have much success. Mirzaee Nadushan (2001) evaluated different species of mint and its morphologic features. In this study, between different species, a significant difference in terms of characters such as plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf length and width were observed. Horse Mint (Mentha longifolia syn. Mentha sylvestris) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant belong to Lamiaceae family. The aim of this study was to identify areas of distribution, determine the ecological and morphological assessment of various climates and yield valuable medicinal oil is such that it provides a basis for investigating the genetic diversity of germplasm.  In order to study morphological characteristics of Mentha longifolia in 10 regions of Fars and Khorasan Razavi Province, sampling was done at flowering stage in summer 2015. In order to study morphological diversity of wild landraces in Fars and Khorasan Razavi by referring to reliable sources, including Flora Iranica area distribution and habitats of this plant was found in two Provinces. The study area includes five sites in Fars Province (Sepidan, Bavanat, Fasa, Kovar, Kazeroon) and five regions in Khorasan Razavi Province (Torbat Heydarieh, Mashhad, Nishabur, Kashmar and Chenaran). Given that most of the active ingredients of the plant at the time of flowering is reported, plant samples in full bloom in ten regions in Fars and Khorasan were taken. Some samples were selected from each region and 19 quantitative and qualitative characteristics were determined for each ecotype. For accurate identification and diagnosis of morphological Horse mint herbarium specimens were collected and identified samples was done by qualified personnel. For extract the essential oil by water distillation by Clevenger apparatus according to the Pharmacopoeia Great Britain for three hours were done.
The samples based on all the characteristics of using the SPSS software and Ward methods were grouped. All correlation coefficients of traits in populations that were collected were analyzed by Pierson method using SPSS software. Cluster analysis was performed using JMP software. The results showed considerable diversity in terms of morphological characteristics among ecotypes. Most of the side branch was observed in Mashhad and Kashmar populations. Correlation analysis showed significant positive association between some important characteristics. The correlation coefficients showed a positive association between the length of flower and length and width of leaf. Principal components analysis showed that traits like leaf length, width and blade tip were placed in first factor and had the most allotment in describing changes among collected data. Cluster analysis divided the subjects into four distinct groups. Mentha average production efficiency review showed that the highest essential oil yields was in Mashhad sites (1.8) and site of Kashmar (1.8) and the lowest amount of oil from the habitat Chenaran (0.9). Due to the high yields of essentials in samples collected from Mashhad district, it can be considered it is a good place prone to extraction of essential oils among studied areas. The correlation coefficients showed a positive correlation between the length of flower and length and width of leaf. The shortest length of flowering branch inflorescence and the status of being in the seventh factor 46.5% of the change can be justified. The highest essential oil yields in Mashhad (1.8) and site of Kashmar (1.8) and the lowest amount of oil from the habitat Chenaran (0.9) was shown. Finally Mashhad landrace suggested for selection in domestication and cultivation of this plant. The study was sponsored by the University of TorbatHeydarieh which thereby is appreciated

Today, exiting of high relationship and overlap between bioinformatics science and molecular biotechnology, can be play important role in genetic improvement of production traits. Growth trait is one of important production traits in animal husbandry, it affected via several biological pathways. Identification of the biological pathways is available using expression gene profiles and genomic information, and can cause of expand systemic idea about of the complicated procedure and better understand. In the study, collected data information about of gene expression in muscle tissue in two group cow 1 month and 24 month, from data base of Array Express. In first step investigated difference between expression genes using ArrayAnalysis, candidate 2732 genes for identifying biological pathway. Analysis of biological pathway conducted by PathVision software. Results of study gene expression in two group show that in two treatments, 503 gene had increasing in expression and 411 gene had decrease in expression. Study morphophonemic of the genes show that the genes play role in 23 biological pathways, most of the pathways play role in cellular process as growth, proliferation, differentiation, homeostasis and death was scheduled. The results can be lead to identification biological markers candidate for growth trait, that is a positive step forward to improve of procedure of cattle genomic evaluation and selection.

IntroductionDurum wheat (Triticum turgidum var.durum) because of the high protein content compared to other grain products plays a major role in providing the protein needed by humans. Different crop varieties have different performance potential even a figure from region to region does not have the same performance. Nano slow and controlled release fertilizers because of root elements in a good area, have high efficiency. In Iran, 300 to 400 tons of durum wheat annually produced which 60% is recoverable for production of pasta and other domestic needs is imported. Per capita consumption of pasta in the country is 5 kg per year (about one quarter of Europe) and with regard to nutrients such as gluten and beta-carotene in pasta and very low losses, it is necessary to increase the amount of its consumption. For this purpose, the government has taken incentive policies such as higher rates order of durum wheat (about 6%) compared to bread wheat and prizes export to exporters of this product, to increase its production and exports. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of foliar application time of Nano-chelate Super Plus on yield and its components and protein content in durum wheat varieties in Parsabad Moghan area was conducted.
Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted as the form of randomly split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments include the application of Nano-chelate fertilizer Super Plus (Biozar) with a concentration of two per thousand in four levels, (tilling, flowering, seed and control (no application)) as the main factor and cultivars of durum wheat lines operating in 18 level as were minor. Studied traits including plant height, number of tillers and fertile tillers, peduncle length, ear length, number of spikelets, number of seeds per plant, grain weight, straw weight, total seed weight per plant, total plant weight, number of days to heading, days to maturity, grain weight, protein content and seed yield. Each plot area of 2.7 square meters (6 lines with a length of 6 m and 20 cm spacing) and a total area of 6 square meters plot was harvested. The company proposed application of Biozar at the dose of 2 per thousand, according to the desired level, calculated and prepared and was sprayed every step of the treatments in question. At each plot also a sample of 1.5 kg of grain was sent to the laboratory to determine protein content of each sample. Finally, the obtained data collected using the SPSS and MSTAT-C statistical analysis soft wares for analysis of variance, and Interaction between treatments and figures and data clustering was performed and the results were presented.
Results and DiscussionResults showed that the highest grain yield obtained from spray at tilling stage in L16 (2948 kg ha-1) compared to the control group (771.70 kg ha-1) by 228.01%.Comparition of the interaction of means showed that the highest grain yield in the spray at tilling stage L16 (2948 kg ha-1) as compared to the control group (771.70 kg ha-1) 282.01% increase. Results of mean comparisons of the timing of application × figures also showed the highest protein content in line L5 and the spray at tilling stage (12.23 %) as compared to control 23.54% increase .The lowest percentage of protein in the DEHDASHT and spraying at the seed (9.10%) respectively compared to control (9.53%) 4.73% decreased. So, it seems that the use of Nano-chelate Super plus ZFM (zinc, iron, manganese) which contains micro elements, amino acids as nitrogen source and as a powerful antioxidant ascorbic acid can be very effective to increasing yield and its components and also the protein content of durum wheat in dry land.
ConclusionsNano-chelated Super Plus foliar application increased grain yield and yield components of durum wheat. According to the results the most appropriate timing of application of Super Plus for Durum Wheat was at the time of tillering and among the highest protein content and yield showed in the tillering stage to arrange in lines L5 (12.23 %) and L16 (2948 kg) respectively. Repeating this study for few years of research as well as in other areas could also be useful in confirming the results.

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of using humic, bio and nano fertilizers and levels of nitrogen fertilizers in flower yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) at the University of Torbat Heydarieh research farm located in Zaveh in 2014-2015. Treatments consisted of three levels of nitrogen application and use of fertilizer sources as the main factor, including Bioumik, Super Humic, combined Super Humic and Bioumik, Humi Ful, Nitrokara and no fertilizer as sub plots as split plot based on randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Analysis of data showed that the effect of year and fertilizer sources on all traits measured was significant. The effect of nitrogen treatments was significant (at 1%) except on number of flowers, dry style, mean dry weight stigma, and mean dry weight. Fertilizer sources increased all measured traits significantly. Application of Biomic increased petals and sepals dry weight (736.34 g/m2) by 46.78% in comparison with the control (464.19 g/m2). The highest dry weight stigma (524.2 g/m2) was seen in Super Humic Bioumik treatment compared to the control group (443.1 g/m2). Super Humic treatment increased dry weight stigma by 86.49% relative to control. It seems that the use of humic, bio and nano fertilizers has a good effect on saffron performance.

The present study with the purpose to evaluate the effect of bulk and nanosized TiO2 on indicators ofPurple Coneflower germination under drought stress was conducted. The experiment was arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed in medicinal plants laboratory at the University of Torbat Heydarieh. In this experiment first factor was all concentration of TiO2 bulk 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and nanosized TiO2 concentrations 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L and second factors was drought stress from PEG6000 in levels of 0, -3, -6 and -9 bar. The Results showed that application of TiO2 on Coneflower seeds under drought stress had significant effects on root, shoot and seedling length and weight, vigor index I and II and mean germination time. Drought stress did not have negative effect on germination percentage, mean day germination (MDG) and vigor index I and II on Echinacea purpurea until -3 bar stress. The 150 mg/L concentration of TiO2 bulk particles improved shoot, root and seedling length three times more than control. In confronting with drought stress, the 10 mg/L concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles treatment had the least performance in most of the examined indicators and 100 mg/L of bulk and nanoparticles application improved most germination indicators of coneflower.

Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson. is belongs to Lamiaceae family which has been used as antiseptic, anti inflammation , astringent , tonic, antispasmodic, carminative and calming. The current experiment was aimed to comparision of quality and quantities of plant essential oil in different parts of Fars and Khorasan Razavi provinces. The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected from ten natural regions in two provinces during summer 2015 . The essential oils were extracted by using water distillation method and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results were showed that the highest essence efficiency of M. longifolia were reported from Chenaran, Mashhad and Kashmar regions in Khorasan province. The highest of 1,8-cineole (36.47%) and mentole (16.3%) were reported from Fasa region, but pulegon with 45,2-49.5% were obtained from Kuvar and Bavanat region, respectively and finaly the highest of piperiton oxide (18.3%) and piperitenone (55.3%) were reported from Kazerun region in Fars province. So in conclusion, the M.longifolia due to the presence of more variation multiple compounds have significant potential for use in domestication and breeding programs.

The purpose of this study was to genetic and phylogenetic analysis of D-Loop region in Khorasan Razavi native turkey. The blood samples were collected from 20 birds. After DNA extraction, 850 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b was amplified with specific primers. The amplified fragments were sequenced. 10 different heliotypes based on five nucleotide sequences were determined. The final sequence of each haplotype with an approximate length of 723 bp was containing 23.10 % of adenine, 16.04% guanine, 30.71% cytosine and 30.15 % of the thymine. phylogenetic results by UPGM showed that Khorasan Razavi native turkey had a closer relationship with native America, Italy and South Africa turkeys compare other than which may be due to the very close genetic affinity turkey breeds Khorasan Razavi with this turkeys.

The aim of this research was to study two alleles BF2*13، BF2*21 of BF2 gene in Class I MHC in two population at Sistan and Baluchestan Province. MHC is a gene cluster that play regulation role in immune system. Many experiments showed association between the gene cluster and resistance and sensitiveness against different diseases and، also productivity traits. BF2 gene is among associated loci. In the research، blood samples were collected randomly from 72 native chickens (37 Khazak and 35 Dashtiari chickens). After DNA extraction from blood samples with standard kit، the quantitative and quality of DNA were determined by gel agarose 1%. Next stage would be designing appropriate primers for BF2*13 and BF2*21 alleles. Using PCR this alleles were amplified and PCR product observed by gel electrophoresis which were 52bp and 197 bp، respectively. Frequency of samples contain BF2*13 allele in two populations Khazak and Dashtiari observed 75. 6 and 22. 8%، respectively. Also frequencies of samples contain BF2*21 allele in two populations Khazak and Dashtiari were 45. 9 and 34. 2%، respectively. In other hand، in Khazak population that frequency samples contain BF2*13 alleles is high، allele frequency samples contain BF2*21 allele that associated with resistance to Marek disease and in flu and IBD and some productive traits، is relative property، then animal breeders could be use allele frequency of these alleles in breeding programming.

Effective myostatin gene or factor 8 on growth and differentiation operates as an inhibition moderator in growth and development of skeletal muscles. In the resent research، the blood sampling was randomly carried out of 58 Kordi sheep of Northern Khorasan and then the DNA extraction was done by optimized salting-out procedure. A 337 base-pair fragment from exon 3 of Myostatin gene was replicated using a couple of specific primer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It was used of restriction enzymes HaeIII، in order to tracing of different allelic forms of the Myostatin position by PCR-RFLP method. Of three possible genotypes in exon 3 of GDF8، it was observed only two genotypes of Mm and mm that their abundance was 0. 15 and 0. 85، respectively. Allelic frequency for M and m alleles was estimated 0. 08 and 0. 92، respectively. The analysis of linear models with fixed effects of genotype shows that the weight of lamb’s average in 3 and 6 months of heterozygote genotype is higher than the homozygote.

Myostatin gene or growth and differentiation factor-8 inhibits the puberty and development of skeletal muscles and it could change the size of some muscles such as double muscle, if the mutation occurs. One of the most important indigenous sheep in Iran, Lori sheep, possess high genetic potential for meat production. Therefore, the study of some genes affecting meat production would be of utmost important in selection programs. A total of 50 Lori sheep have been randomly selected and blood sampling was done to investigate the polymorphism of Myostatin gene and its relation to some economical traits including birth weight, weaning weight and 6-month lambs weight. Genomic DNA was extracted by the Denazyst kit. DNA quantity and quality was estimated by using espectophotometry and agarose electrophoresis. The specific primers were designed to assess the presence of potential polymorphism and then target area was amplified. After confirmation of 373bp fragment from exon 3 of Myostatin gene on the agarose gel, the genotype determination was performed using restriction enzyme HaeІІІ. The results showed that the Mm and mm genotypes were detected in the samples. The frequency of M and m alleles was 8.75 % and 91.25 %, respectively. No significant relationship was observed between genotypes of Myostatin gene and growth traits, except of the birth weight. In conclusion, the Myostatin locus could not considered as a promising marker for growth traits in Lori sheep.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-1) is a peptide hormone which is similar in molecular structure to insulin and it is located on chromosome 5 in cattle. Since the IGF-1 plays an important role in the growth and development of multiple tissues، the purpose of current study was to identify the IGF-1 gene polymorphism in Sistani beef cattle. A total of 53 Sistani beef cattle (one year) were randomly selected and blood samples were drawn from the cervical vein. DNA was extracted from the whole blood with modified salting-out method. A 249 bp length fragment in exon 1 of IGF-1 gene was amplified by polymorphism chain reaction by using specific primer pairs. Genotyping of each sample was performed by using restriction enzyme SnaBI and electrophoresed on 2% agarose gel. The results revealed the existence of two alleles A and B for the examined locus with the frequencies of 0. 25 and 0. 75، respectively. Three different genotypic variants including AA، AB and BB were identified with genotypic frequencies of 0. 057، 0. 396 and 0. 547، respectively. Chi square test based on observed and expected frequencies of different genotypic variants of the exon 1 of IGF-1 gene in Sistani cattle population showed that deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not significant. Analysis associate of the studied genotypes and growth related traits showed significant effects between AA and AB genotypes (P<0. 05). On the basis of obtained results it was revealed that the IGF-1 gene can be used as a candidate gene for growth related traits in Sistani population.

Sequencing and analysis of the data obtained are best and most common methods in studies of genetic diversity. PIT-1gene is known as growth hormone IGF-1 gene. this gene is a member of family of transcription factors in the poultry is located on chromosome 1, with a length of approximately 14 kb. This gene has seven exons and five introns in poultry. The purpose of this study was analysis region of intron 5 sequence of PIT-1 gene in broiler chickens Arian lines and determining its phylogenetic relationship with other chicken breeds. For this study, blood samples were collected of seven broiler chickens of both sex Arian lines. After extracting DNA from them, target gene was amplified with specific primers and after purification was sequenced. Five different haplotypes were determined based on six single nucleotide polymorphism sequence and the final sequences of each haplotype with length approximate 260 bp which includes 21/92 % adenine, 18/8 % guanine, 32/69 % cytosine and 27/31 % thymine. After ensuring the accuracy of sequencing, submitted to gene bank database (NCBI) with accession number of JQ946630- JQ946636.The phylogenic tree was drawn with consensus sequence of PIT-1 gene of Arian line chicken and other similar sequences of different chicken breeds obtained from gene bank. Results the phylogeny indicated that Arian line chicken and American Chickens are on a lineages

The genetic changes of periodic records of egg production were investigated using Random Regression models. The used data were measured on 2310 birds descended from 46 sires and 618 dams. Of these 2257; 2205; 2102 and 1965 records of egg numbers were collected at 20-32 (1st period), 32-44 (2nd period), 44-56 (3rd period) and 56-68 (4th period) weekly, respectively. In the model analysis all important fixed (such as age and hatch) and random effects (such as direct additive genetic effects and animal permanent environmental effects) were included. Genetic analysis were started with k=2 for both direct additive genetic effects and animal permanent environmental effects; and completed with higher order of fitting up to k=4. Fitting a model with k=3 for the additive genetic effects and k=2 for animal permanent environmental effects was found as the most parsimonious model. Accordingly, the heritability of egg number for period 1, period 2, period 3 and period 4 were estimated to be 0.43, 0.12, 0.16 and 0.11, respectively. The proportion of permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance was increased from 0.38 for 1st period to 0.6 for 4th period. In this study, the genetic correlations across the ages of egg production were estimated. The value of the genetic correlations shows that the ages of egg production represent 4 different traits. Therefore the selection accuracy could be increased when additional records. However, the benefit of using the additional measurements in the breeding program should be investigated.

The important of ostrich breeding have been increased in the Iran as other country around the world. Lack of sexual dimorphism in many species of birds including Ostrich (Struthio camelus), making it difficult to differentiate between males and females, especially in young birds. This can be problematic for breeding programs. Blood samples from randomly chicks in the first days were collected and then DNA was extracted from blood. For sex typing used PCR by OSFES primer that produced a 423 fragment. Our results shown that sex determination using PCR method for chicks in the first days is useful, easy and inexpensive.

The aim of this study is to examine the efficiency of DNA absorption and gene transfusion to chicken hepatoma cells line LMH at both transfection and transduction levels using recombinant lentiviruses. Then transgene expression level was studied.

The cells were cultivated in 96-well plates for viral transfection or transduction and then studied using fluorescent microscope in different stages. Green Fluorescent Protein-positive (GFP) cells counted by Grid Cell Counter software and transgen expression level calculated using ImageJ software. Data analyzed using SPSS.

GFP gene expression began 6 and 9 hours after transfection in HEK and LMH cells, respectively. These times were increased, respectively, to 22 and 36 hours post-transduction. Counting GFP+ cells 48 hours post-transfection showed that HEK and LMH cells have received and expressed 40% and 35% of DNA. These levels increased to 95% and 48% respectively in 72 hours. Also counting HEK+ cells at 72 and 96 hours viral post-transduction confirmed the similar pattern of receiving DNA by both HEK and LMH cells. Therefore, analyzing of GFP expression level showed that HEK and LMH classes expressed GFP in 74% and 89% (P<0.01 significant).

Overall, our results indicated that HEK cells have higher potential to absorption of foreign genes whereas the intensity of expression is higher in LMH cells.