مسعود قاسمی

The problem of lack of motivation among students is a problem that exists everywhere in the world today and those who are working in the field of education are trying to find a solution for it. Among the signs of lack of motivation in students, we can mention leaving things unfinished, refusing to do homework, not trying to solve problems, difficulty in making decisions, waiting for help from others, inattention and anxiety, and many excuses for not doing things.

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of teaching self-regulation learning strategies on academic performance, academic engagement and psychological well-being in students with low achievement motivation.

This research was applied in terms of purpose. The research design was quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical sample of the research included 30 female students of the second year of high school in the 14th district of Tehran province with low achievement motivation who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling.

Based on the findings, teaching self-regulation learning strategies has a significant effect on the components of academic performance, academic engagement and psychological well-being.

Teaching self-regulation learning strategies has a significant difference on academic performance, academic engagement and psychological well-being in students with low achievement motivation compared to the control group.

The aim of study was to the effects of thinking styles on social adjustment of high school students with the Mediating commitment in Identity. This research was applied type and data collection method, it was descriptive of correlation type and path analysis method is causal model. The study population included all second course high school students in Robat Karim in the academic year 1399-1400 and random multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select the sample group. The sample size was 390 students. On the (Berzonsky, 1989) Identity Style Inventory, (Sinha & Singh, 1993) Adjustment Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1997), Thinking Styles Inventory Questionnaire they responded virtually. The collected data were analyzed by path analysis method. The results showed the proposed model fits well with the data. Also, the direct effect of thinking styles on social adjustment are significant. According to the findings, it can be said that the thinking style of the legislator contributes more than the other two styles in predicting social adjustment. Effect   between social adjustment on thinking styles and the mediating role of commitment identity showed, Indirect standard effect as well as their complete standard effect are significant, This means that the variable of commitment identity could mediating role between thinking styles and social adjustment in the students of the study group.

Criminal procedure is the meeting point between the rights of individuals and society, both of which are important and must be protected. In criminal law, there are principles and rules governing the stages of criminal justice implementation and the duties of the officials who do this, and respecting the rights of the accused, the victim, and society, which are called criminal procedure. In the meantime, the legislator has used a special procedure in the field of criminal law based on considerations regarding some crimes and individuals, which is called differential procedure. In this type of proceedings, the main origin of which takes place in special courts, we are often faced with the adoption of two security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches, and since the proceedings in these courts, at first glance, the suspicion of non-compliance with guarantees It brings to mind the proceedings; Determining the status and degree of adherence to the well-known principles of fair and just proceedings, such as the presumption of innocence of the accused, the public nature of the proceedings, the right to have a lawyer, hearing within a reasonable time, the right to appeal, etc., as components of a citizen-centered approach, is essential. It is important and inevitable; Therefore, considering the importance and important role of having a balance between these two approaches and avoiding the adoption of a purely security-oriented approach, which leads to the possibility of neutrality of the judicial system and violation of the defense rights of the accused; In addition to stating the limitations imposed on the well-known principles and guaranteeing the defendants' defense rights, we would like to present, as far as possible, the mechanisms to create balance in the course of differential proceedings in Iran's criminal justice system.

Police officers carry out their operational missions with the weapons provided by the government. As a result of the use of weapons, sometimes accused and innocent people are killed. The purpose of the current research is to explain the murder caused by the fault or negligence of police officers in using weapons. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-analytical method was used to write it by studying the opinions of criminal courts. In most cases, in the case of the agent's fault, the lawgiver has stated the murder as an example of paragraph b, article 290 of the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 and has predicted retribution for the guilty agent. But the officer is armed according to the law, and therefore there should be a difference between the crime caused by the fault of the armed officer and the crime caused by the fault of an ordinary person who is illegally armed. Also, in addition to the negligence of the officers, the negligence of the organization, both in terms of providing the necessary training and in terms of the weapons provided to the officers, should also be taken into consideration. Therefore, one of the required components is the promotion of legalism culture, which should be accepted as an organizational culture in the police force and should be at the forefront of officers' actions in carrying out police missions, including shootings

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy concerning executive functions and academic vitality in academically gifted students via a descriptive-correlational research method and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research included all the academically gifted students of the first secondary school (7th and 8th grades) who were studying in Isfahan gifted schools in the second half of the academic year 2022-2023. 340 individuals were selected as a sample via a convenient sampling technique. The research tools included the Academic Vitality Questionnaire (AVQ) by Hossein Jari and Dehghanizadeh (2011), the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) by Barkley (2011), and the Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale (MJSES) by Morgan-Jinks (1999). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results demonstrated the optimal fit of the research model. Also, the results showed that executive functions have a positive and significant correlation with academic vitality (P < 0.05). Besides, it affects academic vitality directly and indirectly through the mediation of student self-efficacy (P< 0.05). These results indicated that executive functions could, directly and indirectly, explain academic vitality in academically gifted students with the mediation of self-efficacy.

Violence against children and adolescents is one of the topics that is often raised as a violation of human rights. This problem exists globally and especially in underdeveloped countries, and it creates extensive negative consequences not only for its direct victims, but also for family members and communities. Considering this issue, the aim of the current research is to examine the position of the prohibition of domestic violence against children and adolescents in the light of international documents.

The current research is of a theoretical type and has been carried out with a documentary method. The data has been collected in a library form through bibliography and data collection and finally analyzed.

Domestic violence against children and adolescents is significant from two perspectives: one from the perspective of the right to health and the other from the perspective of prohibiting discrimination and not paying attention to the position of children and adolescents in the family. Committing domestic violence against children and teenagers violates examples of fundamental human rights. Fundamental human rights in the literature of international human rights have a mandatory description. Governments are obliged to fight against this phenomenon and take the necessary measures to prevent it from happening, and if it happens, to follow up and punish the perpetrators through legal means.

The Convention has played an effective role in defending children's rights, but it has shortcomings in areas such as weak structural coordination, executive guarantee, theoretical foundations and definitions, and the non-deterrence of declared punishments. In many aspects, the Law on Protection of Children and Adolescents 2019 provides adequate coverage for the obligations arising from the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

this research was to model the academic vitality of academic engagement with the mediation of academic self-efficacy in gifted students of schools of brilliant talents.

The current research method was a correlational description based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all the gifted students of the first secondary school (7th and 8th grade) studying in schools of gifted talents in Isfahan city in the second half of the academic years 2022 - 2023 . The sample was selected by the selection sampling method and finally 340 students were used as a sample for Hossein Chari and Dehghani Zadeh's Academic Vitality Questionnaires (2013), Reeve Academic Engagement Questionnaire (2013) and Morgan-Jinks Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. (1999) answered. were analyzed using structural data analysis in Amos23 software.

Based on the results of this research, the proposed model had a good fit. The results showed that academic engagement has a significant effect on academic vitality both directly and indirectly through academic self-efficacy (P<0.05). And this role becomes more prominent with the mediation of academic self-efficacy. Considering the positive and meaningful relationship between academic engagement and academic vitality and confirming the mediating role of academic self-efficacy, it is suggested in this context. In order to increase the academic vitality of gifted students, while paying attention to the increase in academic conflict, focus on increasing academic self-efficacy in this group. In this context, it is important to empower students as well as extracurricular training sessions focusing on the aforementioned variables.

The present study aimed to model the academic vitality of critical thinking mediated by academic self-efficacy of gifted students of gifted schools. The study employed a correlational-descriptive method using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research statistical population consisted of the gifted students of the lower secondary school (7th and 8th grade) in Isfahan gifted schools in the second semester of the academic year 2022 - 2023. The sample was selected via a convenient sampling method. Finally, 340 students were selected as participants to answer Hossein-Chari and Dehghanizadeh’s Academic Vitality Questionnaire (2013), Rickett's Critical Thinking Disposition Scale (2003), and The Morgan-Jinks Student Efficacy Scale (1999). Data were analyzed using SEM. As the results showed, the proposed model had a good fit to the data. The results demonstrated that critical thinking has a significant and positive effect on academic vitality both directly and indirectly through academic self-efficacy. As a result, to increase the gifted students’ academic vitality, while paying attention to increasing critical thinking skills, focus on increasing their academic self-efficacy.

The dominance of postmodernism in the life of human societies, and the introduction of various variables into people's lives, has led to the complexity of human relationships. One of the important issues in this field is the increase in tension and violence, among which one of the most important instances of violence is domestic violence. Domestic violence has different dimensions and examples, including violence against women, violence against children and adolescents, etc. The present study, which has been conducted through the descriptive-analytical method, will evaluate the criminalization basics of this phenomenon in Iran's legal system and Jaʽfari jurisprudence. The present study shows that despite appearances, some rules such as correction permit of children and adolescents are prohibited in the framework of the ruling jurisprudence-legal system, and all instances of violence against children and adolescents are prohibited, and the existence of special educational-educational rulings does not provide permission for violence against children and adolescents.

The principle of jurisdiction of public courts is considered as one of the basic principles of any legal system. Trial in special courts is an exception in the area of criminal procedure law. Therefore, in this article, considering the importance and important role of the balance between security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches in achieving a just and fair trial, while expressing the limitations imposed on the well-known principles and guaranteeing the defense rights of the accused, to the extent to present the possibility of balancing mechanisms between these approaches during the proceedings of the Revolutionary Court. One of the types of specialized authorities in Iran's criminal law, which was formed with the aim of consolidating and stabilizing the foundations of the system, is the Islamic Revolution Court and since the proceedings in these courts are a specialized court by itself, the suspicion of non-observance of procedural guarantees is raised. The mind takes action; Determining the status and degree of adherence to the well-known principles of fair proceedings, such as observing the principle of public proceedings, the presumption of innocence of the accused, the right to have a lawyer, the right to appeal, etc., during the proceedings of this court, is an important and inevitable matter. Although the Iranian Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 compared to previous laws and under the influence of human rights and humanitarian perspectives, efforts have been made to create a balance between security-oriented and citizen-oriented approaches and pay more attention to the observance of citizen's rights, but there are still signs of adopting the dominant approach there is a security focus in the proceedings of some crimes in this court, which has caused problems and criticisms.

Public proceedings are one of the principles of fair proceedings, the limitations and exceptions of which are of great importance and sensitivity. The nature of these limitations and exceptions are important issues that have received less attention in the shadow of the principle of public proceedings. The purpose of this article is to examine the exceptions of public proceedings in criminal jurisprudence, Iranian criminal law, human rights documents and international criminal law. This article is descriptive and analytical, and the library method is used to investigate the mentioned topic. The findings indicate that in jurisprudence, the acceptance of the principle of public proceedings can be inferred, but there is no mention of its exceptions. In Iranian criminal law, at the discretion of the court and in cases such as children's court, public decency, public order and security, religious or ethnic sentiments, and private lawsuits, if the parties to the lawsuit request, the proceedings are closed. In human rights documents, ethics and public order and national security of governments are exceptions to public proceedings. In the statutes of international criminal courts, issues such as public order or morality and security, protection of witnesses and victims, compliance with the expediency of justice, and protection of documents and information are exceptions to public proceedings. Although in international documents, these exceptions are stated in a general way, but the general and non-transparent statement of these exceptions in the domestic laws of countries, including Iran, cannot be defended.

In this study, ethnobotanical data and in vitro conservation of Zataria multiflora Boiss. were investigated. By visiting the plant natural habitats in Fars, Isfahan, and Hormozgan Provinces, it was found that Z. multiflora is locally known as ‘Avishan-e-Shirazi’, ‘Avishan-e-Barg Pahn’, and ‘Avesham’ and used to treat human and animal diseases. Zataria multiflora habitats are being severely destroyed due to the plant materials over-collection from nature for many medicinal in the recent years. So, conservation of this valuable species is necessary. In this study, the indirect plant micropropagation was studied. Induced calli from the seedling were transferred to the Gamborg (B5) medium containing 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) (0.1, 1.5 and 0.2 mg/l) with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (0.1 and 0.5 mg/l) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.1 and 0.5 mg/l). The highest shoot-forming capacity (13.8) was obtained in the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA. The maximum root-forming capacity (6.8) was found in the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized (75%). The results can be used to protect germplasm, supply seedlings, and restore the plant habitats.

Ethics plays an important role in the field of criminal law, including the principles of criminal responsibility. One of the most important types of crimes is crimes with absolute responsibility, which are also accepted in the criminal policy systems of Iran and the United Kingdom. The dimensions and scope of these crimes in these two penal systems are different from each other, so that in the Iranian penal system is accepted only for some economic crimes and corruption, while in the British penal system the scope of crimes with absolute responsibility to crimes is accepted. Contrary to chastity, it has expanded. The main question in this article is done by descriptive-analytical method, is what are the ethical foundations of the criminal policy of Iran and the United Kingdom in determining crimes with absolute responsibility?

The result of the present study is that the ethical principles in Iranian criminal policy based on general jurisprudential rules are harmless, practical rule, the rule of property is void, etc., while in British criminal policy based on principles such as the principle of expediency, it can be evaluated.

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a type of neurobehavioral disorder that is often associated with anxiety disorders and harms a person's performance in many areas, including academic performance, attention and concentration, and social communication. Studies have shown the role of some computer games in improving attention, processing and classifying information. The present study investigates the effectiveness of a computer training program on the anxiety of students with ADHD.

This study had a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. A sample of 30 primary school students with ADHD was selected in Tehran (2021-2022). They were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people (experimental and control groups). Both groups performed a pre-tested, and the experimental group underwent 24 sessions of 60 minutes for three months under the intervention of a computer training program, and then for further investigation and follow-up, a follow-up test was conducted three months later for the experimental and control group. The data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of variance.

The results showed that the computer training program had a positive effect on reducing the level of anxiety of students, and it was statistically significant (p˂0.001).

According to the data, the anxiety in the in the post-test and follow-up of the experimental group had a downward trend, and the average level of total anxiety of the experimental group has decreased compared to the control group.

The application of a set of non-criminal measures is called crime prevention. In this regard, this application ruins the intention of crime and criminal and in a way, increases the cost of committing a crime and ultimately leads to the potential criminal's withdrawal from committing a crime. One of the crimes that increases during natural disasters and crises is theft. Therefore, in order to deal with it and re-establish social, economic security and peace of mind of the victims, crime prevention measures should be taken into consideration. This article aims to examine and provide preventive measures for the crime of theft in natural disasters and crises. This study is one of applied research in terms of purpose and nature, and its research method is Delphi and qualitative interview method. Furthermore, the data collection tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire, and its statistical population is a number of experts, elites, lawyers, etc., who have been evaluated. Situational crime prevention usually manifests itself through breaking one of the links in the chain of causes and events that can be neutralized and causes the crime to occur. The cost of situational prevention is much lower than the criminal punishment of criminals, and reducing the opportunity can be useful in deterring criminals from crime and fear. This kind of prevention includes a wide range of activities and measures to deal with theft. Eliminating ideal situations for the occurrence of crime, predicting safe places to store important and relief items, increasing checkpoints at the entrance and exit of crisis-hit cities, using electronic equipment for control and monitoring in accident-affected areas, etc. are effective during natural disasters and crises in the prevention of theft.

Generalized anxiety disorder has many negative consequences, including reduced resilience. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effectiveness of assertiveness training program on the resilience and clinical symptoms of students with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students aged 16 to 18 in the second-high school of Karaj city in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them number of 50 people of them were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 25 including experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes under the assertiveness training program and during this time the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams and Lowe, 2006) and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups have significantly different in terms of the variables of resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. In the other words, the assertiveness training program led to increase resilience (F-41.25, P<0.001) and reduce clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (F-28.34, P<0.001) in students.

The results indicated the effectiveness of the assertiveness training program on resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the assertiveness training program along with other training methods and programs to increase resilience and reduce the clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Social adjustment is about an individual's ability to display competent social behavior and adapt to their immediate social setting. Metacognition refers to an individual's beliefs about their cognition and involves monitoring, controlling, and interpreting their thoughts. A thinking style is a characteristic way of processing information, including how one obtains knowledge, organizes thoughts, and forms views and opinions. Commitment is the extent to which individuals adhere to and invest in identity–relevant choices. This study aimed to analyze the social adjustment of second–grade high school boys based on their metacognitive beliefs and thinking styles, focusing on commitment as a mediator. Data was analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The current study was analytical research, and correlative was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population included all second–grade high school boys’ students in Robat Karim of Tehran province in the 2020–21 academic year. Due to the situation caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuation, the questionnaires were distributed virtually and through a link in the class groups of selected students after obtaining various permits. A random multi–stage cluster sampling method was used to select the sample group. The sample size was 390 students who responded in the online form to the Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS) (Sinha & Singh, 1993), Function Dimension of Thinking Styles Inventory (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992), Meta–Cognitions Questionnaire–Adolescent (MCQ–A) (Cartwright–Hatton et al., 2004) and Identity dimension of Identity Style Inventory (ISI) (Brzonsky, 1992). In order to analyze the collected data, SPSS version 24 software was used to check descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient and AMOS version 24 was used for the structural equation model. The significance level was 0.05.

Results showed that the direct effect of metacognitive beliefs on social adjustment was insignificant (β=–0.105, p=0.256). However, this relationship was significantly seen when the dimension of commitment in identity in identity was used as a mediator in the model (β=0.351, p=0.001). The direct effect of the three functions of thinking style on social adjustment was insignificant (β=0.110, p=0.285). However, three functions of thinking style had significant indirect effects on social adjustment when the dimension of commitment in identity was used as a mediator in the model (β=0.172, p=0.035). The estimated values for fit indices were RMSEA=0.030, CFI=0.96, IFI=0.91, NFI=0.96, GFI=0.96 and CMIN/df=1.91, which the model's fitness confirmed.

According to the results, boys' thinking styles, metacognitive beliefs, and commitment to identity play important roles in their social adjustment. The commitment to identity acts as a mediator in all these relationships.

Autism Spectrum‌ Disorder‌ (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. The ability to communicate verbally is considered a positive prognostic indicator of outcomes for children with ASDs. One of the major problems in autism is the sensory processing deficit, and in particular the abnormalities of auditory processing. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the correlation between auditory processing ability and verbal output of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present analytical descriptive correlation study was conducted in 2018. The statistical population of the research was children with autism aged 4 to 7 years from speech therapy centers in Tehran, and 40 qualified volunteers were included in the study. To collect related data, the following standard tests were used: the childhood autism rating scale for screening and diagnosing children with autism from the age group of two years and older which had 15 items, and Fisher's auditory problems checklist with 25 items. The collected data were analyzed using the Poisson regression test.

The results of the present study indicated that there was a correlation between auditory processing ability and verbal output of children with autism spectrum disorder who participated in this study (p=0.46). Moreover, considering different levels of auditory processing, between auditory processing ability and output Verbal correlation was observed only at the level of high auditory processing ability (p=0.43). [

The results of this study showed that the ability of auditory processing was an important factor for development of verbal output in children with ASD. Early screening and intervention of auditory processing impairments in these children can facilitate the rehabilitation programs.

Cyberspace or cyberspace is a term that has been considered by criminologists and jurists in recent years, and at the same time with the creation of this space, crimes occur in it and using it. The legal fight against these crimes required the elimination of several important steps: First, the criminalization of criminal behavior, of course, criminalization without the invention and achievement of criminal responsibility is considered more or less incomplete, which is why the Iranian legislature in the Computer Crime Law on criminal responsibility Legal entities have emphasized and criminalized these individuals for the first time in Iranian law, so the issue of criminal liability and its scope in cybercrime law is of paramount importance, there are likely to be many questions related to the scope of liability. Individuals to be expressed in cyberspace, the Iranian legislature has dedicated the sixth chapter of the Cybercrime Law to the issue of criminal liability, and the change in the said law has led to the discovery and invention of criminal liability for legal entities in cyberspace.

Food has a wide impact on society and is directly related to human health. Ensuring health and food security has long been one of the most important tasks of governments and food production and supply has always been considered as one of the strategic plans of governments. There are several ways governments can protect this right. One of these measures is the criminal protection of the right to food and the criminalization of related threatening behaviors. The purpose of writing this study is to identify the types of criminal protection of the right to food through punishment and sentencing. In the Iranian legal system, the legislature seeks criminal protection for the most important right-to-food threats by criminalizing this right, while criminalizations and criminal responses have been made to protect the right to food in the context of targeting criminal policy. It has not been comprehensive and has not led to the creation of a legal cover to fully support all aspects of the right to food.

The third era of cybercrime has dominated since the early 1990s and is referred to as "cybercrime". The cyberspace defined by the Council of Europe as a combination of computers, modems and telecommunications, a simulation and virtual feature, was a completely new environment that attracted everyone's attention.The most recent international convention in the field of cybercrime has also used the same title "cybercrime".What it separates them from previous generations is the lack of connection between the commission of a crime and being a criminal at the sceneIt is the result of the crime that this has somehow complicated the crime. Nowadays, the legal field in dealing with the issue of cybercrime has been slowing down. scene Space enters willingly or unwillingly. This article examines the causes, nature and characteristics of cyberspace by examining these cases. Changes and developments have been written, so it has an innovative feature

Being an environmental guard is the principle that, in addition to the law, should be invoked in the implementation, and depending on the conditions defined for it, he allowed actions such as carrying and using weapons to this group of community jobs. The purpose of the current research is to examine the status of environmental guards as special law enforcement officers. This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles. As a result, the environmentalists working in environmental protection are given permission to carry weapons based on the type of mission. According to Article 15 of the Environmental Protection and Improvement Law, environmental guards are considered to be bailiffs if they have been trained in the duties of law enforcement officers in a special class under the supervision of the prosecutor.

The aim of this study was to determine the fit of structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in young girls.

The present study was correlational and path analysis. The statistical population of the present study included all male and female graduate students of Tehran universities who were studying in the academic year of 2019-20, were selected by cluster sampling; And the Questionnaire of the Importance of Moral Identity for Self (Aquino and Reed, 2002), the Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (Guardia et al., 2000), the Academic Dishonesty Scale (Kabi et al., 1997), the Emotional Self-Awareness Questionnaire (Grant et al., 2002), The Cognitive and Self-Behavioral Scale (Cunningham, 2007) responded. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method by Amos software.

Findings showed that the structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on the basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in young people has a good fit (RMSEA= 0.07, GFI= 0.90). There was a significant negative relationship between moral identity and self-defeating behaviors (P<0.01, r= -0.20). Self-awareness has an indirect effect on self-defeating behavior mediated by guilt (P<0.01).

It can be concluded that the structural model of self-defeating behaviors based on the basic psychological needs, moral identity and emotional self-awareness in students has a good fit.