مصطفی آریان کیا

Ziarat tourist, due to its cool and moderate climate, unique landscapes, beautiful forests, excellent tourism and recreational facilities, and its close proximity to Gorgan city, offers fascinating ecological landscapes and various cultural, historical, and socio-economic attractions. This village is considered one of the significant natural-historical and tourist areas of Gorgan city. The aim of the current research is to investigate and determine the tourist attractions located in Ziarat in order to develop strategic plans and enhance tourism. The research approach is of an applied-developmental nature, and the method of investigation is descriptive-analytical. To gather the required information, a combination of library research and fieldwork (questionnaire) methods has been utilized. For data analysis and testing the research variables, SPSS statistical software has been used alongside t-tests, and the Amos software has been employed for structural equation modeling. The results of the t-test indicate that the historical-architectural index possesses a higher level, while the infrastructure index has a lower level compared to other tourism indices. The results of the structural equation modeling (Amos) indicate that the environmental attractions dimension has the highest factor loading of 0.90, followed by the cultural attractions dimension, and then the physical-historical attractions dimension. The infrastructure dimension has played the most significant role in explaining the tourist attractions' appeal to residents and experts in Ziarat.

The growth of urban population and urbanization before the process of urban planning, along with problems and problems such as migration to cities and the subsequent uneven distribution of population, informal settlements, lack of urban per capita, etc., have caused the quality of livability of Iranian cities to decline. The city of Gorgan is no exception to this. This city is due to its special geographical location and suitable natural condition, the political-administrative and economic centrality of the region and province, its ability to immigrate, the type of residence and house building of numerous social groups in the city, the ethnic diversity and culture of different ethnic groups together, has caused that in the city Gorgan has a different and unique look and texture from the human settlements in this city. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and evaluate the livability of the three regions of Gorgan City based on the physical-spatial index. According to its nature, the present research is practical in terms of descriptive-analytical method by using a combination of quantitative models. The required data were obtained from the method of library studies, observation, and field technique (researcher-made questionnaire) in the form of 6 indicators including facilities and infrastructure, open and public spaces, landscape, transportation, pollution, housing quality, and 24 items. Is. To analyze the data from SPSS software, t-tests to check the measurement of the difference between the average of the research sample (theoretical average) and the average of the population; ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) to examine the difference in the average dimensions of the six variables of the research index among the studied areas; From the multivariate regression test to investigate the influence of each of the variables of the physical index of livability in evaluating the livability of the studied areas; And finally, Friedman's test was used to rank and evaluate the effect of each of the physical-spatial index variables on the livability status and prioritize the variables. The results obtained from the t-test show that in terms of physical livability, Area One of Gorgan City is in a completely favorable and normal condition, Area Three is in an average condition, and Area Two is in a weaker condition than other areas. The results of the ANOVA test show that the conditions and status of the physical variables are not the same in all three regions and a significant difference can be seen among the three studied regions. The regression results indicate the impact of the research variables and the results of the Friedman test also showed that the housing variable ranks first and the pollution variable ranks last in the impact on the physical-spatial livability index in the city of Gorgan. Therefore, due to the existence of cultural and ethnic diversity as well as different living conditions; Different livability can be seen in terms of physical-spatial indicators at the level of regions and localities of Gorgan city. In the end, to achieve the goals of the research, strategies, and solutions have been presented in the form of research proposals.

The Makran coast located in the south of Iran is one of the strategically significant coastal areas in Southwest Asia. It holds considerable importance not only for Iran, but also for neighboring countries, as well as for major powers such as China, Russia, and European countries. But unfortunately, insufficient attention has been paid to the issue of land preparation and sustainable development in this region. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and assess the potential of establishing coastal-port cities in the southern coastal region of Iran (Makran region) from the perspective of spatial planning and sustainable development. To address the research question, 8 indicators were utilized, including temperature, distance from roads, precipitation levels, distance from geological faults, distance from human settlements, height, distance from flood risk zone, land use for zoning and urban settlement from the perspective of sustainable development, analyzed through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. ArcGIS software was used for the analysis. The results of the research show that, in general, the western part of the studied area has more stability and potential than the east for the establishment and development of coastal cities, demonstrating relatively good to excellent stability.. The results of this research can contribute to the sustainable development of Makran coasts, the optimal urban settlement, and also help local governments to progress towards sustainable development in coastal-port cities.

One of the most important fields of study in the current political and human knowledge of the country is the study and research of what, how and why the Islamic-Iranian model of progress. The emphasis of the leadership is also based on drawing the desired vision of the Islamic revolution and the ways to realize it in the priorities of the development plan of the Islamic-Iranian model of the development of the Islamic Republic. Based on this, the current research with a practical purpose evaluates the Islamic-Iranian model of progress based on the opinion of elites using the SWAT technique. The type of research is applied-comparative and the research method is content analysis based on library and documentary information. In order to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats through a questionnaire, the SWOT technique was used, as well as to determine the scenarios and mechanisms for updating the planning of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, the scenario technique was used. The results of the research related to the SWAT model indicate the choice of an aggressive strategy in the direction of action. Therefore, in order to develop offensive strategies, the focus should be on internal strengths and external opportunities, and strengths should be placed next to the factors of opportunities. Also, in relation to the topic of the research, four scenarios have been presented in relation to updating and adapting the Islamic-Iranian model of progress according to the current conditions of the country.

Introduction Following the expansion of urbanization and the high speed of changes in urban contexts for various reasons, the quality of the residential environment in urban areas has severely degraded. Therefore, today one of the goals of urban planning is to achieve the highest quality of the urban environment and the satisfaction of citizens in different dimensions. Meanwhile, the use of housing, as the most important and main urban use, has played a decisive role in the formation of cities. Paying attention to the sustainability of the housing sector as the most important urban element in sustainable urban development is known as one of its most fundamental aspects. Today, housing, as a living space, deals with various human needs at different levels, and due to its economic nature, it is considered one of the main categories of urban and rural society. Housing is one of the most sensitive and essential sectors in economic and social development planning. Any change in one of the economic, social, or political components affects housing developments. Based on this, creating stability in housing planning in line with sustainable urban development is an important step in reducing current instabilities. In this regard, considering the role and place of strategic planning in the development of housing and improving the function of living in urban areas, the current research is trying to determine the strategies of housing development and the improvement and functionality of residence in the 7th district of Tehran.
Materials and MethodsThe current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The method of collecting information is based on documentary studies, library, and field methods. The data and information analysis method of the present study uses descriptive, analytical, and prescriptive statistical methods. The analysis method for data processing, ranking, and leveling of quantitative indicators and functional indicators of residence included EXCELL and GIS software, to calculate indicators and identify the target neighborhood of planning, and the analytical of the SWOT model has been used to obtain the weak and strong points and to identify the opportunities and threats of the neighborhood. The indicators used in the current research include the housing quantitative index and residential function indicators.FindingsThe results of the analysis of housing indicators and housing function in the neighborhoods of district 7 showed that the largest residential area belongs to the Shahid neighborhoods and the smallest to the Nizam-Abad and Amjadiyeh-Khaghani. The greatest shortage of residential units belongs to neighborhoods and the fewest shortage of residential units belongs to the Bahar neighborhood. The highest number of fine textiles is in Shahid neighborhood and the fewest belong to the Nilufar-Shahid Ghandi neighborhood and the fewest  residential units are in Nizam-Abad neighborhood. The largest number of households is in Shahid neighborhood and the lowest number is in Amjadiyeh-Khaghani. The highest number of residential units is in Nilufar-Shahid Qandi neighborhood and the lowest number is in Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk, the highest intensity of residential use is in Shahid, Khwaja Nizam and Al-Maluk and Armenians neighborhoods, and the lowest number to Majidiyeh-Dabastan, the highest number of gross residential density in the neighborhood of Khwaja Nizam al-Maluk and Armenians, and the lowest number to Nilofar-Shahid Qandi neighborhood, the highest amount of imperviousness to the neighborhood of Khwaja Nizam al-Maluk, the highest amount of coarse texture in the neighborhood Abbas-Abad-Andisheh and the lowest amount belongs to Dehghan-Gorgan neighborhood, the highest number of unstable housing belongs to Nilofar-Shahid Qandi neighborhood and the lowest number to Bahar neighborhood, the most worn-out fabric belongs to Shahid neighborhood and the least belongs to Nilofar-Shahid Qandi neighborhood. Also, the results showed that none of the localities in the region are at a suitable level in terms of residential function indicators, except in a few cases. In relation to the urban per capita, Khawaja Nizam al-Mulk neighborhood has the highest per capita and Kaj neighborhood has the lowest urban per capita, in relation to the health services per capita, mjadiyeh-Khaghani neighborhood has the highest, and Armenian neighborhood has the lowest urban per capita, in relation to the commercial use per capita of Nilufar-Shahid neighborhood. Kandi has the highest per capita population and the Armenian neighborhood has the lowest per capita, Amjadiyeh-Khaghani neighborhood has the highest health per capita, and the Armenian neighborhood, Majidieh-Debastan, Qasr-Hashmatieh has the lowest per capita, Sohrvardi-Bagh Saba neighborhood has the highest green space per capita and Bahar neighborhood has the lowest per capita. Abbas-Abad-Andisheh neighborhood has the highest transportation and parking usage per capita and Armenian neighborhood has the lowest per capita compared to other neighborhoods. Based on this, it can be concluded that the eastern parts of the region have less urban population. The results of the ranking and stratification of the neighborhoods in terms of housing indicators and the function of the residence showed that the Armenian neighborhood is in a state of disarray.
ConclusionIn the current research, an attempt was made to investigate and measure the stability of housing at the neighborhood level by using quantitative indicators and the function of housing occupancy in District 7 of Tehran municipality and the Armenian neighborhood. The results of the research findings in connection with the investigation of the quantitative indicators of the housing of the Armenian neighborhood among the neighborhoods of District 7 showed that the Armenian neighborhood is at a high level in terms of residential area and ranks 3rd, in terms of residential per capita, it is ranked 9th. In terms of gross residential density, it ranks 2nd, in terms of the total number of residential units, in 3rd rank, in terms of the number of households, in 3rd rank, in terms of the intensity of residential use, in 1st rank, in terms of the lack of residential units in 11th rank, in terms of the number of residential units in Rank 4, in terms of density of people in a residential unit in rank 9, in terms of the number of fine-grained tissue in rank 2, in terms of the number of coarse-grained tissue in rank 10, in terms of the number of unstable housing in rank 3, in terms of impermeability with zero impermeability in the 12th place, it is in the 14th place in terms of the number of vacant buildings compared to other districts of District 7. Also, the results obtained from the examination of the indicators of the residential function of the districts of District 7, the Armenian neighborhood ranks 5th in terms of the urban population, 10th in terms of religion per capita, 6th in terms of green space per capita, and 14th in terms of medical services per capita. In terms of per capita education, it ranks 14th, in terms of sports, it ranks 14th, in terms of transportation and parking, it ranks 13th, in terms of business, it ranks 14th, in terms of health, it ranks 12th, and in terms of culture, it ranks 8th, compared to other localities in the District 7, it is located. The results of Electra’s multi-criteria weighting model consisting of housing and housing function indicators show that this neighborhood has a predominance (zero) with a weight of (0.111912) that unfavorable indicators related to housing function such as religious use, sports, transportation, parking, green space, and commercial use, which has an abysmal rating, as well as the instability of housing, the impermeability of the residential fabric, and severe wear and tear in this neighborhood have caused it.

Identifying, revitalizing and protecting valuable rural historical context is important for preserving cultural and historical heritage, and in addition to preserving its form and shape, it will also preserve a set of local beliefs and values. Therefore, the correct recognition and classification of different types of architecture can be useful in better understanding the space, and its protection and also achieving new design methods. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to examine and typology of historical houses in the village of Upper Saif Abad (Old) from the perspective of the typology of historical houses according to architectural, historical and housing planning indicators (physical, qualitative), a little,) is. The research method is applied research and descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the desired information, two library and field methods have been used. The results of the research show that, in terms of the history of living in the village and its surroundings, 5 historical periods; According to the plan of village houses: 4 types; 6 different types of ledges, 2 different types of water basins, in connection with the roofs of the village houses, 3 different types of ledges including: 1- chevron arch, 2- circular dome arch and 3- Chamle arch (water storage) have been identified in the village. The materials used in the construction of the historical houses of the village include brick or Chinese stone with a wooden or mud roof, stone, plaster and cement.

The tourism axis of the historical context of the old Saif Abad village due to its potential natural features and capabilities, climatic features, interesting ecological perspectives and various cultural and economic-livelihood attractions as one of the important natural-historical and tourism areas of Kazeroon city. it counts. The aforementioned environmental capabilities have made this region have the necessary capacities for any kind of planning, especially in various tourism sectors, and have created employment and improved the level of income generation of the natives of this village. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and determine the tourist attractions of the old Saifabad village in order to formulate strategic plans for the development and promotion of tourism in the target village. The approach governing the current research is applied-developmental and its investigation method is descriptive-analytical. Library and field method (questionnaire) has been used to collect the required information. In order to analyze the questionnaire data and test the research variables, SPSS statistical software, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests as well as SWOT technique were used. The results of Pearson's test show a significant relationship at the 99% confidence level of correlation between the research variables and confirm the significant relationship between the increase in tourism development and the promotion of tourism in Saifabad village. The results of the regression test also show the influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable of the research according to the beta rate and test statistic of the variables and the significance level of these variables. The results of the SWAT model also indicate the choice of a competitive strategy in relation to the state of tourism development in the target village.

Organizing urban furniture as one of the most important elements of the urban environment, has a significant contribution to the desirability and pleasantness of the space from the citizens' point of view, and the lack of planning or incomplete planning in the field of urban furniture contributes to the inefficiency of these elements. Accordingly, considering the importance and role of urban furniture in the urban landscape and also the impact it has on the lives of city residents, the present study evaluates the design and location of urban furniture elements and variables in the city and the situation of Gorgan in terms of furniture. Urban has been examined. The present research is an applied research based on the purpose of the study and is analytical-descriptive in terms of research method. Two field methods and documentary studies have been used to collect information on the current situation. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, Spss, Excel software and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test and also for spatial analysis of urban furniture elements in Gorgan and preparing a map, Arc GIS software was used. The results obtained from the research show that in designing and manufacturing city furniture, standard principles and attention to local culture have not been observed. Also, in examining the location of urban furniture elements, no special attention has been paid to the selection and location of urban furniture components and the necessary standards have not been observed and it is not functionally in a favorable condition.

Today, development is a concern of many countries with the aim of improving the quality of human life. In order to achieve the desired development pattern or the correct use of resources and opportunities and the fair distribution of facilities, people's participation is the main and pivotal strategy. Accordingly, the present study examines and evaluates the feasibility of indicators of active public participation in line with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress.

The type of applied-comparative research and research method is content analysis and library and field information methods have been used in conducting research. In the field method, a questionnaire technique was used to collect information. The statistical population of the study includes 50 elites and available experts. SPSS statistical software and one-sample t-test and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the questionnaire data and also the SWOT strategic model was used to determine strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

The results of t-test showed that there is a significant relationship between the independent variables studied in the present study and the feasibility of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress. Therefore, the studied independent variables affect the feasibility of the model. Also, the results of Kruskal-Wallis test have shown that the tendency of people to participate in relation to the indicators and variables measured in order to achieve the model is in a favorable position. The results of the SWOT model in relation to the status of the pattern as well as the scoring of the relevant factors indicate the choice of offensive strategy in the direction of action.

The developments of recent decades have caused the new facilities of today's cities to be unable to provide peace and security to citizens as in the past. This issue has become a social anomaly and along with it, criminal behaviors have occurred in the world's urban housing system. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective components on residents' sense of satisfaction with the social security of Gorgan settlements. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its statistical population is households living in residential complexes in Gorgan and the sample size is 200 households. The required information has been used through documentary studies and field surveys using a questionnaire. SPSS statistical software and Pearson correlation and one-sample t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results show that there is a direct and positive relationship between the feeling of satisfaction of the residents of residential complexes with the appropriate lighting components of the environment and the physical texture of the building. Lighting of passages and passages around the building and where people live at night creates peace and a sense of security in the movement of children and women. It also reduces stress and anxiety in people when walking on foot at night. Housing aristocracy is another component that is directly related to creating a sense of security among residents. Other effective components in creating a sense of security among urban dwellers include the occurrence of crime in the place of residence, neighborhood relations and environmental variables.

The presented study aims to evaluate and analyze the urban housing indicators with an emphasis on the typology of housing and it examines the residential units in Gorgan’s regions in terms of accessibility to the facilities, physical, qualitative and quantitative characteristics, and satisfaction of housing architecture indicators. The purpose of this research is Practical-development, and in order to achieve this goal, a combination of descriptive, analytical and correlation researches are used. The statistical population of the research is Gorgan and the sample size is 384 cases. SPSS and GIS software used to analyze the data.IntroductionWith global demographic changes, cities have increasingly felt the need of housing. Residence is the most important need of people and the largest space of the city must have dedicated to work out this most basic need. In small cities, more than 60% and in large cities, about 40% of the city covered by the residential usage. The economic and social importance of housing, on the one hand, and the employment and its relationship with many other sectors of the economy as an appropriate tool for the realization of economic policies in the other hand, has placed this sector at the center of public attention. cognition and proper categorization of different architectural types can be helpful in better understanding of the space, protecting it, and achieving new design techniques. The current research on the general framework of its primary and secondary goals, studies the housing estates of Gorgan city from the point of view of housing typology according to the indicators of housing planning in the triple urban areas.MethodologyThe purpose of this research is Practical-development, and in order to achieve this goal, a combination of descriptive, analytical and correlation researches are used. In order to collect information about the field studies and documentary studies used and in the field studies method, a researcher-made questionnaire developed. The statistical population of the study consists of 53462 residential units in and the sample size will be 384 residential units based on Cochran's formula distributed by multistage randomized sampling method. Reliability of the questionnaires equals 0.82 using Cronbach's alpha test. Data analyzed by using SPSS software, Excel software and Arc GIS software used to prepare the map.Results and discussionIn the section of describing the demographic data, 53/6% of the total sample population is male and 46/4% is women. The variation of household density in the whole community of the sample, based on the number of the family members, indicates that the families with the population of four with 33.06 percent constitute the largest proportion of the total population of the sample. In the study of the index of the number of residential units, the largest share with 26% belongs to a residential building with 6 to 8 residential units. The highest level of infrastructure in the triple areas is for buildings of 50 to 100 square meters. In first area with (46/35%), in the second area with (49/64%) and in second third area with (50/42%) However, the least abundance in first area belongs to buildings with an area of over 300 square meters with 2/43 percent, in the second and third district, buildings with an area of less than 50 square meters contain 3.0 percent and 3/36 percent, respectively. In studying the results of the land price index, the highest land prices with 30/67% belongs to the group of 1 to 1.5 million tomans and the lowest share with 9/33% is for the lands with a value above 2 million tomans. The results of the type of materials index shows that the largest share belongs to residential buildings with brick materials (33/34%) and in the study of residential buildings life index, the largest share belongs to buildings with a lifetime of 1 to 10 years (51/2%) and the lowest proportion of residential buildings over 20 years old (19/74%). The result of the tests, made on the regions, indicates that among the five variables of typology, in the first region, physical variable with a beta coefficient of 0/657 in the first stage, and quantitative variable with a beta coefficient of 0/341 in the second stage, In the second region qualitative variables with a beta coefficient of 0/409 in the first stage and the physical variable with a beta coefficient of 0/238 in the second step and in the third region, physical variable with a beta coefficient of 0/623 in the first stage and the access variable with a beta coefficient of 0/325 were verified and other variables of the typology were eliminate from the equation.ConclusionBased on the results, the most difference and diversity of housing in terms of typology is in the second district of Gorgan and the least is in the first urban area. Due to the wide variety of indices and components of housing in the second region, the variability of the population in this region, the obvious different level of economic activities of the people who live in this region, and the high percentage of immigrants in this area along with other indigenous inhabitants of the region. The first region due to its location in the best part of the city and the so-called top-notch region of the area, which shows the economic prosperity of people living in this area and the close cultural-social level of the inhabitants of the region, As well as the much like similarity between the residential buildings of the area with each other with a slight difference, the same access to all the facilities of the city has made the region the least diverse in terms of indicators and components of the typology of the housing. Region 3, as it is seen, has a moderate rank in terms of variety and distinction of typology, which can be attributed to the close proximity of the immigrant and indigenous peoples of this region in terms of social, economic and cultural which are reflected by the housing structures and Specifications of housing qualities and qualities.

This study, focused on the elements and indicators of urban environment instability as a major component of quality life and sustainable urban development, investigates the levels of urban areas of Alborz Province in terms of utility and development of environmental indicators. The research method is descriptive–analytic and the approach used in the study is applied in nature. The population consists of cities in Alborz province which is selected to evaluate the condition of its urban residence in terms of having environmental indicators. The required data were collected using the documentary (library) method based on the latest data released by the Statistical Center of Iran and statistical yearbook of Alborz Province. Data analysis was conducted using SAW model and Shannon Entropy method was used to weigh the indicators Protecting the environment and moving towards sustainable development are largely focused by politicians and decision- makers. The environment consists of natural and man-made elements spanning in biological geography. These elements include physical, biological, social, economic and aesthetic factors that affect members of a society. Based on the results obtained from data analysis, cities of Karaj (0.63953), Savejbolaq (0.48978) and Nazar Abad (0.22405) are ranked first to third, respectively, Ishtehard (0.20817) is ranked fourth and finally Taleqan (0.1656) is ranked last. In conclusion, the study findings reveals that city managers, citizens and human beings, as a whole, are responsible to protect the urban environment and prevent different types of pollution and environmental pollutants in the context of cities in order to maintain a stable and sustainable urban ecosystem because inattention to natural context of cities may lead to irreversible consequences on human life and the urban life is increasingly affected by such negative impacts.

Upon falling into oblivion of Iranian style of architecture in contemporary housing projects, aspects of the Islamic concept of architecture is absent from Iranian modern houses. Construction of buildings is now far from the traditional Iranian architectural style that once entailed rich Iranian-Islamic culture. This paper intends to study and analyze houses in the historical fabric of Gorgan, the capital city of Golestan Province, Iran, based on Iranian-Islamic architectural style and the influence Iranian architecture has received from the developments in modern architecture. The research method is applied-comparative and the study is interpretive-historical in nature. The statistical population consists of residential houses situated in the historical fabric of Gorgan and the ideal sample size has been calculated based on the Cochran formula 322. Questionnaires have been distributed based on simple technique of random sampling. SPSS, Excel, the One Sample t Test and the Pearson correlation coefficient have been used for data analysis. The results of Pearson test indicate “overlooking” with a coefficient of 0.357, “comfort” with a coefficient of 0.483, “privacy” with a coefficient of 0.297 and the “security of commuting for women and children” with a coefficient of 0.142 in the state of living of the settlers of houses situated in the historical fabric of the city of Gorgan, showing a meaningful and direct relation. Also, the results of One Sample t Test indicate there is a 95 percent meaningful and influential relation between satisfaction over living in the historical fabric and the degree of access to the services and facilities, sense of belongingness to the place of living, environmental indicators, the variable of liveliness, and neighborhood relations.

Adaptation of western culture and patterns in Iran construction field and leaving old traditional architecture behind which were once Islamic-Iranian have caused some kind of alienation and lack of identity to appear in many residential and urban areas. Accordingly, identification of aspects and features of the physical identity of Islamic-Iranian housing construction and distinguishing it from modern western style of construction will help resuscitate Iranian-Islamic culture and indices in construction of buildings. The current study is aimed at surveying housing situation in Gorgan City from the view of Islamic indices and Iranian culture. The type of the research is applied -comparative and its method is historical and interpretational. The indices in this paper include physical, environmental, and cultural indices and the study utilizes components including the type of building style, their proximity, environmental situation, proximity to cultural and religious centers and housing adaptation of native culture and traditions. In order to acquire necessary data, two methods of field study and library study have been used. The statistical population of the current study includes Gorgan City, and the sample includes 375 buildings where questionnaires were distributed among households. For analyzing the data, SPSS software application, Excelm and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used. In order to draw maps and illustrate the dispersion of indices in the city, the geographic information system (GIS) software application was used. The findings show that housing in Gorgan City, considering the changes in recent decades, has left its native and traditional architectural style behind and by copying foreign, especially western, patterns has missed its past identity; on proximity of residential units and their adaptation with native culture and tradition of residents, Iranian architectural principles have not been observed and this problem has led to the dissatisfaction of residents in such houses.

The mutual relationship between housing and economy is such that each one of them affects the other one and causes changes in the structure and functionality of each one of these variables. The fluctuations in the economic and industrial sector affect the socioeconomic conditions of cities and lead to the formation of various types of residences and constructions. The current study aims to investigate the distinct types of houses in Gorgan City in order to analyze and assess the roles of economic variables in the physical structure of urban residences and the formation of various types of houses. This study is a developmental applied study which utilizes a combination of descriptive, attributive, and correlative methods. In order to gather the required information regarding the status quo, a questionnaire made by the researchers is used as a field method. The statistical population of the study includes all the residential units in Gorgan City and the size of the sample based on Cochran’s Formula is 375 residential units. The reliability of the questionnaire is confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient which was equal to 0.82. In order to analyze the data and statistics of the study, SPSS and Excel software applications and simultaneous linear regression statistical tests were used. The results obtained from the study show that the residential buildings in Gorgan City vary with regards to typological aspects such as occupational measures, land price, the type of materials used for construction, the age of the building, and the measure related to the building’s façade. Moreover,the results obtained from the linear regression show that economic conditions are among the factors affecting the variety and formation of different types of housing in Gorgan City. Furthermore, the regression shows an effective and significant relationship between the economic conditions of the residents of these houses and the measures studied in relation to housing.

The scientific, industrial and economic changes of the 18th century brought about dramatic changes in the way human settlements were made. With the increasing urbanization of the country over the past few decades, the need for housing has become one of the most important urban demographic needs. Housing as one of the real phenomena is one of the first issues that humankind has always been struggling with and always striving for change and finding a right, reasonable answer for it. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the housing estates of Gorgan city with the aim of studying the indices of the level of infrastructure and the number of residential floors as factors affecting the physical form of housing. In terms of research purpose, it is of an applied one and in terms of the nature and method of conduction, descriptive-analytic. A questionnaire was used to collect data and SPSS and ArcGIS software were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research show that in the level of the three regions of Gorgan, the housing is physically diverse, so that the greatest difference in housing lies in region 2 and the least difference in urban area 1, which generally result from diversity of ethnic groups living in urban neighborhoods, and the cultural, social, and economic diversity.

Housing usage, as the main and most important ­urban usage, has a significant role in forming cities. Paying attention to the stability of the housing sector as the most important element in the development of sustainable urban city, is considered its most basic aspect. Therefore, recognizing proper housing indicators and efforts to achieve a favorable settlement, is an important issue in sustainable urban development. The present study aims to measure the sustainability of urban settlement development and analyzes and evaluates the status of housing indicators in Gorgan city. The research methodology, is based on descriptive - analytic and its governing approach, is applicable. To collect ­required information, the library method was used utilizing ­the latest statistics from Statistics Center and Statistical Yearbook of Gorgan. In order to analyze the situation of housing in the city of Gorgan, 31 indicators have been used and to analyze the information of the technique, TOPSIS, SAW and weight model of Shannon entropy is used. The results of the research show that Gorgan city has passed ups and downs in terms of development of the housing sector in recent years. In terms of sustainability of indicators status­ in the housing, Gorgan has enjoyed a growing trend and favorable situation from 2010 to 2014, which in 2010 was the optimum favorable of this trend and has the first rank in terms of development indicators of urban housing. But in 2009, due to the stability of the housing index has the last rank, which indicates a declining trend of this year compared to other studied years.

Housing usage, as the main and most important ­urban usage, has a significant role in forming cities. Paying attention to the stability of the housing sector as the most important element in the development of sustainable urban city, is considered its most basic aspect. Therefore, recognizing proper housing indicators and efforts to achieve a favorable settlement, is an important issue in sustainable urban development. The present study aims to measure the sustainability of urban settlement development and analyzes and evaluates the status of housing indicators in Gorgan city. The research methodology, is based on descriptive - analytic and its governing approach, is applicable. To collect ­required information, the library method was used utilizing ­the latest statistics from Statistics Center and Statistical Yearbook of Gorgan. In order to analyze the situation of housing in the city of Gorgan, 31 indicators have been used and to analyze the information of the technique, TOPSIS, SAW and weight model of Shannon entropy is used. The results of the research show that Gorgan city has passed ups and downs in terms of development of the housing sector in recent years. In terms of sustainability of indicators status­ in the housing, Gorgan has enjoyed a growing trend and favorable situation from 2010 to 2014, which in 2010 was the optimum favorable of this trend and has the first rank in terms of development indicators of urban housing. But in 2009, due to the stability of the housing index has the last rank, which indicates a declining trend of this year compared to other studied years.