مصطفی امیری

Awareness of citizenship rights can have a significant impact on the economic development of urban areas. When citizens are aware of their rights in areas such as transparency, access to public services and protection of property rights, an environment for investment and entrepreneurship is provided that will help grow the local economy. Awareness of citizenship rights leads to the development of infrastructure and improvement of the quality of life, which has more positive effects on the economic prosperity of urban areas. The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the impact of awareness of citizenship rights on economic development in Shiraz city. In this regard, the research method of structural analysis and pairwise comparison of mutual effects of indicators was used using MICMAC software. The results of the research were presented in the form of tables and graphs output from the software and showed that citizens' awareness of their rights causes indicators such as attracting capital, improving urban access, increasing empowerment and improving public services to have more direct effects on the economic development of urban areas. By strengthening transparency and increasing social participation, these factors provide a suitable platform for the economic growth and prosperity of these areas. In addition, the graph of influence and effectiveness showed that the indicators are scattered on the axis and do not have stable conditions. The most important indicator for the economic development of urban areas is the formulation of laws that provide the possibility of attracting maximum capital with minimum risk. These laws provide a suitable platform for economic growth by creating investment security and reducing obstacles.

Drying of potato slices before frying significantly reduces the oil uptake by the product. In this research, the effect of microwave pretreatment on the frying time, oil absorption, color indexes, and sensory properties of fried zucchini slices was investigated.

In order to apply pretreatment, the zucchini slices with a thickness of 1 cm were placed inside the microwave (power=440 W) for 0, 1, 2 and 3 min. The treated slices were fried by a fryer at a temperature of 160°C. In this research, the frying time, moisture content, oil absorption, hardness, color parameters, color change index, surface area changes, and sensory properties of samples were measured.

The use of microwave pretreatment decreased the frying time, moisture content, and oil absorption of zucchini slices. The frying time of zucchini slices treated by microwave for 0, 1, 2, and 3 min was 147.3, 125.0, 112.0, and 91.3 seconds, respectively. The texture hardness of fried zucchini slices decreased with increasing microwave treatment time. After 3 min of microwave treatment, the lightness and greenness indexes decreased from 77.46 to 75.03, and from -3.72 to -1.07 (p>0.05), respectively, and the yellowness index also increased significantly from 33.09 to 41.13 (p<0.05). In terms of appearance, odor, texture and taste acceptance scores, as well as overall acceptance, the product pretreated with microwave for 3 min had the highest score.

Treating zucchini slices with the microwaves for 3 min shortened the frying time, reduced oil absorption, and increased sensory acceptability of product.

The employment of microwave energy to speed up the drying process and maintaining the quality of the dried product was recommended. Consumer demand for high-quality, healthy foods has led to continuous attempts to produce fried products with less oil content. Therefore, in this research, the effect of microwave pretreatment on the oil absorption, and quality and sensory properties of fried potato slices was investigated. First, potato slices with a thickness of 0.5 cm were prepared. To apply microwave treatment, the samples were placed inside the microwave device for 0, 1, 2 and 3 min. The treated slices were fried by a fryer at a temperature of 160°C. Finally, the samples were examined for frying time, moisture content, oil absorption, hardness, color parameters, color change index, surface changes, and sensory properties. The texture hardness of fried potato slices was measured using a texture analyser. The puncture speed of the probe into the sample was considered to be 1 mm/s. The use of microwave pretreatment and exposure to microwaves decreased the frying time of potato slices. The lowest moisture percentage and oil absorption was related to the slices treated by microwave for 3 min, which had a significant difference with the control sample (p<0.05). The oil absorption of potato slices treated by microwave for 0, 1, 2, and 3 min and fried at 160°C was 19.34, 18.35, 13.95, and 10.00%, respectively. The texture hardness of fried potato slices increased with increasing microwave treatment time. The hardness of potato slices treated by microwave for 0, 1, 2, and 3 min and fried at 160°C was 0.60, 0.61, 0.70 and 0.75 N, respectively. After 3 min of microwave treatment, the lightness and yellowness indexes increased significantly from 79.42 to 83.08, and 23.10 to 31.03, respectively, and the redness (greenness) index also decreased significantly from -3.56 to -6.72 (p<0.05). Applying microwave pretreatment decreased the lightness index and increased the redness index of fried potato slices. The use of microwave pretreatment reduced the size of fried potato slices, and the highest value of size change was related to the sample treated by microwave for 3 min. In terms of appearance, odor, texture and taste acceptance scores, as well as overall acceptance, fried potato slices pretreated with microwave for 2 min had the highest score. Treating potato slices with the microwaves shortened frying time, reduced oil absorption, improved appearance color and increased sensory acceptability of product; therefore, it is recommended to treat potato with the microwave before frying.

The purpose of this research is to examine Israel's crime and its impact on Iran's security from the perspective of international law. Israel has long used the strategy of "inter-war campaigns or campaigns between wars for the interests of Iran and Iran's allies attack in Syria; With the difference that in the past few months and at the same time as Israel's destructive war in Gaza, the intensity and frequency of such campaigns has increased. Israeli war crimes are violations of international criminal law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, that the Israel Defense Forces, the military arm of the Israeli government, have been accused of committing since Israel's founding in 1948. These include the deliberate targeting and killing of civilians, killing of prisoners of war and surrendered combatants, indiscriminate attacks, collective punishment, starvation of civilians, use of human shields, torture, forced transfers, violations of medical neutrality, targeting of journalists, attacks Illegal air strikes or attacks against civilian objects and protected objects, indiscriminate destruction, and incitement to genocide. The challenges of the Israeli regime in the political field are increasing in terms of quantity and quality, and existential security is still an issue for it. Racial separation or apartheid, instability, corruption, reduction of political participation, and deadlock in the peace process in the Middle East are some of the political challenges that affect the security of the Israeli regime. Its security and legitimacy have faced an existential threat. Systematic and continuous violations of various fields of international law by the Israeli regime have been serial and accompanied by increasing level of severity and extent. The purpose of the Israeli regime in committing these violations, which ironically have been documented in some cases (only in some cases) by international mechanisms, is not necessarily to expand the occupation, but to destroy and destroy the existing international law and turn it into Israeli international law.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role and position of international law in the prevention of natural disasters. Natural disasters are the cognate of the history of human social life and nature. The method of this article is descriptive-analytical in which an attempt will be made to analyze and explain the problem of the research by using available sources and legal texts as well as scientific research articles. Prevention of natural disasters has a direct relationship with human lives. In other words, strengthening and improving the level of prevention and the role and position of international law increases the value of human dignity and life. The safety of human life has a high position and dignity. The divine verses emphasize the principle of dignity and high value of human life, its preservation and privacy, and the safety of individual and social life of people in individual and social spheres. In the Qur'an, God considers man to be the best of creatures in many cases. The right to life and security of life is one of the most obvious and obvious rights of people in society. Because respecting human dignity and respecting his rights is one of the main duties of governments. In the international scene, in the text of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights approved on December 10, 1948, Article 3 declares: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and personal security. In the sixth article of the Covenant of Civil and Political Rights approved

The intellectual and ideological foundations of the nation's rights in the constitutional law and the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the topics that is the subject of debate and disagreement and has received little attention. Therefore, this is the basis for writing the present study. The aim of this paper is to examine the question of what are the ideological foundations of the nation's rights in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the constitution from the perspective of political sociology. The hypothesis of the article is: Internal socio-political developments, such as interaction with the outside world and European countries as well as external events, such as the defeat of Russia against Japan are the foundations of the political sociology of the nation's rights in the constitutional law. The continuation of the libertarian approach in the Islamic Revolution of 1979 is also the basis of the political sociology of the nation's rights in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present study is descriptive and analytical, and the library method was employed to explore the mentioned topic. The findings indicate that various events, such as the defeat of Iran by Russia, industrialization developments and revolutions, such as the French Revolution as a foreign factor and the sending of Iranian students abroad and their interaction with the world outside of Iran, the inability of the Qajars to manage the affairs of the country properly and the dissatisfaction of various classes,.

Civil liability is one of the basic issues in private law, and based on it, in relationships between individuals, anyone who causes harm to another will be obliged to compensate for the loss. For many years, the idea of the sanctity of the state had prevented the issue of civil responsibility for the government, but with the passage of time and the entry of the government into the field of economic and commercial activities, the idea of the sanctity of the state gradually lost its color, and jurists began to discuss the necessity of accepting They paid the civil responsibility of the government. The civil responsibility of the government has different bases, which include: the theory of fault, the theory of risk, the theory of safety obligation, etc. of course, it has a concept close to the rule of "Man Leh Al-Ghanm Faleh Al-Ghoram" among the foundations of jurisprudence. Studying Iran's civil liability law approved in 1339, the basis of civil liability is based on the theory of fault, but due to some risky actions of the government, in many cases, the theory of risk can be accepted as the basis of the civil liability of the government. Of course, with the emergence of new theories about the foundations of civil responsibility of the government, traditional theories have been criticized. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect the sources.

The right to self-determination is one of the most important human "rights" that is considered in international documents and agreements and domestic documents of different countries and has different dimensions such as voting in elections, determining the new political system, Establishing an autocratic government or trying for a new constitution. Therefore, the right to self-determination means accepting the right of citizens in a collective sense to create a new political order, which also entails a significant political strain. In this way, the right to self-determination does not necessarily have a positive aspect and can be manifested by identifying the tasks of citizens and participating in things such as elections or monitoring and interfering in legislation or monitoring its implementation. Therefore, the political task is another aspect of the right to self-determination, which is discussed in the present study from the perspective of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In other words, in what ways and in what manner can the political task lead to the realization of the right to self-determination? Based on the findings of the research, public supervision and the possibility of space for criticism and criticism, effective participation such as voting and attending assemblies, associations and parties, although it is considered a kind of duty for citizens, but it is necessarily in opposition to "rights". Citizens are not supposed to and can be the guarantors of achieving the right to self-determination. Also, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, while accepting the nation's sovereignty over its own destiny in various ways, provides the platforms for exercising the right to self-determination in various ways, including voting, participation in civil and political institutions, recognition of ethnic groups and religious groups, and The right to have a representative has been provided by them. Descriptive and analytical methods and library tools are used in this article.

According to the opinion of well-known jurists, a criminal who commits a crime outside the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Ḥarām) in Makkah and then takes refuge in this holy place, is subject to Islamic treatment and is immune from punishment as long as he/she resides in the holy shrine. The important question is raised whether it is possible to extend the ruling of “criminal immunity for criminals who reside in the Sacred Mosque” to other holy shrines as well or not. In response to that, some jurists consider holy shrines to be the same as the Sacred Mosque and cite four reasons to prove their claims, but another group does not accept the association of other holy shrines with the Sacred Mosque. In this regard, they citing to this evidence that “there is no special reason” and “adhering to the principle.” Using the descriptive-analytical method and with a critical approach, this study strengthens the second group’s point of view and analyses and criticizes the first group’s point of view. Therefore, in the end, the conclusion has been reached that the view of the second group is correct. But, if the immunity of criminals who take refuge in the Sacred Mosque is based on the security of the shrine, as the religious texts clearly state this matter, due to the existence of a special text (naṣṣ) regarding the security of the Holy Shrine of Imām al-Ḥusayn’s (ʻa), only this holy shrine can be associated with the Sacred Mosque and not the other holy shrines.

In countries with a prison-based criminal system, not only did crime not decrease; Moreover, the number of recidivism by convicts with a history was high and there were widespread criticisms of the negative effects of prison, both economically and socially. As a result, lawyers decided to replace it with imprisonment. In Iran's criminal system, the legislator has also allowed imprisonment and the possibility of converting it into an alternative punishment. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to examine one of these alternative punishments, which is the deprivation of a person's civil and political rights, which, according to the law or the ruling of a competent court, causes the punishment of deprivation of social rights; Because this punishment has legal roots, but it has been codified from French criminal law into Iran's criminal law. In the Islamic Penal Code, the method of compiling and applying this punishment is considered as independent, secondary, supplementary and protective and educational measures. This theoretical research was done with a descriptive-analytical method and it was done to collect information from the library method and referring to books, articles and documents. The obtained results show that the way of applying this punishment due to the creation of job restrictions, in addition to the fact that it affects the return of the criminal and has negative effects on his family, because there is no proportionality between crime and punishment; That is, it is against the principles of equality and legality of crimes and punishments. In the new Islamic Penal Code, the definition of social rights and restoration of dignity is foreseen to be removed from the judicial type.

Based on the propounded consensus, the authority of determining a judge has been given to the claimant, but on the other hand, in addition to not implementing this view in the current judicial system, some other jurists have given this importance authority to the ruler and the government. Now, the question that the current study has addressed is the analysis of the issue of the authority of determining a judge, in the sense that as a Ḥukm Awwalī and Thānawī (primary and secondary ruling) and also in the current judicial system, Is the claimant responsible for determining the judge or the government? In a research that was carried out by a library and analytical method, the widely known viewpoint has been explained along with three reasons. But due to the deficiency in these reasons and the existence of stronger reasons against it such as verses of the Holy Qurʼān and traditions, the Ḥukm Awwalī and Thānawī has been given the responsibility of the authority of determining a judge to the government, while various justifications have also been explained for the opinion of those who claim this authority to the claimant.

A logical solution to consider the overlap of clusters is assigning a set of membership degrees to each data point. Fuzzy clustering, due to its reduced partitions and decreased search space, generally incurs lower computational overhead and easily handles ambiguous, noisy, and outlier data. Thus, fuzzy clustering is considered an advanced clustering method. However, fuzzy clustering methods often struggle with non-linear data relationships. This paper proposes a method based on feasible ideas that utilizes multicore learning within the Hadoop map reduce framework to identify inseparable linear clusters in complex big data structures. The multicore learning model is capable of capturing complex relationships among data, while Hadoop enables us to interact with a logical cluster of processing and data storage nodes instead of interacting with individual operating systems and processors. In summary, the paper presents the modeling of non-linear data relationships using multicore learning, determination of appropriate values for fuzzy parameterization and feasibility, and the provision of an algorithm within the Hadoop map reduce model. The experiments were conducted on one of the commonly used datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, as well as on the implemented CloudSim dataset simulator, and satisfactory results were obtained.According to published studies, the UCI Machine Learning Repository is suitable for regression and clustering purposes in analyzing large-scale datasets, while the CloudSim dataset is specifically designed for simulating cloud computing scenarios, calculating time delays, and task scheduling.

Public will is one of the important issues in the field of political systems, which has always been the subject of discussion and opinion. to examine the position of public will in the constitutional law compared to the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is purpose of this article.
This article is descriptive and analytical. Materials and data are also qualitative and data collection was used in collecting materials and data.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.
The findings showed that the structure of the Constitutional Constitution and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, despite some similarities, have fundamental differences. The Islamic nature of government is the most important difference between the two discussed constitutions. In the structure of both laws, public will has been influential in the form of separation of powers, individual and social freedoms, rule of law and legislation by people's representatives. Under the influence of public will, in the constitutional law, the origin of the government is considered to be the people, but in the constitution of the Islamic Republic, according to the Islamic In fact, the origin of the government has a divine aspect and the people mainly play a role in the acceptance of the government.
The influence of public will in the Constitutional Law and the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was not absolute and faced some limitations.

Bioethics is one of the important topics that are discussed and discussed from different ethical, legal and medical aspects. The purpose of this article is to investigate the legal and ethical elements that influence the formation of bioethics. In other words, the aim of the article is to examine this important issue of what legal and moral elements bioethics is composed of.

The mentioned article is descriptive and analytical and the library method is used. Ethical Considerations: In all stages of writing the present research, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

The interaction of ethics and law in regularizing modern medical developments has led to the formation of the concept of bioethics. Advances in genetic science and technology, medical advances on the one hand and the need to pay attention to ethical guidelines and legal orders on the other hand, have led to the development of bioethical principles. Bioethics prevents possible abuses and adverse consequences for human integrity, dignity, dignity and rights and its observance can guarantee that the progress of science and technology serves humanity and does not violate human rights, human dignity and basic freedoms.

The result is that genetic science as a science that causes the change and creation of animal and human phenomena and has important effects on the continuation of human life should be in such a way that it includes both moral and religious concerns and provides reasons for protecting the standards of human rights. It should be considered and evaluated in order to improve the positive aspects of this knowledge and improve human life.

AbstractOne of the legal doctrines that has been noticed since the last century and its implementation has solved many judicial problems, is the doctrine of "Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies". According to this doctrine, which indicates the necessity of administrative proceedings before judicial proceedings, all possible administrative steps must be completed to deal with the requests of individuals before the case is submitted to the judicial authorities. Therefore, the present article, which is written in a descriptive-functional way, seeks to answer the question that what are the advantages and disadvantages of the discussed doctrine and what is its position in Iran's legal system? For this purpose, after examining the concept and advantages and disadvantages of this doctrine, Article 16- 4 and Article 48 of the Administrative Court Law (approved in 1402) were discussed as the most important articles that recognized this doctrine and finally in the "Conclusion" section, a correction proposal has been presented for better implementation of this doctrine.

Distributed consensus networks are systems that use calculations and local communication between network nodes in order to reach a common value. In these networks, consensus means reaching an agreement on a specific value of interest that depends on the state of all agents. The consensus algorithm is a protocol that determines the exchange of information between an agent and all its neighbors in the network. In this research, while expressing the concept of consensus in distributed networks, we have tried to express the effects of adverse factors (noise, fading …) on consensus algorithms. Also in this research, considering the vectored signals, average consensus control for discrete-time networks with first-order agents and for fix and switching directional topology has been investigated, and then by simulation, the results, and the convergence rate has been compared with previous works that used scalar signal. Since for the design of the control inputs of the network, the data of each agent(drone) is obtained from the integration of the local state of that agent with the state of the neighboring agents which is affected by random communication noise, the necessary and sufficient conditions to reach the average consensus for the fixed and switching directional topology has been obtained.

Biomedicine is a subject of discussion and opinion from different aspects, including the impact on the standards of human achievement. One of the important topics in this regard is the neglect of human rights standards in the biomedical technology process. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to examine the challenges of biomedical technology for the fundamental standards of human rights in order to provide legal solutions to overcome the challenges.

The mentioned article is descriptive and analytical and the library method is used.

Ethical Considerations: 

In all stages of writing the present research, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Violation of human dignity, discrimination and non-respect of equality between people, lack of public respect and ignoring the principle of free and informed consent are some of the challenges that biomedical technology brings to human rights standards.

With the increasing development of biotechnology in medical sciences and the silence, brevity, conflict, and deficiency of existing laws in responding to the problems raised in this field and the need to defend and protect human dignity and human rights against scientific abuses of human rights, the need to intervene The government and legality of the activities in this field and the updating of the laws and intervention in the organization and protection of high human values against scientific abuses are certain.

Religious activities are considered as an important source for dealing with diseases. Research has shown that religion and religious beliefs are effective in adapting to adversity, and help the patient regain his/her health sooner. Anxiety caused by separation from religious orders has a negative effect on the course of the disease and prolongs hospital stay and causes undesirable psychological complications in individuals. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the religious care needs of the patients admitted to Allameh Behlool Gonabadi Hospital.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 622 patients admitted to Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital in 2018. Data were collected through demographic information questionnaire and religious care questionnaire in general wards of the hospital. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

Based on the obtained results, the mean and standard deviation of age and length of hospitalization of the participants in this study were 46.50±21.21 and 2.76±2.64, respectively. Out of the 60.5% female participants, 78.5% were married and 48.4% were housewives. Also, 60% of them were literate. In addition, the results of chi-square test showed a significant relationship in all dimensions of religious needs (P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, religious care is very important and necessary from the patients’ perspective. Therefore, it is suggested that managers and planners of hospital care departments consider religious care as a part of comprehensive hospital care to keep the patients satisfied with the provision of nursing care.

Abu Jaafar Muhammad bin Hassan Tusi, nicknamed "Sheikh of Al-Taifa", a famous Shia jurist, commentator, commentator and theologian in the fifth century of the lunar calendar, as a representative of the Baghdad school with the establishment of the Najaf branch, is the author of precious works of Shia in various religious areas; In Kalam and Hadith, his book "Al-Ghaibah", which is the subject of this article, is one of the most important Shia Mahdavi sources. Al-Ghaibah of Sheikh Tusi, as a comprehensive intellectual and narrative discussion on the subject of occultation, due to the theological arrangement of this book, as well as the Sheikh's different method of choosing religious traditions in the use of enlightening narrations, has added to the value and credibility of this book, as well as the extra-religious perspective. Shaykh compiled the book of Al-Ghaibah with regard to the typology of theological thought in the fifth century and the answer to the doubts of the deviant sects of Mahdism that branched off in the era of the Imams, the methods of bearing the hadith, his unified method of proving the occult, all of which are a distinguished work of his book as a representative The school of Baghdad has been exhibited and therefore deserves a modernist re-reading.

The holy religion of Islam has special programs, customs and traditions for the management of human life in all fields, the use of which guarantees the happiness of this world and the abode of the Hereafter. One of the programs and customs of Islam in dealing with human sexual instinct is the subject of marriage or contract. An issue whose content is fully in harmony with human nature and also leads to the proper growth and training of human natural forces and the satisfaction of instincts and the provision of his genuine needs. The religion of Islam, based on its attention to the innate needs of human beings, sets appropriate rules for their proper saturation and shows the principled ways in this regard; According to Islam, marriage is the only way to modify the sexual instinct, the correct use of which can lead to human development. The subject of marriage is discussed in many verses of the Qur'an. In this study, we decided to use a descriptive-analytical method based on library information to comparatively examine the verses of the rules of marriage legitimacy from the perspective of Fadl Miqdad and Jasas. Based on the findings of the present study: 1- From the point of view of Fazel Meqdad, a contract becomes a verbal contract, which first appropriates the vat that this naming is allowed,

Nutrition is one of the factors affecting children’s health and empowering mothers is the most important way to prevent underweight. This study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of health belief model (HBM) and the theory of planned behavior on the nutritional education of mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months in Gonabad City, Iran.

The study was of a field trial type carried out on 93 mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months. The mothers were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The data collection instruments included two researcher-made questionnaires whose validity and reliability were established and were self-administered. The intervention was performed based on the above-mentioned models. The data were collected immediately and three months after the intervention and were analyzed through SPSS software (version 22, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), using analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Bonferroni test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, and Shapiro Wilk test at 0.050 level of significance.

The mothers’ mean age was 31.24 years old in the three groups and they were homogeneous with regard to other demographic variables. After the intervention, all the constructs of both models, except for the perceived barrier construct, in the two experimental groups showed a significant increase in comparison with those of the control group.

The educational intervention based on the theory and model had a considerable effect on increasing mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the factors affecting underweight. The results also showed that the theory of planned behavior was more effective than the health belief model.

The main problem of this study is explaining and analyzing rajfat al-Shām prior to Imam Mahdi's reappearance. In the scene of the developments of fintnat al-Shām prior to Imam Mahdi's reappearance the two terms of rajfah and khasf have been explained as the key and crucial signs among the incidents prior to the domination of Sufyānī over Damascus (Syria) (the first definite sign of reappearance). Although there is a complete agreement about the meaning and instance of khasf, that is, it has been defined as being sunk into the ground in the region of Harasta or Jabiyah in [the suburbs of] Damascus, however, there exists a big diversity of opinions about the meaning and instance of rajfat al-Shām and the issue is still ambiguous. The high importance of rajfat al-Shām as the "First'" incident leading to Sufyani's domination backed by the westerners over Damascus (Syria) prior to the Mahdi's reappearance, has become a matter of controversy and caused academic dialogue among the experts and scholars of Mahdiism. In this article three interpretations for meaning of rajfat al-Shām are given: 1) a terrestrial incident (earthquake), 2) a celestial incident (attack with atomic fatal weapon causing more than hundred thousand people perish), 3) war in the territory of Sham (Syria). Taking into account the lexicons, cognate hadiths belonging to the same family, and other indications, the third interpretation was approved. Therefore, occurrence of a high scale enormous earthquake (the first probability), also attack with unconventional fatal atomic weapons (the second probability) prior to the reappearance in the Sham region causing the immediate killing of hundred thousand people are negated. So rajfat al-Shām means the war between two hostile military fronts that will result in numerous killing of humans within fitnat al-Shām. In this article – compiled in descriptive-analytical method - documentary and library-oriented sources have been used.