مظهر بابائی

The aim of the current research was to identify the philosophical components of an educated person. The research approach was qualitative with an interpretative paradigm, and the methods of documentary-library, descriptive-analytical research and the "philosophical analysis" research method of analytical analysis were used. The research field included 11 professors of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province in the academic year of 1402-1401, who were selected using criteria-based purposeful sampling. The research tool included an in-depth, semi-structured interview conducted by the researcher. The research findings were presented in three areas: knowledge components, moral components and personality components. The results showed that, in general, from a philosophical point of view, educated people have special, different, and outstanding characteristics compared to others in all three fields of knowledge, ethics and personality. So that any movement, speech or behavior of educated people shows their high level of education. However, it should be kept in mind that educated people are different from each other and have a plurality of attitudes, and despite having many commonalities, they are not all the same in all criteria; Therefore, it is difficult to find people who have all these characteristics together.

Mental health is one of the most important dimensions of individual and social life that affects human performance in all areas. The present study examines the indicators of mental health in Surah Luqman and comparing them with the concepts of humanistic psychology theory of Carl Rogers. The aim of this research is to show how Quranic teachings can help to improve mental health and individual and social success as a comprehensive guide. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical and inferential method. In the first step, the concept of health and mental health was investigated using document-library studies and the indicators of mental health were introduced from the perspective of humanistic psychology. Then, the indicators of mental health in Surah Luqman were identified and analyzed. The research findings show that the religious concepts in Surah Luqman have a direct effect on the mental and behavioral balance of a person. Acting on these concepts, in addition to increasing self-confidence and peace of conscience, leads a person to achieve life goals with more confidence. Comparing the mental health indicators in the Quran with the humanistic psychology principles of Rogers shows the remarkable similarities between these two sources. Based on this, following the Quranic recommendations can prevent the occurrence of mental disorders and bring lasting peace in people's personal and social lives

The purpose of the research was to identify the attitude of teachers towards mistakes and making mistakes in the learning process and to improve the culture of dealing with it in front of elementary school students. To achieve this goal, the interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach and phenomenological strategy of Van Manen and descriptive-analytical type were used. The field of research included the primary teachers of Kurdistan in the academic year of 2023-2024, who were selected by purposeful criterion-based sampling in the number of 12 until reaching the saturation level. The research tool was a semi-structured interview conducted by the researcher and the data format was audio. Deductive-inductive technique was used to analyze the data. The findings were analyzed in two parts: the first part, teachers' attitudes and behaviors towards students' mistakes, which included five themes, four categories, and 55 themes, and the second part, teachers' strategies to improve the culture of making mistakes, including two themes and 22 themes. Was. The results showed that the attitude and perception of the teachers about making mistakes is not very favorable and they rarely consider it as a natural part of the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to promoting the culture of making mistakes by holding training courses on the culture of facing mistakes for teachers. In this regard, creating a supportive atmosphere in creating a culture of making mistakes in schools has a significant role in the education of students and improving the quality of the educational system.

The purpose of the research was to identify the effective factors in decreasing the rate of reading among the students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province as well as expressing the consequences and providing solutions.

The paradigm of interpretivism with a qualitative approach and content analysis strategy of descriptive type of written text and descriptive-analytical text format were used in this study. The participants were student-teachers of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province in the academic year of 2021-2022 with using conventional sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview made by the researchers that was sent to 60 people in a virtual environment and in the space of the learning management system (LMS). Data were analyzed by open and axial coding methods.

The findings were analyzed in three sections: causes, consequences and solutions. The causes in 9 categories and 111 concepts included cultural and social, economic, individual and personal, virtual space and media, books, librarians and libraries, government sector, friends and family, school and university, and authors, publishers and translators. In the consequences section, 3 categories including mental and cognitive poverty, moral consequence and cultural and social poverty were examined in 132 concepts, and in the solutions section, 7 categories including cultural and social solutions, economic solutions, individual perspective solutions, librarian solutions, libraries, book publishers and translators, solutions of the government sector, solutions of family and friends, and solutions of the university were identified in 127 concepts.

The current research has been able to identify the causes and consequences of the decrease in reading rates among students and then identify solutions to reduce them. Public libraries can play an effective role in the application of these solutions while interacting with students on the one hand and the government on the other hand.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the features of the populist approach in formal and public education from the perspective of teachers in Kurdistan province. To achieve this goal, documentary/bibliographic and descriptive-analytical methods along with descriptive content analysis were used. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings were classified under six themes, twelve categories and twenty-eight concepts. The concept of populism in the discussion of “common people” was derived from the findings to indicate an inability to change behaviors with the use of learnt materials. The quality of being common depends on the information possessed by the person, the type of insights and beliefs he holds and the culture in which he lives. Teachers' approach to populism in formal and public education is characterized by resistance to change, traditional thoughts, lack of reflection, and lack of progress. For this reason, the education system under scrutiny is recommended to focus on modifying its teachers’ perspectives and attitudes.

The art of questioning is considered as the most effective tool in the field of education. If questions are used appropriately and at the right time, they can be useful everywhere for all situations and all types of learning (Sajadieh & Tusian Khalilabad, 2017). Today, what can be observed in the educational systems is that despite accepting the assumption that thinking opens the way for education, there is not much desire to encourage students to question and think (Shabani, 2008, cited in Keyvani Hafshejani, 2012). A research entitled "Identifying Family Barriers to Student Questioning in Primary School" by Hayati et al. (2018), has been done in which he states that the factor of "not encouraging children to ask questions and not accompanying them in scientific matters" is one of the most important family obstacles affecting primary school students' questioning. In another study conducted by Chin and Osborne (2008) under the title "Students' questions: a potential resource for teaching and learning science", The results showed that the students' questions can help them monitor their learning, explore and frame their ideas, guide their thinking in certain directions. Based on such contexts, the main goal of the current research is to analyze the challenges facing philosophical questioning skills among student teachers. Therefore, this research sought to answer these questions: 1. What are the views of student teachers about the challenges of learning the skill of philosophical questioning in student teachers? 2. What solutions are there to overcome this challenge from the point of view of student teachers?

Since the current research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. Therefore, according to the purpose and questions, the method of thematic analysis according to the method of Braun and Clarke (2006) and the semi-structured qualitative interview tool and available sampling were used. The field of research included female and male student teachers in the third and fourth semesters of Farhangian University in the campuses of Kurdistan province in the academic year of 1401-1400. The sample size includes 54 student teachers (33 women and 21 men) with an age range of 19-24 years, who were selected in the undergraduate course of educational sciences.

The findings of the obstacles of students' philosophical questioning plan include 10 themes, 20 categories and 48 concepts. A summary of this part of the findings is presented in Table 1.

The results show the challenges of philosophical questioning skills in student teachers one of the main obstacles to turning to philosophical questioning among student teachers is themselves. This, of course, is the result of several reasons. Among them, the complacency of the new generation in the shadow of unsatisfying growth, virtual space, fragmentation and of course superficial and unsubstantiated analyses. Also, the cultural and educational difference of families in how to deal with children's questions has a significant effect on their philosophical questioning during adolescence and youth. The findings from the solutions to overcome this problem from the students' point of view show that one of the basic solutions in finding skills in philosophical questioning is to strengthen basic skills. Other solutions mentioned include strengthening skills such as: creating equal opportunities for thinking, giving time to think about questions, creating a culture for questioning, etc. Therefore, the solutions are different according to the time and conditions in which the person is and although students lack the spirit and motivation of philosophical questioning; But this is something that can be addressed and requires a multilateral effort. In this regard, Ganji et al.'s research results (Ganji et al, 2012) are in line with some of our research results. Because both of them consider creativity to be one of the main forms of questioning, diversity and as a result deepening of the individual. Also, the result of the current research is almost consistent with Haynes' research (Haynes, 2007). Because it showed that students' participation in open questions leads to an increase in learners' self-esteem.

Actions in education will lead to achieving the desired goal when they are properly planned. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the challenges facing Article 28 teachers and find solutions to these challenges based on their lived experiences in order to transform educational planning for them.

The research approach was qualitative and the research strategy was phenomenological, of the 4-stage type of Van Manen. A researcher-made structured interview tool was used to collect data. The research field included the ninth series of skilled teachers in Kurdistan Province in the academic year 1402-1403, totaling 150 people based on the data saturation criterion, 27 people were selected.

The findings were obtained in two steps: The first step included the challenges facing Article 28 In this regard, 5 overarching themes, 15 organizing themes, and 117 basic themes were obtained. The organizing themes are related to evaluation challenges, management challenges, teacher expertise and classroom management, induction course challenges, administrative challenges, challenges related to holding in-service courses, communication with parents and students, and challenges related to school facilities and educational equipment In the second step, Article 28 teachers' solutions to overcome the challenges were outlined. The findings of this step included 5 overarching themes, 13 organizing themes, and 109 basic themes. The organizing themes include: solutions in the field of teaching methods and tools, empowering teachers, solutions in the field of evaluation, providing quality to university infrastructure, solutions related to administrative affairs, providing quality to in-service courses, effective communication with parents and students, and equipping schools with all educational facilities.

Conclusions and suggestions:

 The findings indicate that the teachers of Article 28 are not prepared for education and the low quality of the Podman course which has caused fear and anxiety in new teachers and lowering the quality of teaching and learning. In this regard, empowering teachers and the efforts of educational system employees play a significant role in the dynamics and development of the educational system. Therefore, considering the challenges facing Article 28 teachers, it is suggested that their current educational planning be transformed based on the findings.

Innovation and originality: 

Considering that the challenges facing teachers in Article 28 have not been examined so far, the current research examines the lived experiences of Article 28 teachers of the challenges they face and provides solutions for these challenges.

The written legacies of the past,which lies behind each particular story,is influential in understanding the study of human history. Criticizing them from a variety of perspectives is an attempt to preserve them through their current application in our present time.The purpose of the present research is to explain Talibov’s educational approach, to express its current applications and its critique in Talibov’s “Ahmad Book”.To achieve this goal, documentary-library research methods, descriptive-analytical and inferential method were used. research Field is a three-volume book "Ahmad Book",the second edition of Shabgir Publishing in the summer of 1977,with an introduction and footnotes by Mohammad BaqerMomeni.The research findings were compiled in four sections. The first part was done in three stages: Introducing of Ahmad’s Book, its author and description of his time.The second part explains how to be educated in Ahmad's book in three stages: teacher features,Ahmad questions and extracting educational concepts from the book. In the third Part, the inferences of the type of education considered by the author were discussed the following applications were obtained. 1.The way the coach treats the trainers, skills development, allowing expression and etc.2 Being methodical in education,such as:dialogue method,question and answere, lecture, and etc. 3. Teaching issues beyond the classroom. 4Promoting moral and religious education along with scientific education. In the fourth section, critiques of Talibov's type of training were included in Ahmad's book which include: reprimand,blame, ignore the role of the mother in educating the teacher,not allowing the teacher to criticize long explanations and beyond the audience's understanding.

The main goal of this research is to design a model of information literacy for high school teachers in Kamiyaran city according to the work and research scope of these teachers. The statistical population of the research was all male and female teachers working in the first and second secondary education levels of Kamiyaran city. The sample size was determined using the Georgesi and Morgan table of 210 people who were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool was the researcher-made information literacy questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and validity using convergent validity. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24 and PLS version 3 software. Descriptive statistics tables, single sample t test and structural equations were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the effectiveness of library variables and high technology skills were reported at a desirable level. Also, technology and library skills include the ability to diversify and search methods, flexibility in facing new information, the ability to distinguish right from wrong, the ability to clarify and disseminate information, the degree of mastery in knowing sources and tools and Ability to describe and review information. Considering the coefficient of determining the effect of all aspects of information literacy in the research, this model will create a targeted framework for the movement of the community of teachers towards the development of sustainable information literacy. Considering the six dimensions of ability in diversity and search methods; flexibility in facing new information; Ability to distinguish right from wrong; Ability to clarify and disseminate information; The degree of mastery in knowing sources and tools, the ability to describe and review information can be used to enrich information literacy skills. By considering technology and library skills, information literacy skills can be enriched.

The question of the meaning and purpose of life is one of the most worrying issues of the present age. So that many theorists believe that finding the meaning of life is one of the most important needs of humans today. This becomes important from the perspective of retirees who have both knowledge and lived experience. Purpose The purpose of the current research was to investigate the meaning of life, meaningful and demeaning indicators in life from the perspective of retirees in Kurdistan province in 1402. To achieve this goal, qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used. The field of research included the retirees of the departments of Kurdistan province, which are 24 retirees from four departments: education, electricity, welfare, social security. Snowballing was done with saturation criteria, which were identified and selected through the center of retirees. The tool used was semi-structured in-depth interview. The findings were categorized into three themes: In the first theme, which is about explaining the meaning of life. This theme includes 13 items, including: divine gift and gift, effort, education, love and interest, etc. The second theme is about the indicators of the meaning of life, which includes 16 items, such as having a purpose, work conscience, relying on reason and intelligence, love and respect, etc. Among these things are not having a good family, being content, faith and pious deeds, the existence of inappropriate cyberspace, etc.

The aim of the current research was to evaluate the hidden factors affecting the mentality of university Faculty Members s in the evaluations of students at the end of the semester. The qualitative approach and evaluation research method of the situational assessment type was used to achieve this goal. The field of research included the Faculty Members s of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were selected by a targeted and standardized sampling method. The selection criterion was a willingness to participate in the interview and having evaluation experience in the field of situational evaluation in the field of the research subject. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and 11 people were selected with the criterion of saturation. The findings showed that these factors can be divided into eleven main themes and 83 categories. 1. The effect of classroom and educational content on the evaluation of Faculty Members s (25 categories). 2. Appearance characteristics of students in their final evaluation (4 categories). 3. Students' social class in Faculty Members s' evaluation of them (7 categories). 4. How students interact and deal with each other in Faculty Members s' final evaluation of students (3 categories). 5. The student's past performance in the current evaluation of the Faculty Members s of 6 categories. 6. The difference between the opinions of Faculty Members s and students in the evaluation of Faculty Members s (5 categories). 7. Grading of Faculty Members s based on Faculty Members s' points of view. (8 categories). 8. The effect of students' tone on Faculty Members s' mentality (8 categories). 9. Grading by Faculty Members s only to pass the desired course (5 categories). 10. The influence of students' gender on Faculty Members s' assessment of students (6 categories).

The aim of this research was to analyze the content of elementary social studies books from the perspective of resilience components. The field of research included social studies books for the fourth to sixth grades in the academic year 1401-1402. The research method was a descriptive type of quantitative content analysis and the unit of analysis was the theme and paragraph. For this purpose, first of all, 5 sub-components including: empathy and support from others, hope, problem solving skills, realistic view and emotional control were extracted from the study of related texts in the field of resilience and consultation with 4 professors of sociology and psychology department. Then the quantity of these components was counted separately in the same order in the mentioned book. The findings showed that in the fourth social studies book, 3 paragraphs deal with the component of empathy and support from others and 3 paragraphs with the component of problem solving skills. In the fifth book of studies, 9 paragraphs deal with the component of empathy and support from others and 2 paragraphs with the component of emotional control. In the sixth book of social studies, 4 paragraphs deal with the component of .

Teachers' ignorance of the challenges and different educational needs of students with hearing impairment is an obstacle to achieving the educational goals of this group of students. The aim of the present study was to analyze the lived educational experiences of the teachers of elementary and middle school students with hearing impairment, the challenges faced by the teachers of these students and the solutions. In this research, qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used. The field of research included the teachers of the school for children with special needs in Sanandaj city in 1401-1402 with the purposeful sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview made by the researcher, which continued until the saturation level with 8 teachers at the primary level and 3 teachers at the secondary level. The findings of the research were presented in two sections: teachers' educational challenges and suggested solutions. The challenges section was presented in three parts: 1. Challenges related to books, facilities, methods and educational tools, 2. Challenges related to teachers' conditions, and 3. Challenges caused by the characteristics and conditions of hearing impaired children and their families. The solutions section was divided into two parts: 1. Solutions implemented by teachers and 2. Suggestions. The results showed that teachers are faced with diverse, complex, multidimensional and beyond educational challenges of normal students during education. Therefore, it is suggested to use methods and solutions that are different from normal students and appropriate to the special conditions of these students when teaching students with hearing impairment.

The history courses at any country ,plays an important role in creating national identity and value for that country; But despite its high importance, it is observed that interest in studying history, in its specialized sense ,is low among students. As it seems, teachers are facing challenges in relation to the way this subject is taught in schools and the content used to teach it. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to analyze the lived experiences of history teachers of the challenges of the curriculum and teaching history courses in the second secondary level.

To achieve this goal, the critical paradigm, qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological research strategy of multi-stage Van Manen type and document-library method were used. The field of research included history teachers of the second secondary course in Kurdistan province in the academic year 1401-1402 with a purposeful sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview made by the researcher, which continued until the degree of relative saturation with the number of 9 people.

The findings were presented in two sections: curriculum and educational challenges and solutions. The challenges section itself was categorized into three areas: challenges related to history books (11 cases), challenges of teachers' teaching methods (7 cases), and challenges beyond the two mentioned areas (4 cases). Based on this, the solutions section in the two areas of teachers' teaching solutions in order to solve the challenges of classroom education (11 cases) and suggestions for the efficiency of the quality of teaching history courses at the curriculum level, which were presented in the three areas of books (12 cases), teachers (2 cases) and beyond these two (5 cases). -interaction matrix questionnaire and analyzed through cross-impact matrix multiplication

The topic of women's rights and duties has a special place as two serious and interconnected topics. This issue has always been the concern of different religions from educational, social, legal, psychological, historical and political aspects. Religions' attitude towards this issue is historical and different. In the meantime, the Qur'an has explained aspects of this issue in different places and of course in different ways. Each aspect is important on its own. The educational aspect, however, has received less attention from commentators and experts. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of answering the question of how to explain the position of women's rights and duties in the Qur'an from an educational point of view. To achieve this goal, descriptive-analytical and inferential research methods were used. This was done in two main steps and several stages: In the first step: Surah Nisa and its translation were studied several times. In the second stage, the specific topics of each verse, statistics and the number of (118) topics in the total (176) verses of the surah were stated. became. In the second step: the inference of educational implications from 32 verses related to the field of women was done in 85 cases and 58 educational inferences were obtained, which were classified into 7 subjects: rational, moral, religious, social, economic, jurisprudence/legal, educational. It is recommended to apply the educational findings of this article in the face of the Quranic view of women in Surah Nasa. 

Information literacy is the ability to identify and critically evaluate information to solve problems in a specific field. The use of this procedure in the environment of universities and for students depends on their awareness of the many angles of information measurement in this field.

this study was to investigate the information literacy status of students and teachers of the Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province From six perspectives: information review, information source recognition, information dissemination, information recognition, flexibility, and information search. This research is practical and of a survey type and was carried out between January and March 2022. The study population consisted of all students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province in the academic year 2021-2022, which numbered over 1500 people. Using random sampling, 350 student-teachers were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made 66-item information literacy questionnaire based on a 3-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was 86% using Cronbach's alpha method. And for its validity, the views of university professors were used. Multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson torque correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the data using SPSS software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of information literacy of male and female student teachers (P = 0.0001). Therefore, in this study, gender has a small effect on the components of information literacy. Also, there is no significant difference between information literacy in its 6 components and the different educational disciplines of Farhangian University (P> 0.05). Finally, there is no significant relationship between information literacy in its 6 components and the age of Farhangian University students and teachers. Therefore, the information literacy situation of the students of the Farhangian University of Kurdistan is at an Intermediate level.

Information literacy is the set of skills and qualifications needed in the information society for teachers, therefore, by considering factors such as review, knowledge of sources, dissemination, recognition, flexibility, and search for information, it can be enriched. Building information literacy skills.

This study aims to analyze the challenges of literacy movement education from teachers' perspective in Kurdistan Province and present solutions from them.

To this goal, descriptive-analytical and phenomenological research methods were used. The research population included the literate students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province during 2022-2021 with a history of working in the literacy movement, who were selected by the available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher's semi-structured interview, which was conducted with twelve teachers with the criterion of saturation. To achieve the findings, it was done in two steps.

The first step: identifying the challenges that were put into three categories:Challenges facing teachers, such as difficulty in finding literate students, lack of job security for teachers in this field,Challenges related to literate students include high age and lack of motivation 3. Challenges in the administrative field such as lack of facilities and lack financial support.The second step was to provide solutions to overcome the challenges, such as: making people aware of the importance of literacy in today's world, offering incentives and incentives to literate students, increasing the job status of the movement's teachers, and supporting education in attracting people with disabilities. Literacy, planning and creating employment for literate people, increasing the duration of classes, and making it mandatory for people to attend classes.

 Jealousy is one of the negative emotions that affect interpersonal relationships, physical and mental health and daily functioning in life and causes harm to the individual and society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a philosophical analysis of the causes, examples and strategies for dealing with "jealousy".

 In the present study, the methods of documentary-library research and the method of descriptive quantitative content analysis of the written text type were used. For this purpose, using available sampling, 150 male students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan province in the academic year 2022 were selected and data were collected and analyzed using a semi-structured researcher-made questionnaire.

Ethical Considerations: 

The adherence of researchers to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration has been considered throughout the research period.

 For the causes and examples of jealousy: in the psychological-physical field, 25 concepts, in the social field, 13 concepts, in the moral-religious field, 15 concepts and in the legal-economic field, 5 concepts were obtained. In terms of solutions: in the psychological-physical field, 29 concepts, in the social field, 21 concepts, in the moral-religious field, 19 concepts and in the legal-economic field, 3 concepts were obtained.

 Findings showed that in jealousy, both internal factors such as feelings, motivations and attitudes of the individual and external factors such as family, school and society are involved. As a result of each of the causes, motives and intentions and actions of the jealous person become negative and sometimes destructive. Therefore, choosing the right solution requires recognizing the causes and examples of jealousy. So, it is suggested that by holding training workshops for educational trainers to familiarize them with the causes and consequences of jealousy, it was effective in controlling and reducing jealousy.

Border police, as one of successive institutions and organizations in establishing border security, has aspecial role and mission in establishing security in border areas for border areas. One of the goals of governments today, is to use new interactive methods to ensure and increase border security. But today, according to new approaches, the provision of these matters is not necessarily the responsibility of the border-guards, but also the role of the border people in ensuring their security as citizens, is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to analyze and identify the interaction between border residents and border-guards of Kurdistan province in the two border cities of Baneh and Marivan in Kurdistan province. To achieve this goal, qualitative approach and methods of documentary-library research and Van Manen's multi-stage descriptive phenomenology were used. The research data were collected through semi-structured and open interviews with 14 border residents in Baneh and Marivan who had experiences and lived interaction in this field. The sample was purposefully selected for the interview. The research findings were extracted and categorized into three central themes as empathy, correlation, divergence, and 27 categories. The results study indicate mental images of border people of border forces can be basis for formation of their interactions and social relations.this mentality recognized under the mentioned categories and the belief and practice of it by the border forces, while deepening the relations, change the mentality and attitude of the parties to each other and become prominent in establishing security at borders..