معصومه بارانی

Cereals, due to their high carbohydrate content, undergo changes that are sometimes desirable and sometimes undesirable during heating. One of these reactions is Millard. Including Harmful products of this reaction can be called acrylamide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of degree of toasting on the amount of acrylamide and the effect of two methods of asparaginase enzyme and acetic acid on its reduction in Taftoonbread.For this purpose, the amount of acrylamide was evaluated in Taftoon bread in the level zero, one and two toasting, and as expected, with increasing the amount of toasting (increasing the baking time), more acrylamide was produced in the bread. Then the amount of acrylamide and sensory properties were investigated in breads whose dough was treated with acetic acid at concentrations of 0.15 and 0.3% and asparaginase at concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm.The use of acetic acid and asparaginase enzyme was done in combination according to the plan with Design expert 2013 software. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of toasting on the color was significant, the effect of asparaginase enzyme and acetic acid on the color was not significant and the effect of toasting and asparaginase enzyme on the acrylamide content was significant.The results of optimization with Design expert 2013 software showed that baking bread in level two toast in the presence of asparaginase enzyme with a concentration of 500 ppm and acetic acid with a concentration of 0.3%, the lowest amount of acrylamide, while maintaining the desirability of organoleptic properties.

According to the food pyramid, cereals have long been one of the main raw materials and the first group in the diet of people. Acrylamide is produced by the Millard reaction when carbohydrate foods are exposed to heat. The amount of acrylamide in products such as cereals, flour products, coffees, potatoes and dried products is significant. Since Taftoon bread is one of the most widely used flour products in the country, in this study, was investigated the effect of asparaginase enzyme and Taftoon bread toasting degree on acrylamide content. For this purpose, the amount of acrylamide was investigated in three cases without toasting, level one toasting and level two toasting, as well as asparaginase enzyme at two concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm in Taftoon bread. Also the effect of these treatments was investigated on the texture and color of bread. According to the results, with increasing of toasting degree, acrylamide content increases too. And increasing of toasting degree leads to darkening of the color bread and increasing shear strength. Use of asparaginase enzyme at a concentration of 500 ppm, at the highest toasting degree was able to reduce the acrylamide content by 86% compared to the control sample. In this study, asparaginase enzyme had no significant effect on texture and color of bread. In the final, samples of bread were made available to the judges for sensory evaluation. The results showed that the asparaginase enzyme did not change the sensory properties of bread despite the decrease in acrylamide content.

Considering the harmful and destabilizing effects of crises and shocks on the business environment, in this study, using panel models and using the annual data of the Scandinavian and MENA countries for the period 2016-2010, the effect of economic resistance indices along with other macroeconomic variables on the business environment index is examined. By implementing strategies to maximize their country's resistance to shocks, they strive to provide the path and pattern of sustainable economic growth and development with the least strain.

Theoretical Foundations:

In the 1990s, the importance of "business environment" as a link between micro and macroeconomics space was raised in economic literature. The Index of Improvement or Ease of Business environment, due to the nature of its formation, has a new and unique approach that has been put on the World Bank's agenda since 2003 under the title of ease of doing business index. De Soto (2000) has been involved in designing the concept of the business environment and policymaking to remove barriers in the way of the private sector as the main strategy of economic development above all economists. The business environment is an influencing factor on the performance of firms that managers or owners of firms strive to improve.

Review of literature:

Economic resistance including economic growth and improvement of the business environment is a topic that has been studied in recent years, on both national and international levels. This section discusses some of these studies.In a paper using a computable general equilibrium model, Rose (2004), studied the economic resistance of water in Portland, ​​Oregon against simulated earthquakes with a default of 6.1 Richter and water cut-off for 3 to 9 weeks before and after the study period. The existence of a price mechanism under critical circumstances can increase economic resilience.Briguglio et al. (2008) in a study using a systematic model and a composite index analyzed economic resilience and economic vulnerability of 86 countries to the financial crisis in the period of 2001-2003. Based on the two components of intrinsic vulnerability and level of resilience, countries are divided into four categories: 1- worst (high intrinsic vulnerability and low resilience) 2- best (low intrinsic vulnerability and high resilience). 3- self-made (high intrinsic vulnerability and high resilience) and 4- spoiled boy (low intrinsic vulnerability and low resilience). Pakistan and Bangladesh have low vulnerability and resilience. Costa Rica, Estonia, Malaysia, and China are self-made. Developed countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Japan, and Germany have a low intrinsic vulnerability and high resilience (best).

This study examines the impact of economic resistance on the business environment for the two groups of MENA and Scandinavia over the period 2010-2016 using a panel data model with the software Eviews8. To this end, we first introduce the panel data model. Panel data is a dataset that observes observations by a number of cross-sectional variables (i) over a given time period (t).In this study, after performing the Unit Root Test and other tests, the model of self-explanation with wide interval (ARDL) and estimation of short-term and long-term coefficients using the integrated group method (PMG) has been used.

Conclusion and suggestions:

The present study examines the impact of economic resistance on the business environment based on Briguglio et al. (2008)'s model of economic resilience using a panel data model for Scandinavian and Mina countries during 2016–2010.The results of this study showed that both groups of Scandinavian and MENA economic resilience index have a positive and significant effect on the business environment index. In Scandinavia and MENA, GFCF and Inflation Rate (IF) have a positive and significant effect on the business index. Foreign Investment (FDI) and Per capita Production (IG) have a positive and significant effect on MENA. But for the Scandinavian countries, it has no significant effect on the business index (DB).According to the results of research in the countries under study, it is necessary to consider the following to improve the business environment, especially for productive economic sectors (industrial and agricultural):Improving the resilience of the national economy by improving the efficiency of the government's financial system and monetary system;Applying the component of economic resistance, extroversion approach by increasing the diversity of export goods and trade parties of the target countries; Reducing government deficit by less harmful

The focus of creating productive employment in economic programs;Taxation of large incomes of unproductive sectors; Lack of reliance on exogenous variables to provide national resources such as oil revenues; Proper use of domestic financial capital by improving the business environment;

Adjuvant Psychological Therapy is a therapy derived from cognitive - behavioral therapy which specifically increases quality of life of cancer patients by means of reducing psychological distress. We decided to assessment the influence of Adjuvant Psychological Therapy on anxiety and depression of patients with hematological malignancies.
The patients with hematological malignancies, who visited Taleqani hospital in Tehran in 2015, were the samples for the present study. Five samples were chosen in an available sampling method. Each one of them was required to answer Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
According to the findings, Adjuvant Psychological Therapy has led to significant decrease in anxiety, depression of patients with hematological malignancies.
Adjuvant Psychological Therapy can help decrease in psychological distress of cancer patients

In order to promote the mental health of military personnel, it is essential to use devices to diagnose mental disorders at correct time. This study was conducted among the staff of a military unit to determine psychometric properties by Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R).
The present study is a descriptive-correlative research. A sample of 1430 personnel of a military unit were randomly selected and then were studied according to factors such as sex, age, education, work experience, and family history of psychiatric disorders. The survey tools were SCL-90-R and Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI).
There was a high range of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for test subscales (0.75 to 0.92). Also, this coefficient for Global Symptoms Index (GSI) was equal to 0.98. The correlation coefficients of SCL-90-R subscales were statistically significant with MMPI ones.
Psychological tests, especially in the field of military forces have a great importance. Given the validity of SCL-90-R in military personnel, it can be used in the mental health planning of military staff.