معصومه رشاد

The metaverse, as a new technology in the digital world, is poised to transform human life in the near future—so much so that entering the metaverse may be likened to humanity's transition into a new era. Like other communication tools, this platform has the potential to bring about social transformations and even influence beliefs and values. Accordingly, the present study conducts a sociological analysis of the opportunities and threats posed by the metaverse in the context of Iran’s economic and social development. From a goal-oriented perspective, this is an applied research study. Following the identification and extraction of strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities of the metaverse in the field of Iran’s economic and social development, a quantitative study was conducted to design a model and ensure the validity and appropriateness of the proposed framework. For this purpose, the model of strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities of the metaverse in economic and social development was examined using factor analysis. Based on the results, the components related to the strengths, weaknesses, challenges, and opportunities of the metaverse in this domain were validated. In this regard, establishing interaction protocols and standards, clarifying the legal dimensions of this space and its generated content, and enhancing governance in this realm are among the most important tasks facing policymakers and legislators. Therefore, ensuring cybersecurity and privacy, identifying potential risks in the metaverse, strengthening governance through a balance of security and freedom in the metaverse, and raising public awareness and education via the media for proper user engagement are deemed essential.

The concept of good governance has been a central focus for experts and thinkers since the 1990s. Good governance has impacted all aspects of citizens' lives across all societies, including Iran. This article attempts to assess the quality of governance in Iran and to demonstrate its relationship with sustainable national security over a period of approximately half a century. The primary question of this article is: How have the elements of good governance within the structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran influenced its sustainable national security? In response to this question, it is hypothesized that Iranian governments, through the imbalanced implementation of good governance elements, have exposed their sustainable national security to various environmental, economic, political, and socio-cultural risks. The findings of the article indicate that the impact of decades of poor governance can be observed in nearly all of Iran’s major challenges: sluggish economy, low employment rates, chronic hyperinflation, water crisis, disorganized pension system, human capital flight, and a decline in social trust. Ultimately, these issues have caused significant damage and various risks to the country's sustainable national security. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected through library research.

Ignoring the issue of social development leads to the weakening of social foundations, confusion and increase in social damages, and leads to social alienation and destroys native structures. The aim of the research is to identify the components and indicators of the social development promotion model with the public relations approach and validation of the model in the industrial companies of Eshtehard city. The research is of mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and coding method and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The statistical sample of the qualitative section was 10 experts in social development and public relations, and in the quantitative section, there were 800 employees and industrial managers and consultants of the industrial companies of Eshtehard city, of which 280 people were determined by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was an interview and a researcher-made questionnaire, which content validity was confirmed by experts' opinion by Delphi method and construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, as well as reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97 and composite reliability of 0.75. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, open, axial and selective coding was used, and in the quantitative part, structural equation modeling was used to analyze the path and validate the model in smart pls software. The results showed that in this model, 5 consensual development promotion components (contextualization of justice, security, social ethics, formation of social welfare, 5-formation of social capital) and 20 indicators have reached the final approval of experts. The field of public relations has a significant effect on the promotion of social development with a coefficient of 65%. In effect in order of priority: needs assessment; clarification; Notices; Awareness and empowerment are effective.

The functioning of the parliament in democratic governments on the one hand and the relationship between the executive and legislative powers in this system on the other hand plays a prominent role and it also raises the merit of responsiveness of the bureaucratic system to elected political representatives andparliamentarians. The main question of the article is that according to the status effectiveness of the islamic council in the sixth and seventh periods, which of the presidential and parliamentary models was iran,s political system close to? In this reseach work, three variables of legislative function, supervisory function, function of the parliament and relationship of the parliament with other political institutions have been studied and analyzed using archived information and qualitative research method. The result suggests that the role and influence of the islamic council as an independent authority has decreased and iran,s political system is close to the presidential system, which has been an increasing trend.

During the last two decades, major changes have occurred in the industrial business environments in the world, which have left a wide impact on the social activities of economic enterprises and industries. The aim of the research is to investigate the role of public relations in promoting social development in the dynamic social environments of industrial companies. In this regard, while reviewing the concepts of public relations and social development, the structural equation modeling method was used. The statistical population is all the industrial companies of Eshtehard city, of which 280 companies were determined by simple random. The tool of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose content validity was confirmed by professors and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.97 and composite reliability of 0.75. To analyze the data, path analysis was used in SmartPLS software. The results showed that public relations has a significant effect on the promotion of social development in industrial companies with a coefficient of 65%. Also, public relations on the component of the emergence of justice with a coefficient of 0.771, on the component of social security with a coefficient of 0.66, on the component of the emergence of social ethics with a coefficient of 0.789, on the component of the formation of social welfare with a coefficient of 0.785, on the component of the formation of social capital with a coefficient of 0.773 It shows a positive and significant effect.

As an economic development means economic growth along with increasing production capacities including physical, human and social capacities, the purpose of the present research is to explain the economic development model of the tourism industry in Iran's free zones from a geographical point of view. through purposive sampling, the data of Chabahar Free Trade Zone Organization managers, tourism activists, tourism officials, local communities and tourists were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews and applying the grounded theory approach, the economic development model of the tourism industry of Iran's free zones was designed from a geographical point of view. Findings of the research showed that the dimensions of the economic development model can be categorized into sixty-nine main categories such as the lack of a comprehensive data bank about tourism spots, lack of a strong tourism social media (website, blog, social network and...), lack of strong content production in the field of tourism, the existence of cost, process, and inter-unit problems related to tourism, etc. The conclusion of this qualitative research show the correct application of this model can improve the credibility of tourism institutions, increase the interactions between tourism institutions and tourists, improve the satisfaction of tourists and tourism staff, create a distinction in the quality of services and reputation of tourism institutions and increase the productivity of tourism institutions.

The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. The review of previous studies showed that there is a research gap regarding the psychological meta-analysis of studies of femininity and social development in Iran.

The present research was conducted with the aim of meta-analysis (combination) of studies conducted in the field of femininity and development.

Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 52 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used.

Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/497, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/603 respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant.

According to the results obtained in the present study, the largest size of the combined effect was related to social development and the smallest was related to economic development. Despite the fact that 50% of the potential forces in any society are women, but Iranian women have a moderate impact on development due to household responsibilities and existing restrictions in society.

The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/472, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/645respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant

Soft power is one of the main indicators of Iran's foreign and security policies. Historical experience shows that revolutionary political systems always use the indicators of soft power to improve their regional and international position. Ideology and identity are among the main signs of soft power. When ideology is placed in the space of social, regional and international action, it turns into identity. Therefore, one of the main characteristics of Iran's soft power is production of identity. The use of soft power in Iran's foreign policy is laced with the indicators related to the export of the revolution. Asymmetric action can be considered as one of the main indicators of the behavior of revolutionary players in world politics. The export of revolution is considered as one of the signs of asymmetric action. Organization and leading of the Resistance Front will be the main pivot of asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy. Taking such signs into consideration, the question of this research is as follows: What are the features of soft power and asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy and in what process will it be materialized? The hypothesis of the present paper is: Soft power and asymmetric action in Iran’s strategic policy will be a dependent of the necessities of the identity of resistance in the regional environment. Barry Buzan’s structure, identity model has been used in this research.

This research aims to explain the socio-economic development model of the tourism industry of Iran's free zones from a sociological point of view.

Design/methodology/approach: 

Through targeted sampling, the information of 15 people from the Chabahar Free Trade Zone Organization, tourism activists, officials related to tourism, the local community, and tourists, was collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews and using the Grounded theory method, the socio-economic development model of tourism industry in Iran's free zones was designed from a sociological point of view.

The dimensions of the socio-economic development model of the tourism industry of Iran's free zones from a sociological point of view can be categorized into 69 main categories in the form of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences.

The correct application of this model can lead to the country's development in the shadow of the development engine (tourism), creating stable employment, prosperity of small and local businesses, development of international tourism, and better income generation of tourism institutions.

Originality/value:

 Providing new methods for developing tourism in the free zone from a sociological point of view; including the level of tourists' satisfaction with social services, the level of social support of tourism institutions for tourists, and the level of social participation of tourists.

The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis), which was significant. Size of obtained effect were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development. Also, by considering economic development as moderator variable, it is calculated averagely too.

the present study aims to comparative analysis for the orientation of the positions and institutional approach of representatives of the 6th and seventh session of the council of the islamic council to political development. in this regard, the main question is whether the political trends of MPs have an impact on their performance with the level of political participation? the results of this research, which are based on descriptive - analytical method and Huntington's approach to the relationship between political parties and political development is necessary to advance the present research, thus making the theoretical basis of the research necessary and makes it necessary to address the issue. because of its importance in islam, system leaders have a special importance. It showed that there are signs of cooperation between parliament and other political institutions whenever there is a field for political competition among parliamentarians. The situation in an analysis leads to an increase in political participation and an important step towards political development. The MPs considered it a crucial lever for political development and considers their failure to examine their failure in this regard to political sociology issues. In the event of discussion, there are many factors in the realization of political development: structural, legal.

 
the present study aims to comparative analysis for the orientation of the positions and institutional approach of representatives of the 6th and seventh session of the council of the islamic council to political development. in this regard, the main question is whether the political trends of MPs have an impact on their performance with the level of political participation? the results of this research, which are based on descriptive - analytical method and Huntington's approach to the relationship between political parties and political development is necessary to advance the present research, thus making the theoretical basis of the research necessary and makes it necessary to address the issue. because of its importance in islam, system leaders have a special importance. It showed that there are signs of cooperation between parliament and other political institutions whenever there is a field for political competition among parliamentarians. The situation in an analysis leads to an increase in political participation and an important step towards political development. The MPs considered it a crucial lever for political development and considers their failure to examine their failure in this regard to political sociology issues. In the event of discussion, there are many factors in the realization of political development: structural, legal.

The purpose of the present study is to comparatively analyze the political tendencies of the representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament) with regard to the institutional approach in the 6th and 7th terms. The main question is: what are the commonalities and differences between the political tendencies of the Iranian parliament representatives in the 6th and 7th terms in the framework of political development? The research relies on the hypothesis that the variables of the principlist discourse are based on political development following the progressive principle of Wilāyat-e Faqih and Iranian Constitution, the comprehensiveness of religion in the realm of politics and anti-hegemony, persistence on the basic principles, purposes, and goals of the Islamic Revolution, and continual realization of the ideas and ideals of Imām Khomeyni. The results showed that despite the difference between the representatives’ approach and function with respect to politics, within legislation and supervision duties, their political tendencies in the 6th and 7th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly have been towards performance in political development and so it has prepared the ground for familiarity with Iran’s political elites.

This study aims to make a comparative analysis of the orientation of the positions and institutional approach of the representatives of the sixth and seventh rounds of parliament towards political development and obstruction. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between political and social tendencies of MPs in Iran with a case study of the sixth and seventh periods. Therefore, the article tries to analyze the political and social tendencies of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly with an analytical and comparative approach by collecting information in a library and documentary manner and using descriptive statistics as well as answer this question that what were the political and social tendencies of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly during the sixth and seventh terms? While the main hypothesis is based on research findings, which is based on analytical and descriptive research methods. The results of this study can provide a basis for familiarity with Iran's political elite

The concept of American decline was for the first time used by theoreticians such as Imanuel Wallerstein. Wallerstein offered the theory of cycles of hegemony, which focused on the decline and weakening of American relative power. The core of Wallerstein’s idea was the decline of the US power vis-à-vis dollar and gold. In the post-cold war era, the US situation in global politics and economy declined more than ever. The US in the 21st century became engaged in endless wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen and many other geographical regions. The surprise withdrawal of the US forces from Afghanistan under President Biden demonstrated that war and peace lacked the formations of tactical and strategic action. The said developments indicated that the US capabilities have gradually declined, making new waves of crises and conflicts in the region inevitable. The main question of the present paper is as follows: What factors have affected the gradual decline of America? The hypothesis of this paper is as follows: Unilateralism and endless conflicts of the United States in the crisis-ridden regions are among the factors that have led to an increase in strategic costs of the United States. Structural neorealism approach has been used in this paper. Merchheimer mentioned that the US role in endless regional crises led to the increase in strategic costs of this country. Data and content analysis has been used in this research.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Amartya Sen capability approach to the role of education in five economic, social and cultural development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to Amartya Sen, the measure of development is not just goals such as increasing GDP or industrialization; He believes that the value of indicators such as technological advancement and social modernization depends on human capabilities. Empowering individuals requires opportunities such as economic freedom, political freedom, and social facilities, including adequate health care and education. It is as a result of such an approach that the free human factor can make economic and political development possible. Any disruption to individuals' access to freedom and justice will prevent them from growing and empowering themselves. This attitude is contrary to current policy; Policies that limit human development to rich countries only. The main question of the research is to what extent the macro educational policies in the development programs of the country are in line with increasing the capabilities of individuals? Based on this hypothesis, a review of the educational goals of the five economic, social and cultural development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran shows a gradual and conscious increase in attention to education as a capability in the country's macro-policies over the past four decades. In this research, it is descriptive-analytical and library and documentary sources have been used to collect its data. The findings of the research indicate that although the role of education as a capability in the goals of the first and second economic, social and cultural development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran It is not outstanding, but in the third, fourth and fifth development plans, effective steps are taken to use education as an essential capability for empowering people.

The present article examines the components of justice and freedom in the five development programs of Iran (1394-1398). The main question of the research is that categories such as political freedom, economic freedom, equality of opportunity and public participation, and the support system in the goals of the five programs of economic, social and cultural development c. What is the position of Iran? The research hypothesis is based on the idea that values ​​and indicators such as justice, increasing the quality of life, and individual and social freedoms, according to the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and upstream documents, are the theoretical and value supports of five-year development plans and can be traced in their goals. . Findings show that the indicators related to the component of freedom and the indicators related to the component of justice are considered in all five-year development programs but do not have the same distribution within the programs and each program often focuses on one of these components due to environmental needs. have given. The collection of research data is library and documentary and the article has an analytical and descriptive approach. Research has used Amartya Sen's theoretical framework to examine the need for the companionship of freedom and justice.

Half of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with preservation of their magnanimous and purity, they have been successful in many cases. This research is done to explore sociological participation of women Muslims in the early Islam from time of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) uprising (the year of 62 Lunar Hijri) to reach the scientific achievement of the extent and effective role of women in Islamic society. It uses historical documents studying and the method of gathering information in attributional. The conclusions of this study depict that women did not have a prominent position before the Islam and were deprived of many of their humanistic rights and with the emergence of Islam, a holistic transformation was made in women’s prestige and position in a way that in different fields such as fealty, Hejira and defense of Imams, they were helpers of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and Imam of time as well as men. Besides, Islam agrees with the political and social presence of women in society; however to preserve the family and women’s dignity and prevention of being abused, Islam has set a framework for women presence in society which the most important of them are having Hijab and purity and attending the women relationships with men in social activities.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and social capital of female headed households under the well-being of Alborz province. The method of this research has been quasi-experimental. The statistical society in this research was selected from 1257 cases of rehabilitation of women headed by households under the welfare of Alborz province in 1395. 120 samples were selected randomly from the social capital of Nahapit and Goshall and entrepreneurship questionnaires from a t-test on spss software on subjects.Sub-goals based on       -The recognition of the relationship between entrepreneurial education and the subsequent structural capital of social capital (expansion of the social network, increasing social relations). -The recognition of the relationship between post-graduate entrepreneurial education and social capital (increased cooperation, promotion of values). -The recognition of the relationship between entrepreneurship education and the social dimension of social capital (increasing mutual understanding, increasing trust, increasingcommitment).  The results of this study, with regard to the level of significance achieved, can be said that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on social capital among female headed households under well-being. According to the significance level achieved, which is 0.024 and less than 0.05 , Therefore, it can be said that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on social capital among female headed households covered by well-being. The comparison of the average social capital before and after the training shows that the holding of these courses has increased the social capital of these people. Also, entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on the social dimension (structural, cognitive, and communicative) of women under the supervision of well-being households. The comparison of the mean (structural, cognitive, and communicational) dimension of social capital before and after the course shows that the subsequent courses (structural, cognitive, and communicative) have increased the social capital of these individuals

This study aimed to investigate the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution). This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis of the Penal Code to compare pre and post-revolutionary penalties imposed on women. Data was collected through a literature review of sources from libraries and documents in the context of Iran's penal code penalties for women. The purpose of reviewing this resource was to extract the elements of relevant disputes, to take notes, and then analyze them. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method of research based on the Islamic Penal Code which started with a review of the code, providing definitions of the penalties, followed by a discussion on the concessions to and severities in penalties and an identification of various elements of relevant disputes and finally the collected data was analyzed by means of content analysis. The results showed that in order to maintain and promote the status of women in Iran, a set of actions, movements and efforts has been made in order to improve laws related to women at all levels from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution.