معصومه زارع

In this research, the impact of continuous auditing on the quality of financial information published on the web has been investigated from the perspective of auditors. The research method of this research is descriptive. The time domain of this research is 1401. The statistical population of this research is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, the number of research samples was 261 companies. Data analysis is done through spss 23 software. The results of research hypotheses showed that all hypotheses were confirmed.

In this research, the relationship between quality management of electronic services and e-commerce strategy with the success of e-commerce strategy in Qazvin Municipality has been investigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between electronic service quality management and e-commerce strategy with the success of e-commerce strategy in Qazvin Municipality. To achieve this goal, relevant data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires. The research questionnaires covered e-commerce strategy, e-service quality management and perception of e-commerce success. This research has three hypotheses, the first hypothesis examines the relationship between e-service quality management and the success of e-commerce strategy, the second hypothesis examines the relationship between the scope of e-commerce strategy and e-service quality management, and the third hypothesis examines the relationship between the scope of e-commerce strategy Electronics and the success of e-commerce strategy has been discussed. SPSS 23 software was used to test hypotheses and analyze data. According to the results obtained from the data, it was found that all three research hypotheses were confirmed.

The main challenge of primordial germ cells (PGC) is their lack of proliferation and self-renewal in the culture medium. One method for inducing the pluripotency of PGC cells is to manipulate intracellular signaling pathways such as TGF-β, and the use of growth factors and small molecules is one of the ways to achieve this goal.

Chicken gonadal PGC cells were cultured and incubated with a concentration of 50,000 cells per well in a 24-well plate coated with Matrigel. The experimental groups included four groups: control (basic medium for PGCs culture), treatment with small molecule IDE1 (100 nM; Stemgent, USA, 04-0026), treatment with growth factor A Activin (25 ng/ml; R&D Systems, 338-AC) and treatment with SB431542 (10 µM; Cayman Chemical, 13031) with three replicates from each group. In order to check the amount of cell proliferation, PGC cells were counted in time intervals of 7, 14, 21 days after the treatment with a hemocytometer. The activity of TGF/ẞ signaling pathway was evaluated by examining the expression of SMAD2, SMAD3 and LFTTY1 genes by qRT-PCR method.

The effect of Activin A and IDE1 led to an increase in the proliferation of PGCs cells to more than 4 times compared to the control group, and in contrast to the SB431542 group, it led to a decrease in cell proliferation.

Paralemmin, novel lipid-anchored membrane protein, involved in cell process formation. In this study nucleotide and amino acid sequences of PALM gene in sheep and several other species, were obtained from the NCBI and BLAST databases. MotifScan software and Conserved Domain Database (CDD) to identify domains; PANTHER and ProDom servers to recognize motifs and potential performance of the Paralemmin protein and STRING software were applied to detect protein interactions with other proteins. Prediction of three-dimensional structure of protein was performed via I-TASSER and 2PHYRE software, and comparing the sequences and drawing phylogenetic tree, MEGA6 software was used. This protein has 3 motifs, which is involved in the regulation of cell shape, cytoskeleton organization and binding to protein kinase A and D3 Dopamine receptor. Prediction results of secondary and tertiary structures revealed the existence of coiled helix structure and its interaction with other proteins. Also phylogenetic results showed that under high selection pressure during the evolutionary process, PALM3 isoforms in all species have been isolated early rather than the other isoforms. Considering to existence of three motifs in sequence of Paralemmin protein and its structural similarity with A chain of Tropomyosin protein in sheep, this protein plays key role in interaction with other proteins in the level of cell membrane.

Academic challenges and youth developmental problems cause some distress in university students that can treats their academic adjustment. Furthermore, according to traits theories, some personality traits and characters provide adjustment in various challenges for individuals. So, the goal of this study is to investigate the structural relationships between moral characters (etiquette, conscientiousness, forgiving, piously) with academic adjustment in Shiraz University students. In order to implement the research, four Colleges Humanities, Arts and Architecture departments of Shiraz University were selected by random cluster sampling method. Thus, 248 students of these departments were participated to these study and they answered the questionnaires of moral characters and academic adjustment. In order to analyze the data SPSSv21 and AMOSv21 statistical software were used. The result showed that there is a positive relationship between the moral characters and academic adjustment (p=0/001, ). The findings of this research include new topics from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. The results of the present study theoretically led to an increase in existing knowledge about the intrapersonal factors of academic adjustment. Practically, it is also possible to help increase academic adjustment by teaching moral characters

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of behavioral selfregulatory processes in the relationship between self-perception and adolescent functioning among high school students in Shiraz. Participants were 380 students (192 females and 188 males) who were selected through random cluster sampling. They completed the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents, the SelfRegulation Questionnaire, and Adolescent Functioning Scale. The validity and reliability of the research scales were verified via factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24, the descriptive data was analyzed to obtain the correlation matrix between the variables and to test the research hypotheses and model. The results showed that the research model fit well with the data collected. According to the findings, some dimensions of selfperception could directly predict positive development and antisocial behavior among the components of adolescent functioning. This means that behavioral conduct directly promotes positive development and reduces the anti-social behavior. Global self-worth can also directly and negatively predict emotional difficulties. Besides, the research hypothesis regarding the mediating role of behavioral self-regulation in the relationship between self-perception dimensions and adolescents' functioning was confirmed. The findings highlight the important role of behavioral self-regulation and self-perception in the development of adolescent functions including positive development, emotional difficulties, antisocial behaviors and oppositional behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that educational systems considered the formation of positive self-perception and selfawareness of adolescents as much as possible to provide the basis for improving self-regulation and increasing the positive functions of adolescence.

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the neural network model in quantitative and qualitative modeling of groundwater resources. For this purpose, the groundwater of the Najafabad aquifer located in Gavkhoni basin at the central plateau of Iran, was modeled using MODFLOW and MT3DMS modules of GMS v. 10 software. After calibrating and validating the model for a 11 years time period, the ranges of hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and longitudinal dispersivity coefficient were found to be 0.5-16 (m day-1), 0.023-0.113 and 7.5-18.2 (m), respectively. Then the study area divided into two sub-regions and the ANN model was designed for each of the sub-regions. Afterwards, the optimal parameters of the ANN models were determined using the 20-year dataset of water year and the genetic algorithm optimization model. Finally, calculated values relevant to the average level of groundwater and the mean concentration of TDS, which were acquired by the ANN model and the numerical model, were compared with the observed values from 2014 to 2016. Results showed that the neural network model is capable in simulating the quantitative and qualitative treatment of the groundwater system and can be used as a suitable alternative for the numerical model linking the management models.

The aim of this study is designing marketing mix pattern of women’s futsal premier league by emphasizing on environmental factors and Porter’s general strategy.

At first, by library research we review the related literature and documents and design an initial questionnaire with 88 questions by a semi-structured interview with geniuses. By this questionnaire we try with 12 variables. The statistical population is futsal beneficiaries we collected data from 185 questionnaires and analyzed by using SPSS19 and Smart PLS software.

The findings showed that between environmental Factors and marketing mix and strategy with marketing mix is directly related. Also the relation between environmental Factors and marketing mix in the event of existence of variable mediatory strategic was indirectly significant.

In conclusion, we should say that according to the approved model in research of the marketing pattern of women futsal league, the marketing mix influences the strategy and also the environmental factors that indicated the consideration of these variables in a comprehensive manner. At the moment can offer that the best option is improving the internal human resources with successful human of women sports in Islamic countries

Landslide is one of the most important factors of soil erosion, and is a natural disaster that makes numerous financial and life damages each year. Therefore, identifying this phenomenon, effective agents in landslide occurrence, and determination of susceptible areas is necessary for reducing damages of this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to evaluate landslide hazards in the Kharestan Watershed, Fars Province. Firstly, maps of the main factors affecting landslide occurrence including slope, direction, height, rainfall, distance from fault, distance from the road, distance from the waterway, land use, lithology and landslide were prepared. Each basic layer and landslide map was integrated to compute the rate of each parameter using LNRF and WINF models. Then, with overlapping different data layers, landslide hazard zonation maps were prepared. Finally, three indices including Landslide index (Li), Density ratio (Dr), and Quality summation (Qs) were used in order to choose the premier model. Results showed that in the LNRF model 17.59 and 79.63% of watershed were located in high and very high zone of risk map respectively. The quantity of Qs in the LNRF model is 4.52%. Based on these results it can be concluded that LNRF model shows a better performance for landslide hazard zonation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the polymorphism of PPP2CA gene in chromosome 5 of sheep and its effect on carcass, growth and fat storage traits in Lori-Bakhtiari and Zel sheep. Blood samples were collected from 140 Zel sheep (breeding or slaughtering), and 165 Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, and their DNA was extracted. Then, the fragment of 243 bp of exon 1 of PPP2CA gene was amplified of and its various patterns were sequenced. Two different banding patterns were observed and the results of sequencing showed existence of two mutations. Within the group of breeding Zel and Lori-Bakhtiari, the effect of T/T and Del/Del genotypes on weaning weight (27.79±1.46 vs 30.67 ± 1.57) and cholesterol (60.76±0.94 vs 54.26±1.65) was significant (P

Introduction The concept of assertiveness as a very important personal quality means to be able to advocate for yourself, your own positions, to achieve your objectives, to overcome the difficulties and to control the aggressive impulses without harming the rights of others. It has an important role in the effective social communication and healthy interpersonal relationships. Thus, it should not be surprising that measures of assertiveness are frequently included in studies of psychopathology and it is often addressed in mental health treatments. For example, low levels of assertiveness are targeted in treatments of generalized anxiety disorder (e. g. , Brown et al. 2001), social phobia, (Lydiard and Falsetti 1995), posttraumatic stress disorder (e. g, . Kubany 2002), depression (e. g. , Beck 1995; Young et al. 2001) and bulimia nervosa (e. g. , Openshaw et al. 2004). According to the literature search, the environmental (e. g. family and academic environmental variables) variables as well as the process of emotion regulation in the field of social behaviors and skills are significant parameters related to students’ assertiveness. Scholars have devoted nearly 40 years of research examining these working models of parent-child communication (or schemata), which are regarded in the theoretical construct of Family Communication Patterns (FCP). Family communication patterns can be classified into conversation and conformity orientations. In the conversation-oriented families, children are encouraged to show feelings and express ideas, even if they disagree with others. In contrast, in the conformity-oriented families, children are encouraged to avoid controversy and obey parent's ideas without question (Ritchie and Fitzpatrick, 1990). Family communication patterns have been found to be associated with communication apprehension (Elwood & Schrader, 1998; Hsu, 1998), unwillingness to communicate (Avtgis, 1999), shyness (Huang, 1999), and reticence (Kelly et al, 2000). These studies indicated that individuals who perceive their home environment as low in conversation and high in conformity are more likely to suffer the problem of communication anxiety than those who come from high conversation- and low conformity-oriented families. According to Hsu (2009), communication patterns between teacher and student have also been shown to be important for the development of some behaviors (Ayres, 1988; Daly & Friedrich, 1981). It is seemed that the concepts of conversation and conformity orientations could also be applied to teacher-student communications. Conversation-oriented teachers encourage their students to talk more in class, ask questions, and express ideas, whereas conformityoriented teachers like their students to be quiet in class, avoid disagreements, and obey teacher's ideas without question. As well, one mechanism that might explain outcomes of FCP and TCP on social behaviors is the process of effective emotion regulation. There is no doubt that emotions serve numerous functions, such as evolutionary functions ) Tooby & Cosmides, 1990, (social and communicative functions) e. g. , Ekman, 1993, (and decision making functions) Oatley & Johnson-Laird, 1987), among others. There is a growing appreciation that individuals exert considerable control over their emotions, using a wide range of strategies to influence which emotions they have and when they have those (Gross, 1998). In this study, two common emotion regulation strategies _ cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression _were focused.
Cognitive reappraisal is a form of cognitive change that involves construing a potentially emotion-eliciting situation in a way that changes its emotional impact (Lazarus & Alfert, 1964). For example, during an admissions interview, one might view the give and take as an opportunity to find out how much one likes the school, rather than as a test of one’s worth. Expressive suppression is a form of response modulation that involves inhibiting ongoing emotion-expressive behavior (Gross, 1998). For example, one might keep a poker face while holding a great hand during a card game. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between family/teachers communication patterns with students ’assertiveness through the mediating role of emotion regulation.
Research Questions or Hypothesis This study, in framework of a causal model, investigated of the assertiveness based on family/teacher communication Patterns. In this model family/teacher communication patterns was considered as an exogenous variable, emotion regulation as a mediator variable and students ’assertiveness as an endogenous variable. So, the research questions were;
1- Do family/teacher communication pattern predict students ’assertiveness?
2- Do family/teacher communication pattern predict emotion regulation?
3- Has emotion regulation any mediating role in relation to family/teacher communication patterns and students ’assertiveness?
Method The Participants were 167 female and 132 male undergraduate students of Shiraz University selected via random cluster sampling method. Adaptive and Aggressive Assertiveness (Thompson and Berenbaum), Revised Family Communication Patterns Inventory (Ritchie and Fitzpatrick), Teacher Communication Patterns (Hsu) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross and John (were used to measure the research variables. The factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the measures and their reliability was examined by Choronbach alpha coefficient. The evidence confirmed the validity and reliability of the scales. A series of simultaneous sequential regression was conducted to examine the model. Moreover, Barown and Kenny steps and bootstrapping method in AMOS was used to examine the mediational effects of intervening variables.
Results The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between family/teachers communication patterns with students ’assertiveness by the mediating role of emotion regulation. It was found that conversation orientation of FCP can directly or indirectly predict two forms of assertiveness. Results showed that family conversation had positive, significant and indirect effect by mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal strategy. Indeed, family conversation by mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal strategy had positive, significant and indirect effect on assertiveness. Moreover, the conformity orientation of FCP is just able to predict aggressive assertiveness. Also, findings revealed that teacher communication patterns do not have any effect in assertiveness. Only the conformity orientation predicts the expressive suppression strategy of emotion regulation.
Discussion and Conclusion This research showed that family conversation had positive, significant and indirect effect by mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal strategy. Indeed, the families with conversation orientation lead to the better use of the strategy of cognitive reappraisal and subsequently it enhances adaptive assertiveness. So, Family communication patterns have important consequences in social life. Families with a free, comfortable, and rich conversation orientation have a joyful family life compared with families with a conformity orientation, resulting in an adaptive assertive behavior in children. If the family has an acceptable, compassion and non-punitive atmospheres, one also sees positive emotions and learns to express her /his emotions (positive and negative ones) and how appraise the event and difficulties. As a result, this ability leads to adaptive behaviors. In this study, these different patterns and their implications have been discussed.

In this study, digital photography was used to estimate canopy cover, leaf area index and nitrogen uptake by sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). For doing this, Pars cultivar was sown in a silty clay loam soil for two years, 2012-14. Irrigation treatments included 100 and 50% of irrigation requirement and nitrogen treatments in four levels including 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1. Photos were taken during the growing season using Canon digital camera. Main bands of red, green, and blue (RGB) were extracted from photos using ILWIS software and different combinations of the main bands were prepared. Then, correlation of the obtained combinations with the absorbed N was determined. Results showed a high correlation (0.84) between GMR index (green band minus red band) and the absorbed N. Canopy cover was estimated using MATLAB software and its correlation with the GMR index was 0.78. Extinction coefficient was estimated to be 0.49 for the initial period of sugar beet growth.

Groynes are constructed in arch or straight streams in order to protect river banks and reduce their erosion. Local scour at the nose of groynes is one of the most important issues in designing groynes that is created due to the contraction of the flow section and presence of strong vortexes. In this study, experiments were carried out on series of straight groynes located in a laboratory channel bend with different flow discharges and different angles under clear water scour condition. The maximum scour depths and sedimentation (deposition) area between them were measured and compared with each other. In order to assess the flow pattern, velocity measurement around the groynes was done with an Electromagnetic velocitymeter. Results showed that the maximum scour depth was around the normal groyne and for the three normal, repelling and attracting arrangements, the first groyne had the maximum scour depth while this depth was minimum at the last one. Also for the normal and repelling groynes, for a given ratio of velocity to the critical velocity, the sedimentation area between the first and second groynes was greater than that between the second and third groynes and for the attracting groynes, the inverse trend was confirmed. For various angles of groynes, while increasing the ratio of velocity to the critical velocity, the deposition between the groynes was reduced.

The most important cause of concern about the stability of bridge foundation is the occurrence of scour around bridge piers. Therefore, different methods have been proposed to prevent or reduce scouring around bridge piers. The use of groynes is one of the modern methods to control and reduce local scour. In the present study, the effect of a solid groyne on reduction of the scour depth around a cylindrical bridge pier, located in the bend of a laboratory flume is assessed. Experiments were conducted for groyne model angled at 50˚, 90˚ and 120˚ to the downstream channel sidewall with three flow rates of 47, 49 and 51 liters per second in a sediment free condition. Results showed that in at ratios of velocity to critical velocity and all groyne angles, in comparison with no groyne, the scour depth was reduced. At all ratios of velocity to critical velocity, the best operation was related to normal groyne and the average operation of repelling groyne was better than attracting groyne. The operation of normal groyne decreased and attracting groyne function improved as the flow rate increased. Also, the normal groyne (ratio of velocity to critical velocity equal to 0.87) had the best effect on reducing the scour depth (by about 71.4 percent).

A floristic study was done in Kuh-e Khom in east of Arsanjan county as part of the southern Zagros in Fars province. Altitude of the region is ranged from 1740 to 3270 m above sea level. The flora of the region with an emphasis on identifying habitats and the effect of altitude on vegetation were studied and sampling was done from 2010 to 2012. Totally, 440 plant specimens of vascular plant were collected which were belonging to 50 families, 198 genera and 287 species. The angiosperm plants were dominant and from them the dicot plants with 37 families, 167 genera and 246 species had the most diversity. The monocots plants with 9 families, 27 genera and 37 species were the second diversely group in the region. Gymnosperms and Pteridophyte each with two species had the lowest number of species. In respect to species richness, Asteraceae (43 species) was the largest family and after that Breassicaceae (33 species), Poaceae (24 species), Fabaceae (24 species), Lamiaceae (22 species), Caryophyllaceae (19 species) and Boraginaceae (13 species) had the most species diversity. Half of species were therophyte and 68% of species were belonging to Irano-Turanian region.

The words of BOOD and NABOOD are two opposites words that they are root in eastern literatureand the most it`s sign popular wordswere BOOD and NABOOD. This is showed that first old stories of the East structured on the story elements and permeate into west fiction, the second concept of antagonism in this two opposites words was dialectically philosophy to help story elements and move to formation of unification that the meaning of story. This concept was regardless of formed visionof author and its meaning. This dialectically function was studied in many elements as angle vision, space, character and …… .Some of the this function have antagonism and some when was interpreted change concept.  Sometimes this antagonism existed between one element as antibiosis and also This study could be one angle an element and other element for example antagonism between character and space.

Entomopathogenic fungi produce a variety of degrading enzymes, including proteases, chitinases and lipases, to facilitate their entry through the massive barriers of insect cuticle. Isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi vary considerably in their proteolytic activity and virulence. The proteolytic activity of different isolates has been hypothesized to reflect their virulence toward the host. In this study, we evaluated the virulence and proteolytic activity of 17 Beauveria bassiana sensu lato isolates collected from different geographical regions in Iran. The selective medium D0C2 was used for isolating B. bassiana from soil samples. Casein substrate was used for protease assay. Total mortalities caused by different B. bassiana isolates through the dipping method, were between 25 and 60% with the highest and lowest rates for isolates BA and MITE, respectively. Our results revealed a wide variation in both proteolytic activity and virulence among the studied isolates. Additionally, we found a strong positive correlation between the proteolytic activity on Casein substrate and virulence of the isolates against the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium. This finding will facilitate the screening and selection process of virulent fungal isolates as efficient agents for use in biological control programs of insect pests.

Explaining the status and functions of leisure in everyday life is of high importance in sociology. Leisure in everyday life is intimately connected with new forms of capital, either social or cultural. Through explaining this connection one can use it as an independent and predicting variable in analyzing social and cultural phenomena. Such an explanation is also a useful way to increase the degree of social and cultural capital. This research is an attempt to explain the relationship of leisure among students with theirs social and cultural capital. Hence, the paper addresses this central question that what are the main factors influencing the formation of social and cultural capital among Iranian students? Furthermore, is there any relationship between leisure and the formation of social and cultural capital? The conceptual and theoretical framework of this research is based on Bourdieu’s theory about distinction and social capital. The study population includes all the students of Kurdistan University in 1390-1391 which amounts to 11000. The study sample, selected through classified clustering sampling, consists of 300 respondents. The findings show that there is significant relationship between leisure and the formation of social and cultural capital. Moreover, leisure is explained and predicted mainly by objectified cultural capital and social participation.

The study shows the impact of cash flow on firm value in information asymmetry situation in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during a 6-years period. In this research Venkatesh &Chiang (1986) model has been used to calculate information asymmetry. Model whit panel data based on pattern provided by pinkowits et al., (2006) has been used to determine relationships between variables. For data analysis the linear regression with use of panel data has been employed. The result show that between cash flow and firm value in information asymmetry situation statistically significant relationship does not exist in the sample firms. Results of the research also indicate the impact of earnings before interest, net assets, the firm's market value (market value of equity book value of debt) and cash on a firm's value.

This article attempts to explain the effect of development planning on spatial organization in Kermanshah. It benefits from Lefebvre's theory about “urban life”. The data was gathered through observation and revision of documents. Finding reveals that development planning made spatial fragmentation in the old relationship between the urban and the rural areas. It replaced the population from villages to the cities. This replacement made great spatial transformation. Based on Lefebvre triad of space, representation of space was depended on urban design such as "beautiful city" invented by Hausmann. In this aspect welfare programs and resources were distributed unequally across the city. Followed this, Kermanshah was divided into two parts: south and north. From this time, Economic segregation formed. According to representational space, Kermanshah was separated to both traditional-modern, poor-rich areas based on symbols, metaphors and signs. Spatial practice within dual spaces such as street-market, restaurant-cafe in the city made it possible to reproduce the prevailing social space.