معصومه کرمی

The aim of the present study is to analyze the groundwater quality of the Fariman-Torbat Jam plain in Khorasan Razavi for environmental protection purposes, which was carried out through field survey techniques, random sampling, and testing. During 2019-2020, 10 wells were sampled and water quality was determined with the index of IRWQIGC, and inverse distance and simple kriging methods were used to investigate spatial changes. EC was measured with a conductivity meter, TDS with a filtration method, hardness with a titration method, and nitrate with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The best water quality was in the fall (relatively good, index: 60.45) and the worst water quality was in the spring (relatively bad, index: 34.14). Also, the best groundwater quality was related to the Robat Samangan well (relatively good, index: 54.80) and the worst quality was related to the Qale Khaki well (bad, index: 28.75). 60% of the wells were in the saline category and 40% in the very saline category. There was no significant difference between the definitive method and the geostatistical method in terms of the RMS and MAPE. The groundwater in the south and southeast of the plain showed higher concentrations in terms of salinity and hardness, and the groundwater in the north and northwest showed higher concentrations in terms of nitrate than other places. In order to improve the quality of groundwater, it is necessary to minimize excessive exploitation and use of chemical fertilizers in a controlled manner.

One of the important topics in the practice and training of motor skills at basic levels is the topic of lateral dominance. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the perceived and actual motor competence in people with different lateral dominance. The method of this research was causal-comparative which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all students aged 12 to 15 in Arak city, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method, a sample of 112 students including 56 left-handed and 56 right-handed. Edinburgh and Chapman questionnaire and Smith et al.'s method were used to determine lateral dominance. Actual movement competence was evaluated using the motor competence test (+KTK3) and perceived motor competence was evaluated with the questionnaire of perceived motor competence in adolescents. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test at a significance level of P<0.05 with SPSS version 26 software. The results showed that the left-dominant group performed better in perceived motor competence compared to the right-dominant group (p=0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in actual motor competence between the two groups (p=0.365). According to the results of the present study, lateral dominance is probably not an important variable for considering or separating people in motor skills training. Of course, more research is needed in this field.

The main goal of this descriptive and inferential research is to present a green building evaluation system from the point of view of experts. In addition, a multi-criteria decision-making model using the Analytic Hierarchy Method (AHP) is used to evaluate and prioritize the criteria of green buildings. Also, using Wilcoxon and Friedman statistical inference, the importance of green building evaluation system criteria in Sabzevar city has been investigated. The method of work is as follows: first, the criteria of sustainable architecture were determined and the green building evaluation system was developed, and then the weight coefficient of each criterion was determined using Expert choice 11 software. Then 10 buildings from Sabzevar city were randomly selected and the importance of sustainability criteria in these buildings was determined using SPSS 16 software. The results of the paired comparisons of building sustainability criteria indicate that the water criterion with a weight of 0.2 (20%) is the most important among other criteria, followed by the technical quality criteria (weight 0.178). In relation to the investigation of sustainable architecture in Sabzevar city, the results of the Wilcoxon test show that the average of people's responses for most variables is close to the median value (0.625). Also, the results of the Friedman test show the ranking of the criteria so that the technical quality criterion with an average rating equal to 9.35 has won the first rank and the water criterion has obtained the last rank with an average rating equal to 2.10. Considering that from the point of view of the experts, the water standard is the most important, but from the point of view of the owners of the investigated buildings, water is ranked last, it is concluded that explaining and dealing with the water issue, especially in dry climates (such as Razavi Khorasan province) it is very necessary to pay attention to the problems that exist in this field.

employees have a significant impact on the organization productivity and efficiency. On the other hand human performance may have effect by environmental conditions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the association between workplace environmental factors, mental fatigue, and worker performance in open plan offices.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 85 office employees from an industrial company. Workplace physical factors such as noise, light, and temperature were assessed. Job performance (cognitive and Time) and Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS) questionnaire were evaluated.

The workers' time performance had a significant and inverse correlation with the noise level in the workplace (r=0.251). In addition, the aforementioned performance exhibited a substantial link with the temperature of the working environment (at the 0.01 level) and an inverse correlation (r=0.317). The workers' time performance was not identified (p> 0.05). The association between both cognitive performance variables and the three workplace factors of noise, light, and temperature was not statically important (p>0.05). There was a considerable correlation between mental fatigue and noise intensity (r= 0.303), but there was no correlation between the light intensity and mental fatigue among the office employees in open plan offices. (p>0.05).

The results of this research demonstrated that noise and temperature may be stressful and lead to an increase in the mental workload and mental fatigue of employees who work in open plan offices, hence impacting the work performance of them. Therefore, reducing workplace stressors (noise and temperature) and mental fatigue is essential to improve the performance of office employees.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries that mainly affect the low back, neck, and upper limbs. Preventing these discomforts requires assessing workplace posture using ergonomic job analysis methods. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of musculoskeletal injuries of mechanical repairs using REBA method in 2018 in Sarcheshmeh copper mine.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the workplace posture of 65 mechanical repairs were evaluated using REBA method. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was also obtained using the Nordic questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 20.

In this study, the prevalence of wrist discomfort was 43.07%, neck 18.46%, shoulder 33.84%, low back 53.85%, and leg 27.70%. Regarding the risk level of the right limb, 9.25% of the subjects were at a low level, 46.15% at a medium level, 32.30% at a high level, and 12.30% at a very high level. Also, regarding the risk level of the left limb, 4.62% of the subjects were at a low level, 64.61% at a medium level, 26.15% at a high level, and 4.62% at a very high level.

These results indicated that the workplace posture of the subjects needed to be improved. To prevent the occurrence of these disorders, education is required to recognize biomechanical risk factors and correct methods of working, use of appropriate tools and appropriate to the work process, and improvement and control of stressors and environmental factors.

Thermal stress and high physical activity reduce blood flow to the brain and decrease the mental performance of individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Heat stress on vital factors and cognitive function of Workers of Sarcheshmeh copper in Kerman. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on fifty-six Workers of Sarcheshmeh Copper smelter in 2018. First, the environmental parameters and WBGT index were measured in the work environment of the staff in accordance with ISO7243. Then, in three stages (initial shift, mid shift and end of shift), vital factors (heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and cognitive function (CPT and N-back tests) were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. In this industry, the average vital factors of Workers at work stations were significantly different at different stages of activity (p <0.05). There was no significant correlation between WBGT index with heart rate and body temperature (p >0.05), and this relationship was significant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p <0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean cognitive functions of staff in CPT and N-Back tests in different stages of activity (p <0.05). Heat Stress Affect physiological responses and decrease mental function of individuals. Physiological parameters during activity are increased at the beginning and the end of activity, and the cognitive functions of the Workers at the end of activity are less than their cognitive performance during and after the work activity

Studies have shown that psychological factors have a significant effect on psychological disorders and work-related accidents. Improving mental conditions and paying attention to these factors can increase the health of employees. Job satisfaction is one of the important psychological factors for employees and a positive emotional factor in motivating and increasing productivity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of job stress and work load with job satisfaction among Sarcheshmeh copper mine workers.
This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 100 employees of Sarcheshmeh copper mine. Data were collected from reliable job satisfaction, workload, and occupational stress questionnaires. To analyze the data, SPSS16 software was used.
Based on the results obtained from the software, at confidence level of 95%, the significance level between the two variables of job stress and job satisfaction is less than 0.05 (0.003), and the correlation between the two variables is significant. The significance level between two variables of job load and job satisfaction at confidence level of 95% is more than 0.05 (0.794), which is not significant.
The results of this study indicated that job satisfaction can be influenced by job stress. Contrary to our expectation, the relationship between work load and job satisfaction was rejected

Past studies have shown that dairy intake have an inverse association with metabolic syndrome. Although the underlying mechanism is not completely clear, it seems that vitamin D and calcium are two main factors responsible for this positive association.The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary calcium intake and vitamin D and metabolic syndrome and its components. In this cross sectional study, 973 individuals (237 males and 736 females) from the residents of Khorramabad were selected using randomized multi-stage cluster sampling method. Dietary intakes of people, by use of a food frequency questionnaire (201 items), were evaluated and using Nutritionist 4 software were analyzed. Venous blood samples were collected to measure the metabolic variables and blood pressure were measured. Metabolic syndrome according to American Heart Association (AHA) criteria was defined. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between marital status and metabolic syndrome (p=0.001). Also there is a significant relationship between education and risk of metabolic syndrome (p=0.001).There was a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and increased TG, FBS and SBP, (p=0.018, p=0.04, p=0.026 respectively) but there was no relationship between calcium and metabolic syndrome components. There was no significant association between vitamin D dietary and metabolic syndrome, although between vitamin D intake and the risk of high levels of FBS, TG and SBP inverse relationship were shown, although there is no significant relationship between calcium intake and metabolic syndrome.

Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes (BTEX) are important parts of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) family, which are widely used in many industries. These have been classified as carcinogenic compounds and the neurotoxic effects of BTEX have been reported; so, a screening evaluation of workplace air quality for determining BTEX may seem necessary.
In order to measure the workplace concentrations of BTEX in the hydrometallurgical process, six sampling stations were selected. Volatile organic compounds were analyzed using the method 1501 of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Activated carbon was used for sampling and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID).
The highest measured levels were observed for ethylbenzene at sampling station 1 (0.8 ppm). The concentration of benzene in this sampling location was 0.05 ppm. The highest toluene concentration was reported at sampling station 4 (0.15 ppm) and the lowest toluene concentration was 0.02 ppm at sampling station 6.
Indoor air quality in workplaces can be affected by the presence of BTEX. The results of measurements of BTEX showed low concentration levels of these compounds in the studied workplace.

Workers may be exposed to non-ionizing radiation from sun or artificial sources such as some types of lamps and the arc-welding process. Skin burning, accelerating the skin aging, cataract, retinal burn, gene mutation, and adverse effects on human immune system are the other causes for concern. The objectives of this research are to determine the amount of workers’ exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiations in different occupational groups and assessing the effectiveness of eye protection equipment on protection of workers against exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiations inSarcheshmeh Copper Complex.

The amount of workers’ exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiations in two conditions (using eye protection equipment and not use protective equipment) was investigated. For the purpose of measuring the amount of workers’ exposure, measurements were conducted using Hagner digital radiometer at 8 times during each month over a one year period.

The average intensities of ultraviolet radiation according to different months in the mining workshop, smelting unit, and engineering workshop were 0.29, 0.25, and 0.08 MW/cm2, respectively. The average intensities of infrared radiation in the smelting unit, casting unit, and refinery unit were 5.96, 2.60, and 1.87 MW/cm2, respectively. The results of study indicated that eye protective equipment was significantly associated with decreases in the amount of workers’ exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiations in these workplaces (p< 0.001).

Eye protective equipment is the effective barrier against workers’ exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiations.

Diabetic neuropathy is the most common micro-vascular complications of diabetes. The drugs including gabapentin and duloxetine are often used for the treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Totally, 34 patients aged 40 to 70 with diabetic neuropathy were randomly divided into two groups treated with duloxetine and gabapentin and received medical treatment for 45 days. Patients were evaluated for pain before and after treatment using visual analog scale, and also their serum glucose and zinc levels were measured. In both groups statistically significant reduction in mean blood glucose, pain scale, as well as an increase in serum zinc levels at the end of the study was observed compared to baseline. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the mean decrease in blood sugar, but the increase in duloxetine group showed significant improvement compared to gabapentin in increase serum zinc levels and reducing pain. The use of duloxetine in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain is more effective than gabapentin because duloxetine causes a better increase in the serum zinc. Due to the high price of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, gabapentin administration can be recommended during the first phase of disease and duloxetine can be used in poor and/or insufficient response.

Crown and root gall caused by Rhizobium vitis, is one of the most important diseases of grapevine worldwide. In Iran٫ the disease has been reported in different areas such as Zanjan province. Despite the importance of the disease in the orchards٫ there is no an effective control measure for the disease. In this study the most important soil-inhabiting bacteria from vineyards in Zanjan province were isolated and were identified. Antagonistic effects of some isolates were investigated against the pathogen. For this mean٫ samples were collected from grapevine roots with surrounding soil in vineyards in different areas of the province. Based on morphological٫ physiological and biochemical characteristics٫ 200 isolates were selected and their inhibitory effects were investigated on the pathogen in vitro for antibiotic production. Fifty isolates with the most inhibitory-effect in the tests were identified to genus and species levels. Some isolates identified as Pseudomonas spp. were further studied for the hcnABC gene. Biochemical tests identified representatives as Pseudomonas fluorescens biovare I٫ III and V٫ P. putida٫ Basillus subtilis٫ Pseudomonas sp. ٫ and Bacillus sp. Identified Pseudomonads showed significant inhibitory effect on R. vitis on King-B medium also via HCN production. In the PCR٫ hcnABC gene was amplified from five Pseudomonas strains. Indeed, seven strains with the most inhibitory-effect in vitro were selected across identified Pseudomonas and Bacillus strains and their antagonistic effect on the pathogen population was studied in the soil environment. Based on the results, all tested bacteria showed significant inhibitory effect on the pathogen population. However٫ Pseudomonas fluorescens bv. V, III and Bacillus subtilis were more effective.

Various approaches have been offered for resolution of pain resulting from spinal cord injuries. One approach is the use of herbal and natural products. In the present research، as a preliminary study، we investigate the effect of crocin on chronic pain induced by contusion in the rat spinal cord (SCI). We randomly divided female Wistar rats into five groups. Groups I and II were contused at the L1 level and immediately treated with crocin (50 mg/kg). These groups were sacrificed after 2 hours and 1 week، respectively. The remaining three groups consisted of group III (control group)، group IV (treated with crocin and no contusion)، and group V (the contused group that underwent no treatment). Groups III-V were sacrificed after one week. The mechanical behavioral test that used Von Frey hairs; the thermal behavioral test that used a hot-plate and the locomotor recovery test with Basso، Beattie and Bresnahn (BBB) scoring were conducted daily to evaluate the extent of injury and recovery of the rats. The calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) was determined in the animals'' plasma by the ELISA kit. The results showed a significant increase in plasma CGRP of contused rats that significantly reduced following crocin treatment. The behavioral tests were not changed significantly due to this treatment. The present study shows the beneficial effects of crocin treatment that may occur by decreasing CGRP on chronic pain induced by SCI. This project is continuing using higher dose of crocin for longer time.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis, can cause endothelial dysfunction and augment lipid accumulation within the arterial wall. Increased oxidative stress in diabetes contributes to this process. Ox-LDL is a highly immunogenic molecule and it is not clear whether anti oxidized LDL antibodies (OLAB) are pathogenic or protective in atherosclerosis? The aim of this study was to evaluate Ox-LDL and its antibody in type 2 diabetes and healthy subjects. As a case-control study we evaluated 81 type 2 diabetic patients and 69 non-diabetic healthy persons aged 40 to 65 years. Controls were sex and BMI matched with diabetic patients. Patients with history of cigarette smoking, antioxidant or antihyperlipidemic drugs consumption, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and renal impairment were excluded. We measured serum level of Ox-LDL(two monoclonal antibody of Mercodia co.) and OLAB by ELISA. Lipid profile, serum electrolytes, and HbA1c (HPLC) were also determined. Ox-LDL and its antibody were compared between diabetic patients and controls and the correlation with lipid profile, HbA1c and BMI were assessed. Serum Ox-LDL concentration and Ox-LDL to LDL ratio were distinctively higher in controls (15.7+-6.9 vs. 11.8+-5.6, P < 0.005). Ox-LDL concentrations were correlated with LDL-C (rs=0.36, P<0.0005) and total cholesterol (rs=0.31, P<0.0005) in both groups but not with age and HbA1c. In diabetic patients, Ox-LDL and its antibody were positively correlated (rs=0.26, P<0.05). Obese diabetic patients (BMI > 30) had higher Ox-LDL concentrations in comparison with diabetic patients with BMI less than 30. In diabetic patients Ox-LDL level is lower than non-diabetics and is correlated with its antibodies. Based on previous findings, we suppose that the pattern of LDL oxidation enhances Ox-LDL recognition by macrophage via specific legends. This results in low serum Ox-LDL concentrations in diabetes.