مهدی آذری

Automobile-based travel is one of the most important factors in the air pollution of Iranian cities. So, variety policies have been adopted to reduce the urban air pollution that are without spatial planning. In low-carbon cities, reduction of air pollution is noticed through spatial planning as changes in the urban form to achieve low automobile-based travels. The automobile-based travels in Zanjan, is changed greenhouses gasses emission to a huge problem. The problem that will adjust by changes in spatial planning and urban forms. In this paper, influence of urban form in the automobile-based travels are assigned by Spatial statics methods. To achieve the aim of this paper is hypothesized urban forms measures –as land use mix- has the most influence in the automobile-based travels. The type of this paper is Applicable and the used methods are Analytical and regression. The results of the application of the Moran method shows that the criteria are in clustered pattern and therefore have spatial autocorrelation and using location-based regression methods such as geographical weight regression is very useful. The results of the geographical weight regression show that the population density with significance coefficient of 0.31 has the minimum importance in the urban travel pattern and the criteria of mix land use and street density with the coefficient of 0.46 and 0.49 have the highest importance in the urban travels pattern. So, as a result, urban form criteria are more important in forming the urban travel patterns and it should be given more attention in urban management

Urban tourism spaces, include primary and secondary elements. Primary elements, include tourism attractions and factors which attract tourist to city. Secondary elements, are the elements that don’t attract tourist to city, but can be effective to keep tourist in the city. That how tourism elements are scattered in urban space has an important role in the duration in which tourist stay within the country and consequently tourism economy.For hotel private investors, the pattern of hotel location and its evolution provide valuable information on market access to potential guests and can be further used to understand market competition and equilibrium: whether the hotel industry is over-supplied within a certain area. The study of hotel location also facilitates the understanding of urban tourism space and structure because hotels are the basic facilities that support urban tourism and their locations influence tourists’ movement within a city Therefore, an investigation into this subject allows us to determine the motive space of tourists and the places affected by them so that it would be possible to plan carefully with the aim of providing tourists with convenients in these places. This study was carried out in the form of analytical-descriptive. While it is a applied research. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of tourist attractions and hotel's location in Kermanshah city. In this study, to determine the spatial pattern of tourist attractions and hotels, the average nearest neighbor model was used and to check how to place the tourist attractions and hotels to each other, the average center model and standard deviation were used. The value derived from the average nearest neighbor model, is 0.69 for tourism attractions which represents a cluster pattern for tourist attractions and the value obtained for hotels is 1.33, which reflects the distributive pattern for the hotels. Also, the results obtained from the average center model and standard deviation, indicate that the average center of the hotels is near to tourism attractions and the standard deviation ellipses hotels and tourist attractions are overlapping and these analysis show the proportion of position hotels in Kermanshah city to tourist attractions.

A essential part of the image and mentality of the urban tourists associate to amount of the tourists satisfaction of how they access to attractions، Because at this stage of the trip have positive and negative effects of economic، social - cultural and environmental for guests and in addition it included most important aspect of planning and marketing tourism. In this paper has been paid to assessment the access tourists to the attractions in Shiraz in order to reorganization of tourist''s behavior and satisfaction. In order to compilation and generation of spatial information، GIS has been used. The methodology was fieldwork and descriptive-analysis and initial data obtained through a questionnaire survey and GIS database. The results indicate that the behavior pattern is not optimized for tourists in Shiraz so the mean of perverted route for tourists is 13 kilometer. Also in this paper has been tried to use urbanism principles to extraction of optimized tourist routs in Shiraz.