مهدی خسروی

Marginalization is one of the important issues in the field of urban planning and architecture, and special attention must be paid to the key factors and their consequences affecting residents. These factors including the lack of educational and nurturing spaces like child- oriented spaces, security issues, livelihood and educational pressures can have far-reaching effects on residents. However, the most vulnerable and sensitive victims of social harm are children. In this regard, the exclusion of children from child-oriented spaces leads to children exoanding their energy in inappropriate environments, which can cause financial, physical, mental and even fatal losses.This research aims to identify and investigate the factors influencing the unfavorable conditions of marginalized children and explore the reasons for their deprivation due to the absence or lack of child- oriented spaces and the harmful effects it has on children now and in the future. The research also proposes solutions to improve this situation. The research is descriptive-analytical in nature, and the data was gathered through document and library collection, followed by field research, including site visits, interviews with residents, and questionnaires, utilizing the experiences of other professors and researchers and referencing examples and articles from various specialized fields. Finally, the authors' analysis and conclusions have been made. Marginalization is often associated with the confrontation of different and incompatible cultures, which leads to issues such as increased crime, drug sales, child labor, threats to the mental health of residents, and especially children. There is also an unequal and unbalanced distribution of welfare, health, and educational facilitiesthe lack of quality in urban open spaces, such as parks and children's playgrounds. By examining these factors in localities (Nayser, Islamabad, Farajah), their quantity and quality were determined and solutions were proposed to aaddress these issues.

Issues related to public sector human resources management, particularly those concerning service compensation and annual salary increases for employees, are among the most critical decision-making areas for government managers and parliamentarians in the drafting and approval of annual budget laws. These concerns are also a continuous focus for government employees. Consequently, the mechanism and amount of salary increases for government employees, in a fair and proportionate manner, remain a challenging aspect of the interactions between the government, parliament, and other stakeholders. The current research aims to analyze the policy of increasing government employees' salaries within the framework of Kingdon's multiple streams model in the context of the 1401 budget law.

The research methodology is based on documentary studies and analysis within the framework of the advocacy coalition framework in policymaking. The necessary information for this study was collected from three primary sources: documents and archival sources, reports, and news and interviews. The documents and archival sources include legal and organizational documents. For data analysis, events related to this policy were interpreted and analyzed using Kingdon's multiple streams framework. Since the primary goal was to analyze this case within the context of the three streams and other focal events, the theoretical concepts of Kingdon's theory served as the main indicators guiding the analysis.

The research, based on the multiple streams framework, explains that the reduction in taxes for government employees (excluding faculty members and judges) has disproportionately increased the percentage of salary and benefits for higher-income salary groups. A small portion of minimum wage earners were excluded from this statement due to the increase in the minimum wage. For example, employees earning 6 million Tomans in 1400 experienced a 12% net salary increase (after tax deductions), while those earning 32 million Tomans in 1400 saw about a 19% increase. The studies indicate that this unfair policy, which contradicts the prevailing discourse of the legislative and executive branches, was more influenced by the ignorance of policymakers in the government, parliament, and Guardian Council than by the economic and political interests of various stakeholders. Additionally, the findings reveal that although the Majlis Research Center's role as a policy entrepreneur in this area was not successful during the approval phase, its efforts led to the amendment of the policy in the revised 1401 budget law, thereby restoring the rights of national and military employees and retirees.

Based on the research findings, it is recommended that in future annual budget laws, when considering salary and benefits increases, attention should be paid to the impact of changes in the tax rate on net salary and benefits growth. To address the identified injustices, subsequent salary and benefits increases should combine a fixed percentage and a fixed amount to ensure that the overall percentage increase is higher for employees with lower salaries.

The increasing expansion of information systems and the emergence of new sources of gathering data and information from the general public is inevitable. This situation creates responsibility for the government in two ways: firstly, the management and how to manage this level of data and information for maximum optimization, and secondly, the proper and easy sharing of governance data between government institutions and the private sector. In response to this issue, the Parliament passed the National Data and Information Management Law, which, considering the importance of the issue, needs to be analyzed to analyze the main reasons for the formation and approval of this law, along with the consequences and real effects of its implementation.This research was conducted with the method of qualitative content analysis and two antecedents of proponents and opponents of moderators, and two consequences of positive consequences and possible threats were extracted. Also, according to the calculated factors, suggestions have been made to avoid unintended consequences.

The public sector is facing diverse and complex challenges in the current era. Solving these challenges, which are often related to the development of communication and data, will not be possible except by benefiting from the capacities created by these technologies and realizing data-driven governance. Artificial intelligence technology is one of the revolutionary technologies in the current era that can be used to improve the quality of governance. In order to apply this technology, it is necessary to first consider possible obstacles and challenges in a conscious way. Therefore, in the current research, after a systematic review of the literature, 16 obstacles and challenges of using artificial intelligence in the public sector have been identified and prioritized using the fuzzy simple weighting method(FSAW). According to the findings, "access to data and its quality" have been identified as the most important obstacle, and "ignoring public and social considerations" as the most important challenge. Finally, the identified cases are placed in 6 economic, social, political, managerial, technological and ethical categories, and policy recommendations are proposed according to each category and relevant stakeholders.

Although in the past decades, there has been a growing trend of designing and using public participation tools in the legislation of world parliaments, this trend is still not visible in the Iranian parliament. Therefore, this research aims to analyz the reasons for the inaction of the Iranian parliament in the use of these tools. In order to collect data interviews were conducted with a number of parliamentarians, experts from the parliamentary research center, and experts in the policymaking and parliamentary fields, and thematic analysis method was used to analyze the results. The findings indicate the realization of passivity in 5 themes calculated, ideological, imposed, reluctant and inadvertent, which are derived from categories and subcategories. According to the results obtained, the most important reasons for the inaction of the parliament in using public participation tools are: insufficient knowledge of these tools and the consequences of their use, not considering this right legitimate and necessary for the general public, false and mistaken perceptions of requesting participation from the people, the lack of cultural and social infrastructure, the existence of the system of representative democracy, and finally the internal regulations of the parliament. The results of this research can create new insights for experts, scholars and members of parliament. Finally, recommendations for future researches and Iranian parliamentarians have been provided.

Following the rise of modernism and the serious damages to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of literature introduced ecological criticism as a new science. In this research, using anthropological theories, it is pointed out the explanation of the two great forces of fear and love in man, which shapes his positions in relation to life and death and determines his actions. Also, the difference in the approach towards nature in the days of matriarchy and patriarchy and the modern era has been investigated. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of matrilineal system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the why and how of relationship and behavior at a particular time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression are also significant. The research results show Animistic thinking and maternal way of life lead to human efforts to criticize natureWith the decline of matriarchy, nature and women are equally degraded. The process of devaluing nature leads to abuse and destruction of the earth with the advent of modernism. Man, considers himself the measure and standard of morality and valuation and gives himself the right to benefit from all facilities and of course nature with It faces irreparable destruction

Following the emergence of modernism and the serious damages of the 20th and 21st century to nature as the habitat of humans and the danger of its destruction, researchers in the field of ecological criticism literature introduced it as a new science. An approach that deals with the relationship between literature, art and nature and their mutual influence, so that maybe by focusing on this issue, considerations regarding the preservation and protection of the habitat by the human society can be considered. Although human action and behavior changes with the transformation of the social structure system and under the influence of the philosophy of looking at life, but what causes a friendly or competitive relationship with nature, becoming unique or superior to it, has roots in the human psyche that are more primitive and more fundamental than superstructures. In this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical way, an attempt has been made to investigate the root of damage to nature, which has caused the formation of ecological criticism. Components such as fear of nature, animism of nature, the existence and presence of the maternal descent system, and finally modernity, each of which has determined the limits, limits, why and how of the relationship and behavior at a specific time, and of course the role and relations of power in this influence and impression can also be is attention.

Reforming the consumption pattern and correcting extravagant behavior has been the concern of the Supreme Leader for about two decades, who warned about this issue many times and finally proposed 2008 as the year of reforming the consumption pattern. One of the issues that different countries are facing. It is an energy crisis. This crisis has prompted countries and organizations to have a different approach to this issue. In the meantime, many scientific and managerial solutions have been put into play. Among the factors that increase energy consumption is the lack of energy management. Based on this, energy management information systems have been used with hope and in this study, by reviewing the existing literature and considering Maheshshan Pisi's research group examines the information wires of energy management and information technologies in energy management, reducing the amount of energy consumption and also identifying the success factors of these systems. By using the results of this article, a new view can be obtained regarding the nature of information systems in energy management and saving, and a little new in the design of forward-looking strategies to create new competitive advantages by using the implementation and implementation of these success factors. Harvest systems.

In this research, the portfolio of faculty members has been formed and their evaluation from two dimensions of performance and potential has been done using the human resources matrix. In terms of performance; Education and research variables and in the dimension of potential; The variables of ability, aspirations and engagement are considered. Educational and research performance were collected in collaboration with the Office of Monitoring and Evaluation, Quality Assurance and the Vice Chancellor for Research, respectively, also valid evaluation forms and standard questionnaires have been used to evaluate the potential of faculty members. According to the purposive sampling method, 110 faculty members were evaluated and monitored. MATLAB software (R2018b, v9) and neural-fuzzy network method have been used for modeling and data analysis. Finally, faculty members with two scenarios of classical logic (binary or Aristotelian (0 and 1)) and fuzzy logic into four parts of the matrix, which are; Stars, core employees, question marks and dead woods were marked. According to the obtained outputs, about 30% of the subjects were in the star section, 21% as core employees, 16% as question marks and 33% in the dead woods section. Finally, by comparing the classical and fuzzy logics, the advantages of using this method are described. The obtained results indicate the success of the proposed method in analyzing the function of faculty members in the university in question and can play a role in the major decisions of that university.

Marginalization is one of the important issues in the field of urban planning and architecture; The lack of educational and educational spaces such as child-centered spaces, security issues, livelihood and educational pressures can have many consequences on residents, especially children. In this regard, the exclusion of children from child-centered spaces causes children to drain their energy in inappropriate environments, which can lead to financial, physical and mental losses. This research identifies and examines the factors affecting the poor conditions of marginalized children and the destructive effects it has on children now and in the future. The research is of a descriptive-analytical type and the data has been acquired through document and library collection, then by using the experiences of other professors and researchers, by mentioning examples and articles worked in various specialized fields, a field investigation of Including visits, interviews with residents and questionnaires, and finally the analysis and conclusions of the authors have been made. Marginalization is often associated with the confrontation of different cultures, this causes harm such as increased crime and drug sales and child labor, threats to the mental health of residents, especially children, unbalanced distribution of welfare, health, educational facilities and lack of The quality of urban open spaces such as parks and children's playgrounds is determined by examining these factors in the localities (Naisar, Islamabad, Farajeh), their quantity and quality have been determined and a solution has been provided to solve these factors.

Assessing faculty members involves formal steps in assessing and informing faculty members about how to do the job and the responsibilities assigned to them in different dimensions. In the present study, the evaluation of faculty members has been done from two educational and research perspectives. The statistical population of the present study is 307 faculty members of one of the public universities. Educational performance information has been prepared in collaboration with the Office of Monitoring, Evaluation and Quality Assurance of the University, as well as research performance information in collaboration with the Vice Chancellor for Research. Data analysis was performed using artificial intelligence method and using MATLAB software. In analyzing the results, first, using threshold clustering, faculty members were divided into four clusters. Then, in the second step of the analysis, the potential of the general regression neural network is used. Using the general regression neural network, the degree to which individuals depend on each of the four clusters is determined. The results show that most faculty members have a good educational situation, while the research status of faculty members is not good. Also, in general, research and educational performance between faculties, Faculty of Chemistry (0.99 and 0.60), first rank and physical education faculties (0.34 and 0.99), basic sciences (0.58 and 0.37) and economic and administrative sciences ( 0.40 and 0.47) gained the next ranks. In the final section, by comparing the two methods, while examining the advantages of using the general regression neural network, the necessary suggestions are presented.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and also the biggest health problem in all countries. The world health organization has called it a silent epidemic. Self-care is one of the most important factors in controlling blood sugar in diabetics’ patients. This study was done to determine the relationship between self-care and glycosylated hemoglobin level diabetic patients in rural area in Golestan Province, northern Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was done on 239 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes (56.92±10.70 years) in rural area in Golestan Province, northern Iran during 2016. Data collection tool were a standard diabetes self-care questionnaire with demographic variables and HbA1C test. Completion of data and sampling was done by referring to the health center and calling patients.

There was no significant relationship between glycemic controls with any of the self-care items studied. Mean of HbA1c was 8.23±1.85%. 97 patients (40.6%) had good blood sugar control (less than 7.5%). Patientchr('39')s self-care had a mean of 3.58, of which the highest score was related to the dietary regimen (6.60) and the lowest was related to self-monitoring of blood glucose (0.88) and regular physical activity (2.3).

Self-care of the patients was moderate. Interventions to increase self-care of patients are recommended in this area.

So far, there have been various divisions of humor, but the discussion of the role of satirical conceptual tendencies in the political press has not received much attention from researchers. Conceptual tendencies of humor are the concepts through which a message is presented to the audience in the form of four political, economic, social, and cultural approaches. The questions of this research are, “What is the theme of satirical concepts in the political press of the second Pahlavi period?” and “How does humor relate to historical, political, and social currents?” This study seeks, with a theoretical perspective on discourse analysis and using Norman Fairclough’s method, to show how pre-revolutionary press humor concepts challenge the dominant discourse of power in the second Pahlavi period by representing political and social discontent.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. Due to the research gap in the field of identifying talented people in previous researches, the present study has been compiled with the aim of identifying talented faculty members. For this purpose, two variables of Performance (Educational and Research) and Potential (Ability,& Aspirations and Engagement) of faculty members have been used. The statistical population of the present study is 350 faculty members of Mazandaran University who have been selected as a sample using purposive sampling method of 110 faculty members. Data related to educational performance have been prepared in cooperation with the Office of Supervision of Evaluation and Supervision, Quality Assurance and data related to research performance in cooperation with the Vice Chancellor for Research. To evaluate the ability of faculty members, the evaluation form of the CEB model(2005) and also to evaluate job aspirations and job engagement, two standard questionnaires, Nadi et al (2010) and Shuffle et al(2006) were used, respectively. The content validity of the questionnaires by experts and the reliability of the questionnaire is job aspirations (81.8) and job interaction(91.9). After initial clustering on the data, a fuzzy inference system with two inputs (performance and potential) and one output (Talent) is defined at five levels. The results show that most of the faculty members are 42.72% in the "intermediate" section. Also, 11.82% were in the "very low" section, 16.37% in the "low" section, 25.45% in the "high" section and 3.64% in the "very high" section

Faculty members’ evaluation can improve teaching methods and elucidate didactic objectives. To achieve an enhanced evaluation system at medical schools, improving the assessment instruments seems indispensable. Considering the differences between the value of the criteria from the collegiate studentschr('39') view, this study endeavored to line up and weight the evaluation criteria of faculty members from the viewpoint of dental students at Isfahan Dental School.

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on after-basic-sciences students of Isfahan Dental School in the academic year 2019. A total of 432 students were enrolled, and their attitudes towards the importance of the propositions of evaluation forms in the professorschr('39') evaluation system were solicited through Likert scale. Shannon entropy method was employed to weight and prioritize in the Excel software. The mean scores of itemschr('39') importance grading was analyzed through non-parametric tests for correlation along with gender, year of entry, and collegiate studentschr('39') scores.

According to the opinions of 393 students, in the practical courses, inclusive justification (0.063) and timely attendance of the teacher in the contexts (0.063) and in theoretical courses, presentation of related practical contents (0.083) and fluency on scientific concepts (0.083) had the highest weight. The criterion of justifying students at the beginning of practical training and in the theoretical courses providing materials in a practical way had the great importance and weight.

The obtained weights for the evaluation propositions based on Shannon entropy related to practical and theoretical courses after confirming the reliability could be applied normally.

This Artical is related to the conceptual function of humorous tendencies on community consciousness and the critique of ruling political discourses; in this research Using the method of discourse analysis, important works of satire have been mentioned at the time and in the issue of the election of the National Assembly as one of the functions of the institution of power during the Second Pahlavi period (1357-1351). Regarding the political atmosphere and critical discourses of that era, the satire in the press was largely political in nature, and in the majority of cases, comic and social issues were published, especially in the form of lyrics with political intentions and for the purpose of discursive purposes. The special political space and the type of relations and general culture dominated during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi spread his shadow over the literary works of this era, so that after the important events of the August 28 coup by exercising more control over the press activities, the satire as a means of expression The truths and knowledge of the people were used by critics.

Urethritis is a common infection in hospitals, especially in intensive care units(ICUs), whose treatment is difficult today due to increased prevalence of resistant bacteria.The aim of the present study was to determine the resistance pattern to gemifloxacin in fluoroquinolones-resistant Escherichia coli strains possessed DNA gyrase isolated from hospitalized patients in ICUs. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients (n = 113) in ICUs were studied. After identifying of E. coli isolates using specific tests broth microdilution test was used in according to CLSI M100-S25(2015) criteria to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and gemifloxacin. The fluoroquinolone resistance gene (gyrA) was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers. In this study, the prevalence of E. coli isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin was reported 35.2%. Determining MIC of gemifloxacin showed that 87.3% of the strains were susceptible to it (MIC, ≤0.25μg/ml), while 53.5% MIC (≤1μg/ml) and 46.5% o (MIC, ≤2μg /ml) of isolates were categorized as susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin respectively.The concentration of gemifloxacin, that inhibited 90% growth of isolates (MIC90) was 0.5μg /ml , 8-fold lower than levofloxacin (MIC90=4μg/ml) and 8-fold lower than ciprofloxacin (MIC90=4μg/ml). The study of the polymerase chain reaction on gemifloxacin-resistant isolates confirmed the mutation in serine 83 of gyrA gene. We conclude that not only resistance to fluoroquinolones, but the frequency of gyrA gene in E.coli strains isolated from special hospitalized patients is increasing.