مهدی دوایی

The present study aimed to shorten and prepare two parallel forms of the Trust in God (TiG) scale and examine their psychological characteristics in married men and women. According to the purpose, the current research is of the applied type, and in terms of the data collection method, it is descriptive. The research population included all married persons in the north, south, east, west, and center of Tehran, from which 773 people were selected using Cohen's sampling formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation measurement with other tools were used to investigate the psychometric properties of parallel forms. The results showed that both parallel forms of TiG scale have good fit indices in men and women, which indicated the appropriateness of the construct validity of TiG short forms. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and correlation between the dimensions of two parallel forms were used to check the reliability, and the results indicated that the values in all three dimensions of behavior, cognition, and emotion of TiG forms were appropriate. Also, all dimensions in both forms of TiG showed positive and significant correlations with the subscales of secure attachment to God and secure attachment of adults; on the contrary, they had negative and significant correlations with the subscales of anxious attachment to God, avoidant attachment to God, and anxious attachment of adults, which shows the appropriate convergent and divergent validity. In conclusion, it can be said both parallel forms have suitable psychometric properties for psychological research.

Marital satisfaction is a key indicator of the strength and effectiveness of the family system. The health of a family relies on the presence of a nurturing and evolving relationship; thus, marital satisfaction is essential for establishing a healthy and stable marriage. The present study was conducted to identify the factors that affect marital satisfaction.

The present study employed a qualitative, data-driven approach. The study population consisted of premarital counseling specialists who had been professionally active in Tehran in 2021 and had a minimum of five years of counseling experience. A total of 20 specialists participated in the present study. Participants were selected using purposive and accessible sampling methods. The primary tool used in the current study was semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the interviews was conducted using a categorization (coding) method.

Data analysis resulted in the identification of 25 open codes, 6 central codes, and a selected code of "marital satisfaction and a healthy, stable marriage." The analysis of the findings revealed that various factors contribute to marital satisfaction. Personality traits serve as reinforcing factors, while satisfying basic needs and strengthening communication skills act as enhancing factors. The results of the study indicate that personality traits—such as emotional stability, high self-confidence, responsibility, flexibility, and moral conscience—along with the fulfillment of basic needs (including the need for love and respect, personal growth, recognition, deep sexual relationships, and physical affection) and the enhancement of communication skills (such as conversational abilities, conflict resolution, interpersonal relationships, empathy, and stress management) significantly contribute to marital satisfaction. The outcomes of the study have been observed at three levels: individual (mental health), couple (adaptation, relationship stability, and reduction of psychological stress), and social (prevention of emotional and legal divorce).

Identifying the factors that enhance and promote marital satisfaction provides valuable insights for counselors and psychologists. This knowledge can assist them in guiding individuals seeking marriage counseling, fostering stable marriages, and mitigating potential harms, as suggested by experts in the Iranian context.

The purpose of the current research is to design a model of citizenship education based on upstream documents, and this research is fundamental-applicative in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of type. The required data have been collected by documentary method and in compliance with the principle of saturation from among the five documents of the fundamental transformation of education, the sixth development plan, the charter of citizenship rights, the Iranian Islamic model of progress and the national curriculum. Citizenship education in the human society, especially our dear country Iran, has not been paid attention to as it needs to be. So, for developing the model of citizenship training, the documents approved by the country, especially the 5 documents used in this research, are very suitable. The method of data analysis, coding was done by thematic analysis method and in six steps by the Brown-Clark method. In the findings section, the components and sub-components of citizenship training were extracted based on the upstream documents, by studying and analyzing the available scientific documents. The citizenship education model includes four main components (social dimension - cultural dimension - political dimension and economic dimension) and 19 sub-components (respect for the law and the need to comply with it, increasing the possibility of doing group and collaborative work, social values ​​related to ethics, etc.) which was completely listed in the above research, the prepared model is suitable for presenting it to  educational centers,schools and especially teachers.

The present study was conducted in order to investigate and analyze the foundations, goals, principles and methods of citizenship education based on upstream documents and it is of a qualitative type. 1- Document on Fundamental Transformation of Education 2- Sixth Development Plan 3- Charter of Citizen Rights 4- Iranian Islamic Model of Progress 5- National Curriculum. The desired data have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical method.After examining and analyzing the above documents and according to what has been stated in the philosophical schools, the basics include ontology, epistemology, and values, we came to the conclusion that the basics of citizenship education based on the documents in question are: its ontology is the material world that is related to With citizen and education, citizenship is human society. Epistemology is concreteness and plurality, and its philosophy is freedom, power and virtue.The goals of citizenship education based on the documents in question are: the development of a constructive person, the development of self-expression, rationalization, moralization, the education of a tolerant person, the consolidation of power and the expansion of interpersonal relationships. Also, the principles of citizenship education based on the above documents are: spontaneity, development, expansion of thought, validation of others, heterogeneity, decentralization, sustainable interaction, and finally, the methods of citizenship education include the following: interpersonal relations, dialogue and conversation. 

Marriage satisfaction is one of the main determinants of the quality of life of each person, and marital satisfaction can predict the stability and instability of a relationship.

This research was conducted with the aim of developing a model of marital satisfaction based on marital expectations, emotional maturity and aspects of love by mediating marital conflicts in married women.

The descriptive data collection method was correlational. The current study's statistical population was comprised of all married women who referred to the community centers of Tehran in 1401, and 550 by the available sampling method people were selected from among them. In this research, Enrich's (1998) marital satisfaction tools, Miller and Tedder's (2011) expectations from married life, Singh and Bhargava's (1991) emotional maturity, Barati, and Sanai Zaker's (1375) marital conflicts, and Sternberg's love triangle (1989) were used. Structural equation modeling method and SPSS and PLS software were used for data analysis.

The findings of the research showed that marital expectations and emotional maturity and dimensions of love had a significant effect on marital satisfaction directly and indirectly due to marital conflicts (P<0.05).

Based on the research findings, marital satisfaction is influenced by marital expectations, emotional maturity, and aspects of lovemaking. It is suggested to researchers and therapists to examine marital expectations, emotional maturity and the dimensions of love and subsequent marital conflicts in preventing and planning treatment for couples.

It was based on qualitative approach and data-based method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview wich continued till reaching the theoretical saturation. The meaningful sampling was performed from 20 people of pre-marriage consultation and psycholigists in Tehran city. The analysis of interviews were led to identification of 63 open codes and 10 oriented-code and selection code and moving towards a sound and stable marriage. Based on the paradigmatic pattern of the findings, what was extracted as the effective factors of in premarital counseling is causal conditions and intervening factors played a role in a sustainable marriage. The strategies derived from this research, emphasis on the suitability and similarity of personality traits in marriage-acceptance of gender roles similarity and homogeneity of cognitive, behavioral, emotional pattern-training of skills, were the factors of preventing possible family and social damages. Among the results of this research, the individual message: conscious and correct choice. Matrimonial out com: healthy and sustainable marriage. Social consequence: Successful parenting and prevention of divarce. It can be concluded that due to the preventive nature of pre-marriage counseling, especially checking the personality characteristics of oneself and the other party, they can prevent the loss of life capital and help the continuation of marriage.

Several factors threaten marital relations and cause the couple’s intimacy to wear out, which ultimately lead the spouses to the occurrence of marital conflicts. Therefore,the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors of the formation of marital conflicts in dysfunctions in dysfunctional and un sustainable marriages.The method of this research was qualitative and the foundation data method.The study population included 20 premarital, family and couple counselors and psychologists in Tehran who had at least five years of counseling experience.The participants were and accessible sampling.The analysis of the interviews led to the identification of 4 open codes and central codes and the selected code “marital challenges and conflicts and dysfunctional and un sustainable marriage”.Data analysis showed that multifaceted factors play arole in marital conflicts. Individual factors (characteristics),communication, main family pattern and satisfaction of basic needs are among the desired factors. The strategies extracted from the research,in order to prevent marital conflicts, the main family model should be modified for this purpose, the patterns of attachment and privacy of the husband and wife system should be taken into consideration.The result obtained from the research be the personality traits of irresponsibility pessimism,aloofness,instability,dominance,lack of agreement and mutual understanding,and narcissism-communication skills(problem solving skills,lack of conflict resolution skills)play a negative role in marital interactions and cause the accumulation of unpleasant feelings,anger and helplessness impulsiveness, and as a result,marital conflicts are formed.Paying attention to personality traits and teaching practical communication skills before marriage have been effective factors on the quality of couples’ interactions.

Satisfaction with marital relations as one of the important and determining indicators in the health and strength of the family is influenced by several factors; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of marital conflicts and marital expectations in predicting satisfaction with marital relations.

The present research method was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all the married women who were referred to the health centers of the neighborhoods of Tehran in the second six months of 2022, and 120 people were selected by the available sampling method. The data collection tools included Sanai's Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2008), Bakhshodeh and Bahrami Ehsan's Marital Expectations (2012), and Inrich Favers and Elson's Marital Satisfaction (1993). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions were used with the help of SPSS version 21 software.

The results showed that the correlation between marital conflicts and marital expectations with satisfaction with marital relations was negative (p<0.01). Also, the components of marital conflicts and marital expectations had a total of 37% ability to predict changes in satisfaction with marital relations.

The results of the research show the importance of marital conflicts and marital expectations in marital counseling.

The teacher is the helmsman of education and training, due to his role and position, he is looked at with a different perspective compared to other groups in the society, he must have knowledge, skill, competence and professional commitment in order to fulfill his mission. important and dangerous (Delore, 2022). Numerous researches show that the quality of the teacher's performance is a very important factor in explaining the learning results and achievements of the educational system. Therefore, if an educational system fails to educate learners with appropriate skills and at the level of society's expectations, one of the main reasons can often be found in the quality of its teachers and trainers. When we talk about teachers' qualifications, we mean what helps them to work better and more effectively in different situations. Competence is a positive combination of knowledge, ability and willingness of a person to cope successfully and responsibly with changing conditions. Therefore, competence does not only focus on teachers' ability to achieve visible goals, but also extends to characteristics that are not yet fully apparent but may be identified in teachers' behavior. These competences cannot be communicated but must be developed. This type of competency is an internal quality that is not taught but learned. Furthermore, competence is not a finite state, but a quality that is continuously developed through practice (Warr et al., 2019).   In addition, since the education and training of students, especially students with special (exceptional) needs, is a very complex and specialized matter, there is no doubt that teachers and trainers lack the necessary professional and specialized skills for this type of training. Learners will not be able to do this task. This research was conducted by reviewing the texts, scientific documents and reviewing the subject literature with the aim of identifying and explaining the role of professional competencies of special education teachers and trainers with a focus on the mentally retarded group. The results of the surveys have been presented in the form of a set of competencies required by teachers and coaches of mentally challenged students, which include components such as positive and supportive interaction and creating hope in the child, controlling emotions and stress, attitude and skills. Facilitation in affairs, the ability to cultivate creativity, intelligent behavior along with scientific vision and cultural awareness, designing empowerment activities and timely intervention, enriching, adapting and strengthening the content and learning environment, as well as teaching communication skills, problem solving, Safety and health and defense of individual and social rights are among the most important. The topics presented can be used in the field of educational policy, evaluation of professional competence and empowerment of teachers and trainers in general and for special education teachers specifically, as well as in the design and development of curricula for disabled stude .Be used mentally..

The purpose of present study was to examine the causal relationship between Cognitive Emotion Regulation and psychological well-being, considering the mediating role of mindfulness in middle school students in Tehran.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on a sample of 352 people using a multi-stage cluster sampling method among all the second grade high school students of the district 2, Tehran province, during the academic year, in 2020-21. data were collected using Gratz & Roemer’s difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS) (2004), Ryff’s Psychological well-being inventory (2002) and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (2006). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling, with AMOS and SPSS software version 24 at a significance level of P<0.01.  

The structural model of predicting psychological well-being based on the Cognitive Emotion Regulation with the mediating role of mindfulness in students had a good fit with the collected data (P<0.01). Therefore, the cognitive emotion regulation through the mediation of mindfulness significantly explain the psychological well-being of middle school students.

Considering the positive significant relationship between psychological well-being and cognitive emotion regulation and confirming the mediating role of mindfulness, school admins can provide life skills workshops at educational environments, so by increasing the students’ level of mindfulness, enhance the possibility of using the positive skills of cognitive emotions regulation

Given the multicultural nature of Iranian society, and the multiplicity of lived ethnic experiences, the effective role of education in creating national harmony and solidarity among students of different cultures is undeniable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the place of lived ethnic experiences in the hidden curriculum of the first high school in Iran. The sampling method was purposeful and the qualitative method was phenomenological and the participants in the study included 20 teachers and 30 students from Fars, Azeri, Kurdish, Lor and Gilak in a high school in Tehran. In data analysis based on Smith method, the main themes appeared (cultural homogenization and attention to dominant culture, superficial thoughts about ethnic culture, educational inequality, alienation from cultural diversity, neglect of peaceful coexistence). Three confirmations and data referrals to participants were used to ensure the accuracy of the findings. Based on the findings of this study, it can be acknowledged that the place of lived ethnic experiences in the hidden curriculum of the first high school was unfavorable.

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of teachers about the challenges of lesson study. This qualitative study was conducted using the phenomenological method. Data collection was done via semi-structured interviews of 15 teachers who had   experiences about lesson study. The data analyzed following Strabert and Carpenter’s (2003) method. The analysis revealed four main themes including individual, content, organizational, and methodological challenges and also, 19 sub-themes including teachers’ lack of in-depth knowledge of lesson study, low motivation, teachers’ lack of interest in new methods, biased attitude towards lesson study, teachers’ low education, lack of appropriate resources, improper content organization, imitation and copying, non-native content, content theorizing, centralism, lack of facilities, lack of appropriate training in teacher training courses, organizational perspective on lesson study, lack of appropriate tools to operate lesson study, no sympathetic involvement of the teacher, lack of attention to children’s interests, ignoring the child, the use of traditional methods. According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that without taking into account the challenges related to lesson study, its implementation will not be very effective.

This study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study included all adolescent students of girls 'and boys' high schools in Isfahan in the number of 52813 people in the academic year 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were included in the main sample. Factor analysis, content validity and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The KMO value (0.892) indicated the adequacy of sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the eight factors of general wisdom, religious wisdom, emotional wisdom, human wisdom, spiritual wisdom, moral wisdom, social wisdom and scientific wisdom and special values higher than one could have been 71.494% of the variance of items. The reliability of the questionnaire in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895 and for the first factors (general wisdom) 0.756, the second factor (religious wisdom) 0.727, the third factor (emotional wisdom) 0.715, the fourth factor (human wisdom) 0.712, the fifth factor (spiritual wisdom) 0.700, the sixth factor (moral wisdom) 0.702, the seventh factor (social wisdom) 0.680 and The eighth factor (scientific wisdom) was calculated 0.672.The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. In general, the results of the validity study and the calculation of the reliability of the questionnaire and the coordination of the components with each other and with the total score, show that the questionnaire is sufficient and is a suitable tool for assessing the wisdom of adolescent students.

The present study was carried out with the aim of presenting an epistemological model of Quranic intellectual education in the elementary school. 

This research is fundamental-applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of data collection, the research method is mixed. In terms of the method of implementation, the researcher's effort is based on the use of groundedd theory method (interview with experts) and the use of descriptive survey method, which collects research information data in two qualitative and quantitative stages.The statistical community in the qualitative part of the research included education experts, and non-random purposeful sampling method was used to determine the samples, and the number of 20 people was considered as the sample size using the saturation principle. The second group of the statistical population of this research in the quantitative part included all the elementary teachers of Tehran, numbering 2522 people. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size of the quantitative part: therefore, 300 people were selected as the research sample. In general, the sampling method in this study was random cluster sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative part of this research. In the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of the theoretical coding was derived from the data theorizing method. In the quantitative section, a one sample t-test was used to answer the research questions.

The results of the analysis showed that among the 49 indicators (items) available, 11 main components can be identified. These dimensions and components include affirmative knowledge (knowledge of self, environment and skill knowledge), explanatory knowledge (individual and social spiritual knowledge), real knowledge (intuition and gradual training), and credit knowledge (heart, senses and perception). 

In order to teach thinking, elementary teachers should provide education in a gradual and step-by-step manner while creating an intuitive mechanism for students. Individual and social spiritual knowledge is also considered in this research. In this regard, it is a priority for teachers to teach values and spirituality. Recognizing the documentation of the principles of religious thinking, intelligent response to problems according to the Quranic guidelines, and predicting spiritual issues according to the Quranic guidelines are other indicators of explanatory knowledge.

The extracurricular curriculum can play an effective role in improving the curriculum. As a result, the aim of this study was to synthesis of the extracurricular curriculum components.

This study in terms of purpose was fundamental and in terms of the implementation method was qualitative from type of synthesis. The research population was 200 articles related to the extracurricular curriculum of 2000-2020, which 113 case of them were selected after the initial review with the purposeful sampling method. The research tool was note-taking of articles related to extracurricular curriculum. The data obtained from note-taking were analyzed by content analysis method.

The findings showed that were identified 53 components for the extracurricular curriculum, which the most important were include: 1. The effectiveness of extracurricular activities, 2. The effect of extracurricular activities on social development and all aspects of social skills, 3. The implementation of the principles and characteristics of extracurricular activities, 4. The reasons for not participation in extracurricular activities, 5. The effect of extracurricular activities on academic achievement, 6. The effect of cultural, social, economic and etc. factors on extracurricular activities, 7. The role of study, sports, scientific lectures and educational workshops on extra-curricular activities, 8. The programs, organizations , human resources, budget and facilities of extracurricular, 9. The coordination of activities based on desire, needs, interests and talents, 10. The providing health, raising the level of health and improving people's health and 11. The identifying the effects and values of extracurricular activities in line with the evolution of the official program.

The results of this study were identified some of the most important components of the extracurricular curriculum, which specialists and planners based on can take an effective step towards improving the design and implementation of the extracurricular curriculum.

Students' innovative and creative thinking determines important aspects of their lives; however, environmental and personality factors affecting it, have been neglected. This study was conducted with the aim of "explaining students' creativity based on spiritual vitality with the role of perfectionism".

 The research was descriptive and structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male and female students studying in the undergraduate level of architecture schools in Tehran in the academic year 2020, of which 300 students (150 girls and 150 boys) were selected by cluster random sampling method. Abedi Creativity Questionnaire, Afrooz Spiritual Joy Questionnaire and Terry Short Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential and with the necessary assumptions and with SPSS and AMOS software version 24 and at the significance level of 0.05.

Based on the results of this study, the proposed model of causal relationships between the mentioned variables had an acceptable fit. In general, in the proposed research model, the results showed that spiritual vitality is directly and indirectly related to creativity through perfectionism in students. Also, the results showed that the relationship between spiritual vitality and perfectionism is inverse and significant.

According to the results of the research, it is suggested that the authorities, by preparing programs, in addition to increasing awareness on creativity and its development stages, have a special focus on promoting students' spiritual vitality.

This research was done with the aim of designing an extracurricular curriculum for Farhangian University. The research approach was applied in terms of purpose, exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data, in terms of the nature and type of study in qualitative dimension, paradigmatic foundation data and cross-sectional survey in quantitative dimension.

A semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part, and to measure the validity of the qualitative part, according to experts, and to measure reliability, retest and intra-subject agreement methods were used. For the validity of the questionnaire, face and content validity were used and coefficients were confirmed, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the quantitative part. The data were analyzed in the qualitative part by the foundation data method and in the quantitative part by the confirmatory factor analysis test and structural equation modeling.

It showed that among the 21 existing indicators (items), 40 main categories can be identified, which include the main factors, goal, content and evaluation, effective factors including educational, technological and organizational, consequences including individual, educational, scientific-applicative and organizational.

The results showed that the extracurricular curriculum model implementation strategies can be summarized in several managerial, organizational, individual and educational factors. Also, the existing platforms including educational, organizational, attitudinal and individual factors were identified and the existing barriers including educational, management and individual barriers were reported. Finally, a model derived from the identified factors was drawn, which had good validity.

appropriate educational facilities, along with the active and motivated minds of learners, will lead to the progress of the country; Therefore, one of the important research priorities in this field is to identify and investigate the effective factors in the mental health of students, which are considered the main components of the educational system. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causal relationship between coherent self-awareness and basic psychological needs with psychological well-being with regard to the mediating role of mindfulness in middle school students of Tehran.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on a sample of 352 people, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method from among all secondary school students of the 2nd district of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-1400. Ghorbani et al.'s (2008), basic psychological needs of LaGuardia et al.'s (2000), Rief's psychological well-being (1989) and Freiburg's mindfulness (2006) questionnaires were implemented and the data were collected using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods in P>0.01 significance level was analyzed by AMOS software and SPSS version 24.

The structural model of predicting psychological well-being based on basic psychological needs and self-knowledge, with the mediation of mindfulness in students, had an acceptable and favorable fit (P<0.01); Therefore, it can be concluded that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-knowledge of coherence with the mediation of mindfulness explains psychological well-being in middle school students.

Considering the positive and meaningful relationship of psychological well-being with basic psychological needs and coherent self-knowledge and confirming the mediating role of mindfulness in this process and the importance of psychological well-being in nurturing and improving the academic performance of students, paying attention to the level of mindfulness and satisfying the basic psychological needs of students in schools It is very important and it is recommended that schools organize programs in their work program to improve the level of self-awareness of students and to familiarize and apply more concepts such as mindfulness, and to plan educational environments in a way that can meet the basic needs of students.

Considering the diversity of ethnicities and the multiplicity of ethnic lived experiences in Iran, the influential role of education in official curricula and content of books and giving ethnic identity to students of different cultures is undeniable.The purpose of this study was to investigate the multicultural components in the official curriculum of the first year of high school in Iran. This descriptive research included documentary analysis and Shannon entropy content analysis. The content analysis unit was text, pictures and textbook activities. By purposeful sampling method, the sample included the content of 3 volumes of social studies books of the first secondary school (7th, 8th, 9th) with 554 pages. To evaluate validity in the opinion of experts, and Scott's pi method was used to evaluate the reliability. Based on the findings, only 6% of the three parts of the content of the reviewed books paid attention to the desirable components of ethnicity. Shannon's entropy analysis showed that component 21 (paying attention to the common national identity of the ethnic groups) with 31 items has the highest frequency and the least amount is component 8 (preventing prejudice about certain ethnicities and cultures) component 14 (paying attention to the concept of peace and friendship) with the frequency was 7.The findings show that the position of multicultural components in the official curriculum of the first secondary school is largely neglected and needs to be revised.

The aim of this study was to design a financial literacy curriculum model for elementary school students. To this aim, the qualitative method was used for analysis. In addition, 12 professors and specialists in the field of curriculum planning and primary education, economics and finance of Tehran universities with the academic rank of associate professor and professor were interviewed in 2020. And external audit method was used to determine the validity of the findings. The proposed model was designed consisting of five factors including curriculum context, objectives, content, method and characteristics of learners, and its theoretical basis is "Tyler rationale". The results of this study was the design of a valid curriculum model for teaching financial literacy to elementary school students, which has 21 characteristics as objectives, 26 characteristics for content, 19 characteristics for teaching methods and 8 characteristics for curriculum evaluation methods. The designed template can guide the process of planning, implementing and evaluating the curriculum.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of ethnicity and lived ethnic experiences of junior school students in the formal-hidden curriculum of Iran's academic year in 2019-2020.The research method in the first part of documentary analysis and qualitative content analysis with 3 volumes of social studies book including 553 pages.Content Analysis Unit;Text-Images and activities.The second part of the qualitative and phenomenological research method was purposeful sampling of participants including 30 students (persian-Azeri-Kurd-Lor-gilak) and 20 teachers.Student journal and informal interview were also used. Findings show that only 6% of the three sections of the examined content pay attention to the desirable components of ethnicity, which is very undesirable in the formal curriculum.In the analysis of information,cultural assimilation, superficial thoughts about ethnic culture, educational inequality, cultural diversity alienism,neglect of peaceful coexistence appeared, overall, it can be acknowledged that the position of ethnicity in the hidden curriculum was not desirable

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health of primary school students in Corona pandemic with emphasis on health literacy. The research method is applied based on the purpose and based on the nature and method of the research, the quality is thematic analysis (content network) and cross-sectional in terms of data collection time. The statistical population includes all mothers with children in primary school living in Qom at the time of coronavirus outbreak. To determine the samples of this research, purposive sampling method and snowball method (up to theoretical saturation) have been used. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. Theme analysis or theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings from the interview were extracted and classified into 7 main themes and 25 sub-themes. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid 19 disease with psychological problems such as (behavioral and emotional problems, self-regulation problems, anxiety and fear, problems related to coping and coping strategies, experience of misbehavior and emotional harassment, depressed mood and stress ) Has been associated with the children studied. The prevalence of coronavirus affects the mental health of children and its serious effects on various aspects of their personal, family, social, educational life are evident, and illiteracy is a threat to mental health and disrupts social health.

This research has been done with the aim of designing a curriculum of extracurricular activities for Farhangian University. In the course of the research, the qualitative approach and the data method of the foundation (grounded theory) have been used. For this purpose, the data were collected and analyzed by the qualitative data method of the foundation. The number of participants included 20 specialists and experts in the field of curriculum and sociology and professors of Farhangian University who were purposefully selected. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using Strauss-Corbin coding method. The validity of the present study was determined using the Lavsh factor and its reliability was determined by the Holsti coefficient. The Holstie coefficient was 0.99 and this indicates the validity of the data of the present study. Findings showed that the curriculum model of Farhangian University extracurricular activities includes 5 dimensions, 27 components and 239 indicators. Among the components of this model educational content, skilled content, functional content, professional activities, teacher-centered activities and collaborative activities, types of extracurricular and extracurricular design, observation-based, skill-based and written evaluation, as well as strategies such as cultural programs and facilities and equipment and training-oriented activities, complementary activities, interest- oriented activities, timing management of cultural activities, extra-curricular position and extra-curricular space.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of marital boredom based on attachment styles in married people: with a mediating role of differentiation.

In terms of the applied purpose of the research, the research design was descriptive and the type of correlation was modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all young married men and women between the ages of 20-35 who referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Tehran using the sampling method available to 480 people (289 females, 191 males) as a sample were chosen. Data were collected using the Pinner Marital Boredom Scale (1996), the Scorne and Friedlander (1998) Differentiation Questionnaire, and the Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (1990).

The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between marital differentiation and boredom, Also, differentiation has a negative relationship with insecure attachment styles (ambiguous / avoidant) and on the other hand has a positive and significant relationship with insecure attachment style and has a mediating role in the relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital boredom.

Considering the relationship between attachment styles and marital boredom and also considering the mediating role of differentiation in the relationship between marital attachment and boredom styles, it is concluded that paying attention to these two variables in premarital interventions and couples counselors and family psychologists in preventing Injuries to a couple's relationship are effective