مهدی سعیدی

Teachers play a crucial role in the educational environment, serving as the backbone of educational systems worldwide. The quality of education relies heavily on teachers, highlighting the importance of effective teacher training for improvement. This research aims to explore the competencies of effective primary school teachers from the perspectives of both teachers and students.

This qualitative study utilized an interpretive paradigm and theoretical sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 primary school teachers and 18 students in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Initial codes were generated, followed by focused coding to identify more frequent and comprehensive codes. Ultimately, research categories were extracted through constant comparative analysis.

The findings identified three main categories of personality competencies, environmental perception competencies, and professional competencies are effective aspects of a teacher's existence.

The study shows that students value teachers' caring and supportive qualities, while teachers prioritize scientific and technical skills. This research suggests a need to reassess teacher training methods.

Urban tourism infrastructure plays a crucial role in developing the tourism industry. The optimization and proper management of these infrastructures enhance the overall experience for tourists and contribute to extending their stay at the destination. Sanandaj, recognized as the city of creative music and the Nowruz capital of the world, is one of the most popular tourist areas in Kurdistan Province, attracting many domestic and international tourists annually, especially during the Nourooz holiday period. However, the tourism infrastructure in Sanandaj has not been successful in effectively attracting and retaining tourists. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of urban tourism infrastructure on the retention of Nowruz tourists in Sanandaj. Given the applied nature of the research, a mixed-methods approach (quantitative-qualitative) was employed. To this end, questionnaires consisting of 22 items on a five-point Likert scale were distributed among tourists during Nowruz 2024. The statistical population of this study includes tourists in Sanandaj, with a total population of 1,774,767 individuals. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated to be 384 participants, and to increase the accuracy of the analyses, a total of 410 questionnaires were distributed. Simple random sampling was also employed. The collected data were analyzed using multiple regression models in SPSS software. Additionally, in order to identify existing issues within the city, semi-structured interviews were conducted with tourists and performed face-to-face. The study results indicate that urban tourism infrastructure, particularly historical and cultural sites with a coefficient of influence of 0.316, plays a vital role in attracting and increasing the retention of Nowruz tourists in Sanandaj. In this regard, it is recommended that city managers strengthen and optimize these infrastructures, along with improving transportation and road conditions, to enhance the experience and satisfaction of tourists, ultimately leading to their extended stay in the city.

Trust is one of the foundations of legitimacy and stability of political systems and affects people's reactions. On the other hand, life satisfaction can also increase the legitimacy of political regimes and strengthen democracy. The global ranking indicates that our country is not in a right place in terms of institutional trust. The amount of this type of trust has faced a significant decrease in ten years (2013-2023). We are also ranked 84th in terms of the global ranking of the quality of life. Therefore, one of the challenges we are facing is a decrease in institutional trust and the citizens' quality of life. Thus, the purpose of the current research is to explain the relationship between institutional trust and quality of life. The data of this study was collected from the world value survey (wave 7) and data processing was done using the structural equation method. The results indicate that the research hypothesis based on the effect of institutional trust on the citizens' quality of life is confirmed and institutional trust explains 22.9% of the variance of the quality of life variable.

The basis of any transformation in society is defined in relation to the degree of transformation of the educational system. In this context, the teaching quality of the teacher, as the fundamental axis of development and progress, is considered the basis of transformation in education. For this purpose, the training of effective and efficient teachers is the starting point and one of the essentials of fundamental transformation.The problems of today's world demand authentic education from the teacher, but what we call "human education" does not always have the same meaning or occur at the same level. Perhaps the treatment of humans is similar to that of trained and domesticated animals, in that they are burdened without reaching the level of understanding and thinking, as if they are used as tools to achieve specific goals. With all this, we can truly talk about the education of man to reveal his human essence. From this perspective, true education is about drawing a person towards high human values so that he understands, accepts, loves, and uses those values. Thus, the transformation of a human being into a human depends on education, which means turning to true values.Therefore, this study seeks to understand what education is in the perceptual space of new teachers. Through this analysis, we hope to provide suggestions for policymakers and curriculum planners. Additionally, the results of this study can expand the attitudinal and intellectual dimensions of teachers as the most important level in the realization of reforms. Research Question: What is the understanding of new elementary school teachers about the concept of education?

This is a qualitative research study with a phenomenological design, conducted to critically analyze the understanding of new elementary school teachers about the concept of education. The research population in this study consisted of 15 individuals (7 women and 8 men) who were new teachers. The tool for collecting information in the present study was a semi-structured interview. The analysis of data was conducted using the Colaizzi method. Additionally, to achieve validity, four methods—credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability—were employed.

Based on the Colaizzi coding method, after compiling all the interviews, the findings were first categorized into codes. Then, by re-refining the findings, subcategories were obtained. To reduce the amount of data and provide a background for the meaningful concepts of the participants, subcategories were developed through constant comparative analysis. In the last step, the main category of participants' perceptions was calculated to identify the main dimensions of their understanding. The findings showed six ideas: religious education, ethical education, citizen-oriented education, conscious education, modern education, and discipleship education as subcategories. Finally, the main category of “Confusion in Theory - Anarchy in Practice” represents the understanding of new teachers regarding the concept of education. Discussion and Conclusions Various views, sometimes inconsistent with the real flow and original meaning of education, can be seen in the minds of new teachers; each of these views can lead to various speech and actions in the classroom. The fact is that we cannot expect correct methods of education from disturbed minds. If we accept that, in determining the teacher's educational policy, a kind of personal philosophy of education is formed in the teacher's existence, which may guide and determine the path of education, then we must consider the implications of incorrect ideas. If incorrect ideas exist in their minds, we can imagine the dangers that threaten the young generation of a country in the practical field of the classroom. Based on the findings of the present study, a lack of understanding of the meaning of real education may cause what is actually a means to be considered a goal in educational activities, halting growth along the way. Another idea of this study1 is to avoid simplistic thinking about the concept and practice of education. To prevent this damage, the subject of teacher training, both before and after starting teaching, requires a thorough and comprehensive approach

Based on the important idea that art and its aesthetic values have significant potential for the holistic development of students in education, this research was conducted to explore the role and practical dimensions of art and aesthetics in schools, focusing on Rudolf Steiner's perspective in Waldorf schools. The research method was document analysis. The research data was collected using purposeful sampling from the works of Steiner and other authors, based on the criteria of the aesthetic foundations of the documents. The measurement tool was a data collection form. Documentary data were examined qualitatively. The findings of the research indicate that Steiner, by criticizing the soulless education of the modern era, believes that we are witnessing specific and predetermined frameworks in our mechanical and standardized lives. The modern perception of the world is overly focused on a one-sided view of this world and the separation of the existential dimensions of humanity. In this transformation of worldview, imaginative, dynamic, and visual modes of thinking have gradually disappeared with the evolution of consciousness, and almost analytical and logical frameworks have been realized. Therefore, Steiner considers art and its aesthetic dimensions as a fundamental factor for the unity with spiritual life, aiming to restore meaning to life. Although artist-centered activities in Steiner's approach are interwoven in a network, in this research, two concepts of imagination and holistic perspective on the existential dimensions of human beings were examined. Therefore, this research holds signs for reconsidering the role and position of art in the traditional approach to education. Additionally, greater familiarity with the Waldorf method, besides providing lessons in the development and improvement of art-centered education, can be valuable in innovative rethinking of our forgotten spiritual and artistic treasures.

Tourism activities have wide-ranging effects in various fields, and their development relies on various factors. In small cities within deprived areas, inadequate urban facilities and infrastructure are significant barriers to reaching optimal tourism levels, leading to limitations and problems. The success of tourism development programs and the achievement of their goals depends on the presence of favorable economic, social, infrastructural, and environmental conditions. In cities lacking these favorable conditions, tourism does not flourish. Small cities, in particular, experience reduced tourism dynamics due to fewer and more limited infrastructure services compared to larger cities. Delbaran, is a small city in Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. This city is an example of not having a dynamic tourism sector despite attractions like the nearby Babagargar Spring, vineyards, religious events such as Haleem cooking, and access to Ali-Sadr Cave. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the obstacles to tourism development in Delbaran city and its surrounding areas and present sustainable approaches for tourism development in small cities.

The study is applied research focused on identifying the obstacles to tourism development in Delbaran City and proposing strategic solutions. A mixed-method approach (quantitative and qualitative) was employed to collect, process, and analyze data. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze relationships between research variables via Smart PLS software. Initially, a field survey was conducted by the jihadi problem-solving group of Iran’s National Elites Foundation (INEF) of Kurdistan Province to gather data on problems and limitations related to the tourism industry in Delbaran and its sphere of influence. Then, the problems and limitations were categorized into three categories: inefficiency of the economic system, weakness of infrastructures (communication and services), and weakness of socio-cultural structures. In the second step, the relationships between the problems and obstacles to tourism development were determined based on the theoretical knowledge of tourism to form the conceptual and structural model. In the third step, a Likert scale questionnaire was used to score and examine the status of the issues related to the stagnation of tourism in Delbaran City and its sphere of influence. Local elites aware of the issues in the studied city and region participated in the survey.

The results reveal a significant relationship between the “weakness of infrastructures” and “inefficiency of the economic system” factors, accounting for 94% of the stagnation in tourism activities. The inefficiency of the economic system and weak infrastructures had effect sizes of 0.401 and 0.394, respectively. While infrastructure weaknesses had a slightly smaller direct effect on tourism stagnation than economic inefficiency, its indirect effect (0.311) made it the most critical variable influencing tourism dynamics. Based on the relationships between the problems and obstacles to tourism development, three priority approaches were recommended: 1. Improvement and development of communication and service infrastructures; 2. Enhancement of the economic system; and 3. Empowerment of socio-cultural structures. Executive policies for each strategy were also proposed to achieve sustainable tourism development.

Many studies have mentioned tourism as an important factor influencing the economic situation in countries, but to harness its full potential, a detailed and fundamental approach is necessary to identify and address all relevant aspects. In this context, while tourism has various positive impacts across different sectors, it is also affected by economic, social, political, and other conditions. If environmental, economic, social, political, and infrastructural conditions are lacking, tourism activities will not achieve the intended positive outcomes. In small cities within deprived areas, inadequate service infrastructures and facilities hinder dynamic and prosperous tourism. The research findings highlight two key issues: 1. In deprived areas, many small cities with valuable attractions struggle to utilize their existing potential due to factors that obstruct tourism development; and 2. The second issue stresses the influence of these factors, indicating that challenges related to communication and service infrastructures not only have direct effects on tourism activities but also indirectly weaken them.

The intensification of everyday life and the reduction of social life in the current era have made it necessary to pay attention to the optimal foundation for the presence of different groups in urban spaces. Public spaces are a key factor for economic growth and development. They are of particular importance considering social and environmental aspects, and changes and control of their future conditions require comprehensive and complete evaluation and analysis. In this regard, using future research methods to provide flexible strategies with the help of scenario writing is very helpful. Aerospace Park located in the 21st district of Tehran, despite considering the national and macro scale and defining social activities, lacks a suitable sociable space. This article, with a practical purpose, uses the PESTEL model platform to explain the dimensions and factors of sociability and by using the future research method, it examines the compilation of the sociability scenarios of the aerospace park using the scenario wizard and identifies 24 key factors through the analysis of mutual effects. And their possible situations have been examined. The output scenarios are: 3 scenarios with high compatibility, 23 with weak compatibility and 17 with incompatible scenarios; Among these three scenarios, one scenario should include favorable and ideal conditions (the leading scenario) for the future socialization of the National Aerospace Park.

of the city center, the need to make urban routes pedestrian-oriented in these areas of the cities is felt; at the same time, many pedestrian development projects face new challenges in urban development after implementation. One of these issues is paying attention to the "concept of place" in the creation of pedestrian-oriented routes in the course of their place-making. Therefore, the current research aims to forecast the location indicators before the implementation of the sidewalk in urban routes. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative with a structural-interpretive approach. In the first stage, the presentation of location indicators from among the location models was discussed in combination with finding the location indicators of sidewalks in previous studies using the VOS viewer method. Then, using the Delphi method and Micmac structural analysis, it was shown that the indicators of links, spatial connectivity and readability are the most influential direct variables and event variables, the diversity of strata and the presence of tourists are the most influential components in the future of street pavement construction. Takhti, Shariati, Shohada and Baba-Taher are in Hamedan city. The findings show the relationship between spatial and physical structure factors and their impact on social factors. Also, the results indicate that in the analysis of the spatial structure by means of Space Syntax, Shariati Street has a higher number of readability that comes from the relationship between the values of integrity and connection; It has better conditions to be pedestrian-oriented from the "concept of place" dimension than the other three streets.

Religious tourism is one of the types of tourism that the number of people interested in it increases yearly. Every year, many Iranian pilgrims travel to the borders of Iran from different parts of the country to participate in the Hosseini Arbaeen ceremony which affects the border cities of the border provinces. Therefore, the present research was conducted to investigate the economic impact of this ceremony on the border cities.

This research is of applied developmental type and has used quantitative and qualitative approaches in the process of measuring and explaining the findings, collecting information from the library and field method (questionnaire), and using the structural equation model to determine the relationships between variables and the degree of influence between They have been used. The statistical population of the research is 400 residents of border cities (Qasarshirin and Mehran) who have been working in tourism-related jobs.

The results of the structural equation model show that during the years of holding the Hosseini Arbaeen ceremony, the government's actions could not be a driving force and incentive in synchronizing and aligning the practical and executive actions of local businesses related to tourism in the border cities, and also the pilgrims did not use the facilities of the border cities. And they have not played an influential role in the development of this province.

The result of the research indicates that the potential of pilgrims attending the magnificent Arbaeen Hosseini ceremony for economic changes in the border cities has not been sufficiently exploited and the changes in the border cities are caused by the actions of governmental and quasi-governmental institutions.

The problem of this research is to propose the role and function of war literature in providing documents for social analysis and policies. For this reason, he shows examples of this function of the literary text in the three topics of "social status of people in southern cities", "consolidation or threat of national identity" and "women". In order to investigate the issue, some examples of stories that deal with these issues have been selected from among the statistical population of war novels, and the content of their narratives in the face of social issues related to the mentioned issues has been counted. The research shows how the narrative of the war has been able to chronicle the daily encounter of the people of southern cities with the social issues caused by the war, and from this point of view, the expert audience gets to know all kinds of problems and social issues caused by the war and solve the problems. And social policies take advantage of it. In the selected narratives, social transformations and instability in the foundations of families due to war, social relations between people and people with the government, displacement and migration due to war and its social consequences for displaced people and destination cities, attitudes towards women and ethnic identities and their impact It stands out from the war.

Among the issues raised in the field of the language of religion and the Qur'an is the meaningfulness, knowledge-giving, and objective referentiality of the Qur'anic propositions. These topics were first discussed regarding the holy texts of Judeo-Christian, then its scope was extended to the language of the Quran by some contemporary intellectuals. Ayatollah Javadi Amoli is one of the contemporary commentators who tried to answer new questions about the language of the Qur'an. In this article, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli's view on the language of the Qur'an has been explained by referring to some challenging aspects of the language of religion in the Western world, using an analytical-descriptive method. The findings of the research show that contrary to the claims that consider the language of religion and the Qur'an to be devoid of meaning and knowledge, in the eyes of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, the language of religion and the Qur'an is based on extra-religious evidence such as: the proof of truth, the proof of guidance, the inadequacy of the standard of verifiability and internal proofs. Religious like the positive and negative states of the Qur'an, the purposes of the Qur'an and the method of the Qur'an in expressing knowledge and stories, Thiqlain tradition are meaningful, enlightening and of objective referentiality.

Children's physical activity and mobility are pivotal for their overall health. This study, conducted in Mashhad City, Iran, explores children's perspectives on environmental characteristics that impact physical mobility and activity.

Theoretical Framework:

Utilizing a theoretical framework comprising 28 measures, this research aims to unveil the environmental features within neighborhoods contributing to the improvement of children's physical mobility and activity.

To accomplish this, the present study collected the perspectives of 450 children aged 9 to 13 (43.8% girls and 56.2% boys) regarding a specific set of these attributes within Mashhad City, Iran. Utilizing exploratory factor analysis, a model was constructed based on the children's responses to the survey measures.

This model identifies seven factors and 24 measures influencing the mobility and physical activity of children in their neighborhoods: 

Parents' Approval: 

Encompasses measures associated with "parents' permission and concern" and reflects "children's desire for independence and agency." Results suggest that parental concern about the autonomous presence of their children in neighborhood spaces significantly inhibits the children's mobility and independent activities.

Walking Path: 

Associated with measures conveying the concepts of "optimal and joyful mobility on paths," this factor emphasizes features like adequate width and appropriate flooring. The potential for 'playing along the route from home to school' is crucial for children's mobility. According to children, this pathway serves not only as a route for the essential journey to school but also should provide opportunities for social and optional activities, including play and enjoyment.

Social Security:

Linked to measures reflecting 'the sense of security regarding strangers and bullies' in neighborhoods. An interesting result is the association of "creating a pleasant atmosphere such as colored sidewalks" with social security. Children believe that the use of specific colors on sidewalks not only provides a fun atmosphere but also establishes spaces for local socialization, consequently reducing the threat of bullying and outsiders.

Environmental Affordance: 

Associated with activities reflecting children’s physical abilities, such as climbing trees and running in open spaces without obstacles. The results indicate that children test these capabilities through movement and exploration of their surroundings. Additionally, the inclusion of "night lighting" as a measure in this factor suggests a preference among children for exploratory play during the night.

Legibility: 

Aligned with Lynch's theory of legibility, this factor involves measures related to way-finding by architectural elements. The findings indicate that children use 'buildings' and 'stores on the ground floor' as landmarks for navigation in their neighborhoods.

Diverse Environment for Exploration: 

Associated with measures representing attractive routes, various play equipment, and nature connectedness. Children's positive assessment of the existence of winding paths in the neighborhood indicates that engaging in exploratory activities along these paths can increase their mobility in their community. Furthermore, integrating a variety of natural elements and play equipment in their neighborhood can enhance children's movement and exploration, making the experience deeper and more enjoyable.

Mobility Safety: 

The final factor is associated with measures indicating safe mobility in neighborhoods. In addition to the fear of a car accident, children's desire for age/gender-appropriate play equipment highlights their concern for their physical safety. The results indicate that inappropriate play equipment and car traffic have the least impact on children's mobility in their neighborhoods.

Interventions targeting these factors can significantly enhance children's mobility experiences, promoting not only physical activity but also social interaction and a deeper connection with their surroundings. The recurring theme of children's desire for playful activities emphasizes a fundamental need for quality movement and physical activities.

Social harm is any individual or collective behavior that does not fit within the framework of moral principles and rules of formal and informal collective action of the society and entails legal prohibition or moral and social obscenity. The reduction and management of social harms in the first place requires the development and approval of appropriate laws and policies that are appropriate to the cultural, social and geographical context of each region, Indubitably, the approval of laws and regulations on the one hand requires understanding the conditions of the status quo and culture and norms of the society. On the other, it requires creating and developing favorable conditions in managing and reducing damages. In the legislative and executive structure of Iran, despite the approval of various laws and the assignment of various tasks to the responsible institutions, there has not been significant success in this field, as it should be, and beyond that, we have also stagnated in some cases. The lack of a specific plan or any strategy has not only created problems in the field of legislation, but has also created many implementation problems, including parallel actions of the responsible institutions. Taking advantage of the field research and library research method, the present study analyzes the legislative and executive actions of the institutions responsible for social harms in structural and formal arena.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between structure and agency in the theory of the human as an agent and its educational implications for childhood.

For this purpose, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach and Analytic-Deductive method in three specific steps. First, the components of the concepts of agency and structure in the theory of the human as an agent were analyzed and described. Then, the relationship between structure and agency was deduced in a systematic framework. Finally, based on the analysis, educational and practical implications were presented for the management of early childhood.

Based on the philosophical concern of the theory of man as an agent, the components of agency included (will, etc.) and the components of structure were discovered in two internal and external parts.Regarding the dual relationship of agency-structure, neglecting the causes of human agency and accepting his inaction and unwillingness in the face of structures on the one hand and unjustified emphasis on the role of structures on the other, there are two sides of the spectrum that we have to turn from.Therefore, interactionism means a middle ground between the extreme edges of the spectrum.For this purpose, in this theory, the concept of "selection and choice of agent" is used the most.

Finally, based on the lack of agency in childhood, adopting the idea of a child as a pseudo-agent and considering childhood as a period of transition to agency, the proposed implications can be preparations for the growth and development of the bases of agency for adulthood.

The study of soil property variability over time in forest stands to determine the optimal age range for various management purposes is a research topic that has received limited attention in Iran. This research aimed to investigate the changes in soil carbon storage according to age in reforested stands of Acer velutinum in the Neka-Zalemroud forests. Three age groups were selected: 10-20, 20-30, and 30-40 years. Statistical analysis was conducted using 20 × 20 m sample plots and a systematic-random method with 50 × 50 m grid dimensions. Five soil samples (in the center and square of the sample plot) were taken from the surface soil (0-15 cm) in each age class studied. The results showed that among the physical characteristics, the highest soil moisture (37.33%) was found in the 30-40 year age group, and the highest bulk density  (2.17 grams per cubic centimeter) was found in the 10-20 year age group. Upon examining the chemical characteristics of the soil, it was found that apart from acidity and electrical conductivity, the rest of the characteristics had significant differences influenced by the age of the stand. The highest amounts of absorbable phosphorus (7.81 mg/kg), total nitrogen (0.35%), and organic carbon (6.1%) were found in the 30-40 year old stand, and the highest amount of absorbable potassium (638.91 mg/kg) was found in the 10-20 year old stand. The carbon sequestration study showed that the 30-40-year-old stand had the greatest ability among the stands, with 305.89 tons of carbon sequestered per hectare. Therefore, based on the optimal age of carbon storage (30-40 years) for reforested Acer velutinum, the results of this research can be prescribed for different management purposes.

The purpose of the present study was to discover and validate the application of the components of Rudolf Steiner's educational perspective in the primary school curriculum. This study benefits from an exploratory sequential mixed methods design. The research community of the qualitative section has been all of Steiner's available writings in the field of education, and in the quantitative section, were curriculum planning specialists, who were purposefully selected. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative part data and confirmatory factor analysis was used in the quantitative part. The results of the qualitative part indicated the identification of 30 basic themes, 6 organizing themesand one Global theme. The organizing themes include epistemology, three-dimensional "I", holistic and evolutionary view of humans, the correspondence between the existential dimensions of man and existence, the spiritual existence of man and its importance and the evolutionary process of consciousness. The quantitative part also showed the high validity of the mentioned model. Based on the results, in the curriculum of the elementary school, the anthropological view in education, using the dimensions and capacities of art and paying attention to the spiritual aspects of human education in creating harmony with existence has validity.

migration literature has emerged in three specific streams with certain limits. In the first decade, fiction writing is dominated by political topics and concepts. With the end of the war, the political, social and economic atmosphere in Iran changes and Iran's foreign relations also expand. The changes in Iran also affect the situation of immigrant writers and their relationship with Iran. Disappointed with politics and returning to their motherland, they redefine their presence in another land where they have to live.In rethinking the new situation, immigrants search for themselves again and discover a new life between two countries, two cultures and two languages. They understand the separation from the culture and relations of their homeland and the sense of alienation enters their psychological life and they are in the position of recognizing, accepting or rejecting the new world and searching for the past. For this reason, the frequency of political elements decreases in fiction writing, and politics is gradually pushed to the sidelines and background, and many writers experience writing on other subjects as well, and their stories clearly find a social aspect.And in them, instead of politics, there are signs of past sadness and nostalgia for the homeland. The literary text also changes. Literary construction, new language, form, pictures and images, especially in the deepest layers of the text, leave a tremendous impact, and from the heart of the current of political fiction writing, a new current is born, the theme of which is issues for identity thinking.

Jawbone involvement and destructive bone lesions in the mandible and maxilla are reported in 30% of patients with multiple myeloma. In general, plasma cell neoplasia rarely occurs in the maxillofacial area, and an incidence of 2.6-3.3 per 100,000 people is reported for solitary plasmacytoma in jawbones. This study aims to present and evaluate a patient with multiple myeloma and the first symptoms in the maxillofacial area.

The patient was a 52 years old woman complaining of painful swelling in the left area of the face that had enlarged during the last month. She was referred to the maxillofacial disease department of the Dental School of Mashhad, Iran in Feb 2022. The patient has had paresthesia in the left area of the face since 6 months ago. In the extra-oral examination, a 4×10 cm mass was observed in the left mandibular angle extending anteriorly toward the sublingual area. The oral mucosa was normal. According to the clinical profile, malignancy was considered a differential diagnosis. Incisional biopsy of the lesion revealed the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells. The positive result of immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD138, performed on the specimen to confirm plasmacytoma and detection of small primary lytic lesions in the skull and spine confirmed multiple myeloma. The usual symptoms of multiple myeloma, including low back pain, were not observed. The patient underwent chemotherapy under the supervision of a hematologist.

Jawbone involvement is often less mentioned as the first symptom of multiple myeloma; however, compared to the vertebral column or skull lesions, these areas are easily biopsied, providing the possibility of early detection and treatment of multiple myeloma, hence a promising disease prognosis. The concurrence of destructive bone lesions and sensory changes in the maxillofacial area is a red flag. Precise radiographic evaluation and blood tests can help early detect multiple myeloma. Awareness of general dentists about the possibility of blood dyscrasia such as multiple myeloma with such early symptoms in patients can lead to early diagnosis of patients. This report reminds inexperienced clinicians of the special importance of sensory changes in the head and neck.

Among the controversial issues in the field of the language of religion and the Qur'an is the realism/unrealism of the language of the stories of the Qur'an. The unreality of the language of Qur'anic stories has been proposed by some new thinkers including Muhammad Ahmad Khalafullah. In this analytical-descriptive article, while pointing to the unrealistic approach to the language of religion and the historical statements of religious texts in the Western world, Baroosh has explained the point of view of Muhammad Ahmed Khalfullah, and then based on the interpretive opinions of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, this point of view has been evaluated. The findings of the research are that Khalafullah's point of view is in conflict with rational arguments such as the proof of miracles (away from disagreement and contradiction) and also in conflict with the explicitness of some verses of the Qur'an. In addition to the fact that the stories of the Qur'an in the language of the Qur'an are characterized by some negative and positive attributes (such as the description of truth) which negate the claims of Khalafullah in the unrealization of the stories of the Qur'an and the appearance in their realization.

The various forces and facilities of a creative city like Sanandaj, are provided by developing and applying the city's capabilities, which lead to urban development in various dimensions. Moreover, the creative city of Sanandaj has been active for a long time in the field of culture and art, especially music, and has been globally registered in the last few years. However, Sanandaj’s operation is far from the optimal level and the scope of its activities is not extensive at the international level. The shortcomings in parts of its socio-cultural structures, may lead to the reduction of the utilization of this creative city’s capabilities. Therefore, the present study aims to explain the practical proposals for the development of Sanandaj as a creative city in musical field, by investigating the performance of the socio-cultural components and the factors stimulating and developing it. This research is an applied type in which the one-sample t-test and regression model are used to examine and analyze the data. The results indicate that Sanandaj, as a creative, and musical city, has an acceptable and proper performance according to most of the observable indicators of the following socio-cultural structure components including the ability and talent of human capital, socio-cultural diversity, stimulating social capital, and tourism attractions. Indicators with proper performance are related to human and social capital as well as the identity of Sanandaj city, which have created stimulators and macro-trends influencing the development of artistic affairs and activities, and have paved the way for the formation of Sanandaj as a creative city of music, despite of the presence of various constraints. To enhance the qualities and quantities related to the hosting of Sanandaj city in the process of holding events, as well as for its future expansion and development as a creative city of music, it is required to prioritize the following actions in the plans: to enhance the desirability of tourist attractions, to promote the activities of elites, scholars, and local celebrities, to support social media and the activities of scientific associations and centers, to promote individual and social freedoms, and to pave the way for the music production.

This research aimed to investigate the possible challenges of the national curriculum for student' ethnic identity. This study used a qualitative approach based on grounded theory with a systematic approach. Data were collected by semi deep interview. Selection of the participants was purposive and attempted to apply the rules of maximum variety and saturation points. Samples were selected according to the nature and characteristics of the participants based on the snowball method. The interview was conducted with teachers who have teaching experience in rural areas and curriculum experts and sociologists. Interview were analyzed based on grounded theory and the open and axial coding methods were used. In the open coding the concepts were related to each other and the initial categories were determined, and in the axial coding central categories were achieved by continuous comparison of the raw data. The analysis of teachers' interview revealed the final political-educational strategies of the education, and the analysis of the experts' interview revealed the Multi-authored policy of the main category.

identities and Iranian identity has been on the border between alignment, contradiction, conflict and rupture. Political and social narratives of the issue of Iranian identity and its elements are effective in weakening or strengthening this relationship. Among the three nationalistic, modern, postmodern and historical narratives, it is the only historical narrative that pays attention to the maximum consolidation and unity of Iran and Iranians by avoiding excess and exaggeration in explaining the problem. Ebrahim Yunsi, a political activist, translator and writer of Iranian Kurdish descent, is the author of several works in Persian. Some of what he translated is about Kurdish cultural and political history and contemporary political events. In the introduction or footnote of most of the translations, he pays attention to the relationship between Kurds and Iran, and in a way of Focusing on identity between Kurds and Iran, he establishes an aligned and consistent relationship. Also, in his works, he criticizes the opinion of writers who have highlighted some of the elements of ethnic identity in order to weaken Iranian identity, or who believe in the distinction and separation between ethnic identity and Iranian identity. He is especially aware of the role and function of the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, in spite of his primary political affiliation or contrary to what some political parties think, he believes that there is an equal relationship between the Kurdish language and the Persian language. Therefore, he uses the Persian language to write and tries to increase the richness of the Persian language and its lexical and cultural treasure in his works by using a lot of words and what is Kurdish knowledge and language. In this article, by analyzing the introductions of the translations and paying attention to the linguistic issues of the stories, this aspect of the identity in opinion of Ebrahim Yunsi has been discussed.

Continuous improvement of organizational performance creates a huge synergistic force that can support the growth and development program and create opportunities for organizational excellence. Governments, organizations and institutions are making a concerted effort in this regard. The present research is an applied research in terms of the type of purpose and in terms of the nature of a descriptive-analytical method, in terms of the method of documentary-survey implementation. Data collection and analysis have a mixed research method. The results showed that in the analysis of structural models using the partial least squares approach, the coefficient of determination index or the same coefficient of explanation (R2) is used for the ability of independent variables to predict dependent variables, or in other words the ability of regression model. In other words, the basic criterion for evaluating the endogenous variables of the path model is the coefficient of determination. This index shows what percentage of the changes in the endogenous variable (dependent) are made by the exogenous variable (independent). In this regard, the values ​​of 0.67, 0.33 and 0.19 for endogenous (dependent) latent variables in the structural path model (internal) are described as significant, moderate and weak, respectively, but if the latent variable is affected by a small number ( One or two) exogenous variables; The average values ​​of the coefficient of determination are also acceptable.