مهدی سلیمی

The present study aimed to design a development model for green management in sports venues and facilities based on grounded theory.

The research was conducted using the grounded theory method. The research population included university faculty members in the fields of sports management and environmental studies, as well as senior managers of sports venues and facilities. The sampling, consisting of 15 individuals, was selected purposefully using the snowball sampling method based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. To assess validity, four criteria were used: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. To assess reliability, inter-subject agreement was employed, which was 0.91.

The findings indicated that attention to causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, phenomena, and strategies presented in the research model leads to significant outcomes such as cultural improvement, increased international credibility, financial improvement, infrastructure enhancement, social status improvement, and the preservation of natural resources.

It is recommended that the results and the model presented in the present study, which include causal conditions, context, intervening conditions, phenomena, and strategies, be used for the development of green management in sports venues and facilities across various sectors, including the formulation of laws and regulations and the management of relevant human resources.

Football is the most popular sport worldwide and has evolved into a significant industry with far-reaching economic, cultural, and social implications. It not only entertains millions but also shapes identities, fosters community belonging, and influences business behaviors among its stakeholders. In Iraq, football holds a particularly prominent position, with the Iraqi Premier Football League standing as the centerpiece of the country’s sports industry. Despite its popularity and passionate following, the Iraqi Premier League has lagged behind other countries' leagues in terms of organizational development, competition structure, and management. This research was initiated to explore the future development of the Iraqi Premier League by identifying key dimensions and requirements for its advancement, employing scenario planning and the mutual effects matrix method.The rationale for this research is grounded in the recognition that the sustainable development of football leagues depends on a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing their growth and the ability to anticipate future challenges and opportunities. Scenario planning, a foresight methodology, enables stakeholders to visualize different potential futures and devise strategic responses. By applying this approach to the Iraqi Premier League, the research aims to provide actionable insights and strategic options for policymakers, league organizers, and other stakeholders committed to elevating the league’s status by the year 2032.

This study employed a qualitative research design with a practical orientation and a normative approach. The research population comprised professors, experts, and elites with deep knowledge of the football industry in Iraq, including football managers and academics. The sampling strategy was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation, ensuring that participants could provide the richest and most relevant insights into the phenomenon under study. Ultimately, ten experts and elites, including managers, coaches, and professors, each with at least ten years of professional football experience and a minimum of a master’s degree, were selected for in-depth semi-structured interviews.The primary research instrument was a semi-structured interview guide designed to elicit detailed perspectives on the current state and future prospects of the Iraqi Premier League. To ensure the validity and reliability of the findings, the study employed Wolcott’s fourfold approach, which emphasizes credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability in qualitative research.For scenario development, the study utilized the mutual effects analysis matrix, a recognized tool in futures studies. This method involves mapping the qualitative effects of key variables on one another within a system, thereby constructing scenarios based on the network of mutual influences. In this research, twenty primary variables were identified and categorized into eight main groups. These variables were entered into Mic Mac software, which facilitated the formation of a twenty-by-twenty mutual effects matrix. The experts evaluated the degree ofinfluence and dependence among variables, assigning scores from zero to three to reflect the intensity of these relationships. The process included two cycles of data analysis to ensure the robustness of the results.The scenario wizard software was then used to synthesize the findings and generate coherent future scenarios for the league. The validity and reliability of the research tools and process were confirmed through repeated data cycles and expert consensus.

The analysis of the mutual effects matrix revealed ten key influential variables critical to the future development of the Iraqi Premier League. The regulation of support laws for spectators and fans demonstrated the highest influence coefficient on other variables, accounting for forty-five percent of influence. The availability of spaces with the potential to host competitions, the establishment of talent centers, and the existence of growth and training clubs also emerged as highly influential variables, with influence coefficients of forty-four percent, forty-three percent, and forty-two percent respectively. Additionally, the regulation of business and support laws for financial sponsors, the creation of a market for selling league goods, the setting of unified rules for the use of stadiums equipped with clubs, the development of a marketing plan for tournament ticket pricing, the utilization of virtual space to create special brand value, and the identification of spatial and temporal positions for branding were identified as critical factors shaping the league’s future.Among these, the variable concerning the creation of an integrated competitive balance had the highest influence among all variables, with a coefficient of forty-eight percent. This was followed by increasing demand for league viewership and attractiveness, developing a strategic plan for league organization, and leveraging media for income generation and exclusive broadcasting rights, each with influence coefficients ranging between forty-two and forty-three percent.These findings indicate that legislative frameworks, talent development, infrastructure, and strategic marketing are pivotal factors that shape the league’s trajectory. The interplay among these factors determines the league’s ability to attract fans, sponsors, and media attention, which in turn drives its commercial and competitive success.Based on the mutual effects analysis, three main scenarios were constructed for the future of the Iraqi Premier League. The favorable or utopian scenario is characterized by optimal legislative support, robust talent development, advanced infrastructure, effective marketing, and strong stakeholder collaboration. This scenario envisions a thriving league that achieves international recognition and sustainable growth. The continuation or status quo scenario reflects the persistence of current challenges and moderate improvements. The league maintains its existing structure with incremental progress but fails to achieve transformative change. The unfavorable or bell’s slavery scenario is marked by stagnation or regression due to inadequate reforms, weak stakeholder engagement, and missed opportunities for modernization. The league struggles with declining competitiveness and relevance.

This research, through its applied and standardized scenario development approach, has identified the key determinants of the Iraqi Premier League’s future. The use of library research, expert interviews, and advanced scenario planning tools has enabled a comprehensive analysis of the league’s developmental landscape. The findings underscore the importance of revisiting and updating legislative frameworks, fostering collaboration between public and private sectors, implementing effective marketing strategies, and diversifying urban and stadium spaces to unlock the league’s full potential.To realize the favorable scenario, the study recommends reviewing and strengthening laws related to spectator and sponsor support, integrating judiciary and policy-making efforts, enhancing public-private partnerships, promoting constructive marketing and branding strategies, and diversifying and upgrading event locations and facilities.By adopting these strategies, the Iraqi Premier League can position itself for sustained growth, increased competitiveness, and greater appeal to fans and commercial partners alike.

In recent decades, research in urban design has primarily focused on the technological aspects of cities, often referred to as the smart city strategy. However, nowadays, citizens' concerns and interests take into account the realization that a sustainable city is not only built on good infrastructure and sustainable energy provision but also includes the opinions and feedback of citizens. This article introduces citizen design science as a new strategy for cities to integrate the ideas and desires of citizens into the urban design process. This approach combines the opportunity of crowdsourcing citizens' opinions and ideas through modern information and communication technology with active design tools. Active design feedback from city residents is recognized as a missing yet essential way to achieve a responsive city. This approach leverages the combination of crowdsourcing citizens' opinions and ideas through modern information and communication technology. Finally, the article showcases existing approaches in citizen design science and presents rapid urban analysis techniques as a practical application of this method. This toolkit allows users to manipulate geometries in specific environments, providing an opportunity for non-experts to express their ideas for their neighborhood or city. Therefore, a system is proposed to integrate citizen science and citizen design, requiring a structured evaluation process to integrate design science methods for urban design. Examples of existing approaches in citizen design science are demonstrated, and rapid urban analysis techniques are presented as an application of this method. This toolkit enables users to manipulate geometries in specific environments, offering an opportunity for non-experts to express their ideas for their neighborhood or city.

In the current business environment, given the increasing number of professional investors, the non-financial performance of companies has garnered growing attention. Professional investors believe that a company's profitability alone is insufficient for its long-term growth. Sustainability reporting, which incorporates environmental and social considerations, enhances corporate transparency, risk management, and improves relationships with shareholders and stakeholders. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between corporate sustainability performance and the cost of capital, considering the mediating role of risk. This research is applied in nature and employs regression models to analyze the relationships between the components of the model. To this end, 89 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange were selected and analyzed over an 8-year period from 2013 to 2020. The results of the study indicate a significant inverse relationship between corporate sustainability performance and the cost of capital. Additionally, the mediating role of risk in the relationship between corporate sustainability performance and the cost of capital was confirmed.

This study aimed to identify the requirements for intercultural management in a sports setting.

This research was a qualitative exploratory study that has been done using a thematic analysis method. The study's statistical population included experts in sports and culture, and according to the nature of the research, 14 experts were interviewed as the research participants through purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation. The tool used in the research was a semi-structured interview. The intra-subject agreement method was used to ensure the reliability of the findings. Also, the criterion of reliability or trustworthiness, which includes four separate but related criteria, including credibility, reliability, transferability, and confirmability, was used to evaluate the quality of qualitative results.

Braun and Clarke's (2006) method of thematic analysis extracted 82 codes, 11 sub-themes, and four main themes. The findings revealed that the requirements for intercultural management in a sports setting included "cultural factors," "effective relationships and interactions," "ethical considerations," and "flexibility."

Considering the universality of the phenomenon of sports and the necessity of aristocracy on how to adapt and coordinate the different layers active in the field of sports with the common cultural differences in the sports environment, paying attention to the various requirements and considerations extracted in this study can be in line with cultural compatibility and Efforts to reduce cultural conflicts in sports have a significant necessity.

The current research was done to provide an image and identity of the future of Iraqi professional football in order to improve the future of this sport.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data, which was carried out by combining the methods of theme analysis, layered analysis of causes and scenario creation by Dator's method. The participants included 18 Iraqi football experts.

The results showed that the most important options are the uncertainties that have a special value in the future of Iraqi professional football and the lack of policies based on infrastructure and their equipment. Disabilities show that they are afraid of failure and believe that they reach the violence of power in the layers of discourse and metaphor and myth and the lack of integrity and acceptance in strict laws and the lack of correct policies to the problems raised. All the factors identified in the solutions phase were confirmed by using research confirmation analysis in order to draw the scenario. The results of these findings are in four scenarios of fair competition, final death, multi-story cemetery, and 127 hours.

The outlined scenarios will help policymakers and federation managers to change the identity and image of Iraqi professional football by creating a common language, developing political and cultural diplomacy, increasing professional sports ethics, and developing courage and justice.

The purpose of this research is to foresight of network corruption in Iran's premier football league using the method of layered analysis of causes. The research community included experts, professors of sports management, policy makers and managers of sports organizations who are proficient in the subject. In the qualitative part of the snowball sampling method, theoretical saturation was achieved with 18 experts. The research method in the qualitative part of thematic analysis was based on the method of layered analysis of causes, after identifying the factors using the researcher-made questionnaire design of importance, uncertainty, the scenarios were identified using the Detour method. Based on the findings, a total of four scenarios were obtained, which are called Mission Impossible, Desperate Situation, Godfather, and Secret Mission scenarios. The mission impossible scenario is the favorable scenario and the secret mission is the pessimistic scenario. The key variables that played a major role in the composition of the scenarios include: focus on financial structures, existence of supervisors with executive power, judicial body in an appropriate manner and with a transparent and healthy mechanism, necessary mechanism to prevent late proceedings, clarification and informing the people of processes, reflecting the facts through the media, the existence of an integrated talent search system, up-to-date rules and guidelines, separate and independent disciplinary and judicial bodies, paying appropriate amounts to players, implementing meritocracy, increasing the synergy of the institutions, supporting policymakers And there were general and specialized trainings.

 This work examined the influence of graphene nanosheets on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion characteristics of CuNi alloy coatings produced by pulse electroplating. The microstructural analysis indicated that the incorporation of graphene nanosheets into the CuNi alloy matrix altered the surface morphology from a nodular structure to one characterized by spherical granules, resulting in an increase in the surface roughness of the composite coating from 33 to 56 nm. Conversely, the presence of graphene resulted in a hardness increase of approximately 20% due to precipitation. Corrosion tests indicated that graphene's presence in the alloy matrix served as a physical barrier, enhancing corrosion resistance by diminishing the active metal surface area. Consequently, it impeded the infiltration of the corrosive liquid, so decreasing the corrosion rate. The corrosion current density for the corrosion composite sample has risen from 1.8×10-6 to 6.6×10-7 A/cm² in comparison to the alloy sample. The inclusion of graphene sheets has increased the corrosion potential, rendering the composite sample more noble. 

There is not much comprehensive and applied research on the active lifestyle and the importance of physical development and sports in Iran, as well as its impact on the economy. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop an active lifestyle model of Iranian society with an economic and sports business approach in order to address various aspects of increasing its share in the gross national product. To conduct this qualitative study, the data-based theory strategy and Charms' constructivist approach were used. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. The participants in this study were 19 experts in the three fields of sports sciences, economics, and medical sciences. Of the approximately 210 sentences implemented from the interviews, 145 initial codes, 22 focused codes, and finally the factors identified from the interviews were classified into six core categories: health-promoting movements, institutionalization, active lifestyle, health, individuals and society, and economy. The present model acknowledges that an active lifestyle may have a direct and indirect impact on the gross domestic product (GDP). It was found that increasing attention to an active lifestyle not only helps improve the health and quality of life of individuals, but can also lead to increased productivity, reduced health costs, and the growth of related industries and an increase in the country's gross domestic product.

Physical education is one of the most crucial and practical courses that can effectively contribute to students' comprehensive education. Assessment is one of the most crucial elements of the curriculum. In educational literature, it is regarded as a vital aspect of curriculum and education. One term that has recently gained attention from educational science specialists is "Assessment literacy" among teachers. Research Questions: What are the dimensions of assessment literacy in physical education teachers? What are the subcategories within each dimension?

The research method was applied in terms of objective and qualitative in terms of data. The participants include 4 physical education experts (2 men and 2 women), 6 heads of the physical education course (2 men and 4 women), 3 university professors (1 man and 2 women), and 5 They were certified physical education teachers (1 man and 4 women). The research tool was semi-structured interview. To validate the research, some features such as credibility, dependability, and confirmability are used. Data analysis was done using the Thematic analysis method and using software Maxqda 20.

The results of this research show that for physical education teachers to provide quality physical education, there must be some assessment skills that are called assessment literacy. Under the theme of background awareness, there were sub-themes related to awareness of the content of physical education lessons, understanding of assessment principles, knowledge of related sciences, familiarity with assessment approaches, and awareness of types of evaluators. Under the skill processes axis, sub-themes included tool-making skills and statistical and measurement skills. Additionally, under the theme of interpretation and feedback abilities, sub-themes included interpretation and analysis abilities, as well as the ability to provide feedback.

Adequate mastery of the content of the physical education helps teachers to consider more accurate criteria in the assessment process. In addition, teachers should constantly revise and modify their current physical education assessment methods according to the characteristics and individual needs of students. Another important category is awareness of assessment goals. Assessment is done to strengthen teaching-learning processes by correcting students' mistakes, strengthening the performance of physical education teachers, and developing content or curriculum. Assessment is an integral part of the educational process and can provide valuable information to both students and teachers. Another category that attracted the attention of experts was having information in various sciences (sports physiology, psychology, pedagogy, etc.). It is obvious that assessment processes in physical education lessons require some competencies that require subject knowledge. According to the findings, key aspects of assessment literacy for physical education teachers include background knowledge, skill processes, and interpretation and feedback abilities. Proficiency in the content of physical education enables teachers to apply more precise criteria during the assessment process. Furthermore, teachers should continuously adapt and adjust their current assessment methods to suit the individual needs and characteristics of their students. Understanding the goals of assessment is another crucial factor. assessment aims to enhance the teaching-learning process by rectifying students' errors, improving the performance of physical education teachers, and refining content or curriculum. Assessment is an essential component of the educational journey, offering valuable insights to both students and teachers. Additionally, experts have highlighted the importance of possessing knowledge in various fields such as sports physiology, psychology, and pedagogy. It is evident that the assessment processes within physical education lessons demand competencies rooted in subject knowledge. The results also indicated that the sub-theme of skill processes included the skill of making tools and statistical and measurement skills. Making tools encompasses the teacher's abilities and competencies to creatively design various tools (rubrics, tests, etc.) for evaluating students in different areas of knowledge, attitude, and motor skills. Assessment should accurately measure the intended standards, be repeatable for accuracy, and be quick and trouble-free. Establishing measurable performance measures for students at each grade level enables physical education teachers to focus instruction on specific outcomes and determine which students have met learning expectations. The results revealed that interpretation and feedback abilities encompass two subthemes: interpretation, analysis, and judgment abilities, as well as the theme of feedback ability. Teachers need to interpret student information meaningfully, communicate it effectively, and maintain an ongoing dialogue about performance. When scoring, the focus should be on making judgments based on individuals' growth and providing a context for everyone to assess their performance and obtain the necessary information to reach their goals. Teachers offer feedback to help learners understand their current position and what steps to take next. Regarding feedback, experts suggest that it should be interactive, of reasonable quantity and scope, timely, and psychologically supportive, positive, and constructive to facilitate ongoing learning. Clarity is essential for students. Assessment literacy involves understanding, applying, interpreting, and critically engaging with assessment. It pertains to the abilities of teachers and students to interact with and utilize assessment methods and results to enhance learning. While assessment literacy is still a developing concept, it has the potential to help teachers effectively implement and interpret assessment results in an informed and valueoptimizing manner. There is a need for teachers to be well-trained in the category of assessment and to promote assessment literacy as a continuous process that is a prerequisite for quality physical education. The processes of empowering and improving assessment literacy in physical education teachers can be accepted through basic and in-service training. To have Assessment literacy, it is necessary to understand the quality of the assessment of student progress and the use of assessment that expresses clear, specific, and rich definitions of assessment. Also, rubrics have been considered as one of the quality assessment tools. Rubrics provide several keys to assessing each skill. In addition, some technological tools are also used in the developments. Various technology tools can help teachers to assess students specifically.

In this study, a Cu/ZrO2 nanocomposite coating was applied to a stainless steel substrate by pulse electrodeposition, incorporating ZrO2 nanoparticles into a pure Cu matrix. The effect of adding 2 vol.% ZrO2 nanoparticles on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of the Cu matrix was investigated. The results showed that the composite formation of Cu with ZrO2 nanoparticles reduced the deposition rate and thickness from 26 to 16 μm. Additionally, the incorporation of these nanoparticles led to a change in morphology from a smooth surface to a nodular or cauliflower-like structure, increasing the surface roughness from approximately 3.7 to 11.7 nm. Due to the nucleation of new grains and the inhibition of grain growth by the second phase of ZrO2 nanoparticles, the grain size was reduced from 76 to 35 nm. To examine the mechanical properties, microhardness and nanohardness tests were performed. The results showed that the nanohardness and Young's modulus of the composite sample increased by 41% and 29%, respectively.

The purpose of this research was to present a model of co-creation of the brand value of professional football clubs of Islamic republic of Iran. The current research was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method. The statistical population of the research included professors of sports management and marketing who are aware of the field of research, soccer and professional soccer experts, managers and vice presidents of professional sports clubs, and coaches working in professional soccer, who were selected by theoretical sampling (23 people). Data collection was done through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data collection was done through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data analysis was done using grounded theory methods (glazer method). Validity and reliability were confirmed through reliability method. The findings of the research showed that 385 initial codes were obtained in the open coding stage; In the selective coding stage, it was divided into 93 more abstract concepts and 18 main categories, divided into 2 general categories: "Factors affecting the co-creation of the brand value of professional football clubs" and "Consequences of the co-creation of the brand value of professional football clubs". and in the theoretical coding stage, the final research model was drawn. According to the findings, managers and officials should make appropriate plans and actions regarding the co-creation of the brand value of professional football clubs, so that they can enjoy its many consequences in different club departments.

In this study, a Fe-Co-Ni-Cr-Mn powder mixture with equiatomic composition was subjected to mechanical milling for 20 hours. The milled powder was then consolidated using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 1100 °C, followed by annealing at 900 °C to achieve microstructural homogenization. Microstructural analysis of the milled powder indicated that increasing the milling time from 5 to 20 hours led to a reduction in particle size and the formation of a nearly uniform morphology. After 20 hours of mechanical alloying, a single-phase solid solution with FCC structure was obtained. Phase characterization of the SPS and annealed samples revealed that the SPS sample exhibited a dual-phase structure of FCC and BCC, while the annealing treatment transformed this dual-phase structure into a single-phase FCC. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the annealed sample was superior to that of the SPS sample. This improvement is attributed to the dual-phase structure in the SPS sample, which creates galvanic cells between the FCC and BCC phases, leading to increased release of metallic ions. In contrast, the single-phase structure of the annealed sample does not exhibit this corrosion mechanism. Additionally, the charge transfer resistance of the annealed sample increased by ...% compared to the SPS sample.

Improving the deviant behavior of employees in organizations has always been of interest. The aim of the current research is to investigate the role of spiritual health and monetary ethics in dealing with the deviant behavior of employees of sports organizations with regard to the mediating role of work ethics.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. The statistical population of the research was formed by managers and experts of sports and youth departments of Isfahan province in 1401, out of 1430 people, 750 people using stratified sampling method according to the volume, selection and data using questionnaire. were collected by researchers. Content and construct validity were used to measure validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was done in SPSS and the model was confirmed in AMOS.

There is a significant relationship between spiritual health and monetary ethics. A significant relationship can be seen between spiritual health and work ethics. This connection between monetary ethics and work ethics is also observed. Spiritual health, money ethics, and work ethics each have a significant relationship with deviant behavior. Work ethic acts as a mediator between spiritual health and deviant behavior, as well as monetary ethics and deviant behavior.

In order to manage the deviant behavior of employees in sports organizations, it is necessary to pay attention to the variables of spiritual health, money ethics and work ethics and provide the ground for improvement in these organizations.

The purpose of this research was to present the model of privatization of sports clubs in Iraq.

The present study is of mixed type and its design is sequential exploratory. In the qualitative study, the research method was thematic analysis, and in the quantitative part, it was a survey. The participants of this research were experts in the qualitative part (university professors, managers and owners of Iraqi sports clubs) and in the quantitative part (staff of sports clubs and members of the Iraqi Basketball Federation). In the qualitative part, 17 people were selected purposefully, and in the quantitative part, 240 questionnaires were answered by easy sampling method. In this study, to check the quality and validity of the results of the qualitative part of the research, Lincoln and Gaba's (1985) evaluation indices, which include validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability, and Cronbach's alpha and construct validity were used in the quantitative part. Then, using Brown and Clark (2006) thematic analysis method, the qualitative information was analyzed, and in the quantitative part, the collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method.

Through reviewing the interviews conducted with experts, finally 77 final concepts and based on the results of the relationships between the identified concepts, 12 sub-themes and five main themes under the title of context level, interaction level, support level, implementation level and the resulting surface was formed. Also, the results showed that the privatization of sports clubs in Iraq is subject to five levels, the lowest level is the underlying factors and the highest level is the output of the result level system.

Based on this, it is necessary to pay the attention of managers and policy makers to the above-mentioned factors according to their roles in the privatization of sports clubs.

This research aimed to provide a paradigm model of effective social capital management in sports organizations. In terms of the nature of the research, this research is practical, and in terms of the method of implementation of data, it is a qualitative-quantitative (mixed) one. Also, considering the approach, this study is inductive-exploratory. The statistical population of the research was made up of experts in the field of research. The sampling was done purposefully and by snowball method. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part. In the first step of the study, 16 people were selected to be interviewed. After the 14th interview, repetition in the received information was visible and reached the stage of theoretical saturation. However, toto ensure the tool's adequacy, two other interviews were also conducted. To determine the validity of interviews, the Lincoln and Guba criterion was used. Also, the tool's reliability was checked by the method of auditing the process and internal agreement. In the second step, the data were analyzed through :open, major and selective coding stages. In three stages of coding, the main categories and components were identified and related to each other, which were the Communication category (individual trust and mutual one), the Cognitive category (norm compliance and sense of security), the Structural category (organizational democracy), and finally Emotional category (empathy and mental health). As the last step of the research, the collected concepts were analyzed in Smart PLS software, and the ultimate model was formed. Paying attention to the presented model can become the basis for managing and developing social capital in sports organizations and taking advantage of its benefits.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of knowledge management on the empowerment and selfefficacy of physical education teachers as a moral atmosphere mediator.The research method was descriptivesurvey and correlation type.The statistical population of this research is all physical education teachers in Isfahan province (N:1497), based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan, the sample size is 320 people of them are chosen as randomly targeted and accessible. To gather the required data, the Newman and Conrad Quality Management Questionnaire (1999), the Spreitzer Staff Empowerment Questionnaire (1995), the Scandinavian- Moran and Volfuk Teachers' Self-Esteem Standard Questionnaire (2001) and the Standard Morphological Barometer by Victor & Cullen (1988) are utilized. The experts (12 people) confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. Moreover, its reliability is calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.882) and combined reliability. In order to analyze the data and examine the fit of the model, the Structural Equation Modeling is utilized using PLS3-SPSS24 software. The computational results show that the effect of knowledge management on empowerment (0.172) and self-efficacy (0.283) are significant in physical education teachers, but its effect on moral atmosphere (0.058) is not significant. Furthermore, the effect of moral atmosphere (0.410) and selfefficacy (0.267) are significant for the physical education teachers. Finally, the knowledge management did not have a significant effect on empowerment (0.023) and self-efficacy (0.158) of physical education teachers by moral atmosphere mediator. Generally, based on the model, it can be said that by implementing and improving the knowledge management activities that undoubtedly lead to the desire of the organization's employees to become knowledge based, their tendency to increase their empowerment and self-efficacy can be promoted.

The aim of this study was the develop a model of socialization of citizens through participation in sport for all. a qualitative method and a systematic Grounded theory were applied on this study. the statistical population consists of outstanding professors of sport management and sociology, managers and deputies of Sport and Youth Department, and knowledgeable experts. 15 individuals were selected with snowball sampling method. Data collection tool and method were semi-structured individual interviews, and interviews were continued until the 15th person to ensure theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the data, a systematic approach was used including three main steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. During the open coding process, 436 initial codes were counted regardless of overlap, and in the next step, 78 common concepts based on overlaps and similarities formed 27 categories. Eventually, in the axial and selective coding steps, the final model of the research was drawn with the focus on the central category of socialization of citizens through participation in sport for all. Examining the situation, position and providing indicators of socialization of citizens through participation in sport for all can provide policy makers, managers and officials to recognize the problems in this regard and provide appropriate solutions to reduce the gap between the current and favorable situation for socialization of citizens. In this way, causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, action/ interaction strategies, as well as the outcomes have been explained separately.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the light and electron microscopic structure of the tongue in the Bali myna (Leucopsar rothschildi). 6 adult Bali myna (3 males and 3 females) were used in the present study. For light microscopic study. Tissue samples from the apex, body and root of the tongue were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and studied using light microscopy. For scanning electron microscopical studies of the lingual surface, the fixed samples were prepared and observed using a scanning electron microscope. The tongue in Bali myna has an elongated structure and is wide and triangular in the posterior part. Three parts are distinguished in the dorsal surface of the tongue: the apex, the body and the root. The surface of the organ does not have a median groove. A large number of needle-shaped processes with equal size and high density are located on both sides of the apex and anterior part of the body of the tongue. Large caudally directed conical papillae with a V-shaped arrangement are found between the body and the root of the organ. The surface of the tongue has no gustatory and lingual papillae. At electron microscopic level, fine micro-grooves can be seen on the surface of the root of the organ. Salivary gland pores are clearly found on the dorsal surface of the lingual root. The surface of the tongue is lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the apex and body of the organ, and with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the root region. A unique feature of the lingual structure in the Bali myna is that the tubuloalveolar PAS-positive salivary glands are found only in the root of the organ, and lingual salivary glands are not present in the apex and body of the organ. Morphological and morphometric features of the tongue do not show any sexual dimorphism. Overall, the results showed that the tissue structure of the tongue in Bali myna is similar to other birds and has specific characteristics in the region of the apex and the distribution of salivary glands.

and determining the right price in any field can lead to a steady stream of revenue, so the purpose of this study was to identify and analyze price-driven drivers of professional players in the Iraqi Football Premier League.

The method of the present study was mixed and its design was harmonization. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts, 15 of whom were selected purposefully and based on theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the qualitative information, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used and in a quantitative part, DEMATEL analysis was used.

Findings of this study showed 47 final concepts, 11 sub-categories with the letters of human capital, club efficiency, sports performance, time effects, geographical factors, league characteristics, player behavior, social value, transfer rules, the rule of financial conditions and factors and the four main categories of player characteristics, club characteristics, internal factors and external factors affect the pricing of football players. It was also found that human capital, financial and time effects factors have the greatest impact on explaining player pricing, respectively.

Based on what has been said, it is suggested not emphasizing only a specific factor or an indicator in the evaluation of football players, and trying to examine and to follow the discussion of evaluation and pricing in all aspects.

The purpose of this research was to identify a set of indicators for the evaluation of recreational sports pools in Isfahan, which was carried out using gray relation analysis.

This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection and research design. The statistical population of this research included all professors and experts (including managers, experts and inspectors) in the field of sports with a special focus on the field of swimming. The approach of this research is hybrid, and for this reason, purposeful snowball sampling was used for sampling in the qualitative part, and the number of samples was determined based on the theoretical saturation level, which was 13 people. In the quantitative section, due to the large size of the population, the sample size was estimated to be 380 people using the Cochran method. In the qualitative part, in order to reach the indicators, a library study was done, and in order to complete it, an interview method was used to complete it. In the quantitative section, experts' opinions were used to determine the final indicators, and then, with the cooperation of sports centers, necessary measures were taken to collect information on the indicators. The scope of the research included 20 pools located in 15 different areas of Isfahan, Sepahanshahr and Baharestan. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, inductive theme analysis and in the quantitative part, second-order confirmatory factor analysis in PLS software and gray relation analysis in Excel software were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, face validity and construct validity were used, and Cronbach's alpha was used to ensure reliability.

Based on the findings, indicators of the state of equipment and facilities, infrastructure and structure, technology, location, architecture and building design, manpower, safety and health, marketing factors, management factors and the quality of ancillary services were approved for the evaluation of pools and based on the gray relationship of the pool Azadi and Revolution have the highest rating, and sample pools and Behtovan pools do not have a good rating.

From the information status of these pools, it is clear that the infrastructure, safety and health, marketing factors, technology, architecture and building design, and management factors are things that can be very effective in competitiveness and attraction of the audience and should be considered in the management of pools.

This study aims to cognitively analyze the dimensions and factors affecting the self-efficacy of managers in sports organizations. This research has a qualitative nature and it uses data-based theory theorizing strategy. The statistical population of the study included the professors of the expert faculty in the sports management group and the country's sports officials (minister, deputy ministers and other sports policy makers) who were purposefully selected. Data collection tool and method was semi-structured individual interview. After 13 interviews, the data reached the stage of theoretical saturation and the data were coded with a constructive approach and analyzed using Max Kyoda software. After discovering open source in the first stage, 14 main concepts under the headings of organizational factors, organizational performance, thinking style, career path, trust, motivation, individual performance, professional development, emotional intelligence, learning, group performance, experiences, collective self-efficacy And individual self-efficacy was formed. Then, by examining the overlap of the extracted concepts, the main categories of research including self-efficacy components, effective factors (antecedents) and desired outcomes were obtained, and finally, the theorizing and the final research model were designed. Based on the research results, studying and strengthening the components affecting self-efficacy can affect the self-efficacy of sports managers at the individual and collective level and ultimately lead to performance improvement at different levels in the organization.

The study aimed to estimate the price of Iranian professional football league players.

The research method was mixed exploratory designs, qualitative and quantitative methods. The research participants in the qualitative section included managers, club coaches, and experts familiar with the football players' market. Therefore, fourteen participants were selected by snowball until we reached saturation. The research tool in the qualitative section included in-depth interviews, so the reliability of which the re-test method was 81%. In the quantitative section, the statistical population had all the football players in the Iranian Football Professional League during 2016-2020, and random sampling was done. So, 863 players were selected to use their data for analysis. The quantitative methods were also collected from valid sites and the Iranian Football League Organization. The model was also designed through radial neural networks using software SPSS and R.

Qualitative section showed that the player's performance, personal characteristics and abilities, club characteristics, and bubble-creating factors are influential in determining the price of football players. In the quantitative section, a model with three hidden layers was designed, which had a nominal error rate in predicting the price of players.

Originality: 

Today, one of the main problems in the field of transfer in football leagues is the small number of appropriate criteria for pricing players. This study aims to estimate the price of professional football players using artificial neural networks.

The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of extracurricular activities of student-teachers of Farhangian University in a combined method. In the qualitative part, the data theory method was used with the Strauss-Corben approach and in the quantitative part, factor analysis was used. The statistical population consisted of qualitative experts who were purposefully selected and interviewed based on theoretical saturation. 11 of them; Also, the statistical population in the quantitative section was the students and teachers of Farhangian University, and based on the number of parameters identified in the qualitative section of the research, 535 of them were randomly selected. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used, and in the quantitative part, the confirmatory factor analysis method was used. Qualitative results related to the institutionalization of extracurricular activities showed 107 concepts and 25 sub-categories that were categorized in terms of causal, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences. Also, based on quantitative findings, 90 concepts and 22 subsets were confirmed. Based on these results, it can be said that moving towards the study of institutionalization capabilities requires understanding the conceptual model of all factors affecting it.

The aim of the current research was to provide a world-class information systems development model using the balanced scorecard approach in sports organizations. The current research is practical in terms of purpose; In terms of how to collect information, it was a survey. The statistical population of the research was made up of the employees of all 31 general sports and youth departments of the country's provinces (5882 people) and the statistical sample was selected using the Karjesi and Morgan table of 361 people. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used according to the balanced scorecard approach (4 components and 48 items). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 sports management professors and the reliability was 0.86, which indicated its good reliability. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling with PLS software. The findings from the analysis of the conceptual model of the research show that the development model of world-class information systems in sports organizations, in the financial perspective using 5 indicators, in the customer perspective with 12 indicators, in the business processes perspective with 14 indicators and in the growth perspective and learning was confirmed with 17 indicators. Therefore, it is concluded that the development of world-class information systems in sports organizations by increasing efficiency and effectiveness will improve organizational productivity and be considered as a sustainable competitive advantage.