مهدی قنبری

Technology-based companies have a good capacity to enter foreign markets due to their technological advantages. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision-making method to prioritize foreign entry modes. Therefore, the research method is a combination of qualitative approach in criteria identification and quantitative approach in prioritizing criteria and entry modes. Frist, by reviewing the research background, influential components on entry mode choice have been identified, including internal factors (organization and its products), and external factors (internal market and foreign market). Then, using the best-worst method the effective criteria for entering foreign markets are ranked. The results show that “product differentiation” and “networking” are the most important ones for these firms. the experts’ view. This is in line with the technological advantage of these companies and on the other hand the limited resources of small and medium companies for foreign investment. Second, from the perspective of a technology-based company with extensive international activities in the field of advanced machinery, entry modes are prioritized using TOPSIS. The results showed that the first choice is the establishment of a wholly owned subsidiary. Actually for the company that has gone through the early stages of internationalization, this method is preferred, both for providing protection of the company's proprietary technology, provides the basis for exports to neighboring countries; also it can indicate that export restrictions from the origin of Iran, increases the orientation of firms towards more risky entry methods.

Currently, in order to understand Europe's attitude towards the 2020 United States Presidential Elections, we should, as a matter of course, gain a complete and accurate knowledge of the transatlantic relations, principally the approaches of the Germany and France (in the absence of the United Kingdom) as the driving forces of the European Union for arranging the relationships. Unlike France, Germany lacks the historical experience of non-cooperation with the NATO and therefore, we can see the difference of outlook in German officials' opinions about the quality of the transatlantic relations and also their hesitation and desperation in the decisions they make regarding their relations with the US. Emmanuel Macron is now dealing with some domestic problems and therefore prefers to maintain the current state of cooperation with the NATO despite the commercial disagreements with the US and not create another conflict in his foreign policies; he would rather advance the two ideas of "the army and the European security council" and the continuity of "Russian-French Security Cooperation Council". Germany has also explicitly expressed the it will present the plan of "the framework of the European security council" in the second half of 2021 with the presence of the United Kingdom. In the years to come, Germany would worry more about the NATO's internal conflicts but would eventually be closer to France that before. It seems that Europe's security interactions with the US in a mid-term time span would be a combination of these two factors: first, the quality of German-French cooperation, and the European Union's new team's approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate the virtual training courses were teachers. Analytical research and surveys (questionnaires and interviews), respectively. The population of the survey consisted of all cultural administrators, educational assistants, teachers and other staff of the regions / areas 17 educational districts in the Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province that the sampling class 407 of them were selected. The population of the interviews, including all the officials and experts training of human resources and IT departments of the provincial education. Purposive sampling method, all of them considered as samples and were interviewed them for general guidance (30). Experts confirmed the validity and reliability of about /96 calculation. Interviews reliability of the method of peer review, the effectiveness of three mainstreaming funded. In total, According to the findings, Test virtual electronic service of the poor situation in the areas examined did not have and efforts to achieve the appropriate tests to be carried out by different individuals and groups.

Humanization of international law simply means the enter of human rights into international arenas as a superior entity. also it contains to participate of human being in international decision making processes as a member of international stable society and protect him in sensitive situations for example humanitarian positions and so on.in the point of international view humanization defines as a developing and genesis long term process. The concept of humanization in international law is being developed and international entities help to this development. Some of these entities for example humanitarian intervention or good governance are being created in directly to humanization and other entities help to this process. We have many international law entities that have been entered into humanization procedure but we can summarize the most important of them into three totally branches: international organizations, international responsibility system and creation of hierarchical in international law. Method of this article is analytic and explanatory.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of self-management program on major advers cardiac complications of coronary angioplasty in patients referred to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran, in 2018.

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in people over 35 years of age in Iran. Coronary angioplasty is one of the most successful treatment techniques in people with coronary artery disease with some unwanted cardiac complications. Reducing these complications is one of the important goals of health care systems.

This was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted on 101 people with coronary artery disease undergoing angioplasty. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method based on inclusion criteria, and then randomly assigned to the experimental (n=51) and control (n=50) group. Data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire and a checklist of coronary angioplasty complications. The intervention was implemented in sessions of 45 to 60 minutes duration three times per week in the presence of a family member and a copy was handed in. This intervention was continued for six months in the experimental group. During intervention period, the patient’s condition and the implementation of the self-management program were followed up by phone. The control group received only routine care and the experimental group received both routine care and self-management program. Cardiac complications were assessed in the first, third and sixth months following intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 21 using Chi-square, t-test and generalized estimation equations.

The groups were homogenous in terms of age, gender, marital status, level of education, place of residence, employment status, body mass index, number of children, history of hyperlipidemia, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of alcohol consumption, history of heart attack, and type of artery involved. Generalized estimation equations showed that after intervention, the rate of complications of target vessel revascularization (P=0.04), second coronary angioplasty, (P=0.005) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (P=0.003) were significantly different between the control and experimental groups. However, there were no statistically significant difference between groups in terms of recurrent angina complications (P=0.066), myocardial infarction (P=0.069) and death (P=0.019).

The implementation of self-management program can reduce complications after coronary artery angioplasty. It is recommended for nurses to apply self-management programs and follow-up after discharge  for this group of patients.

The purpose of this research is Explore the experiences lesson studying teacher In Empirical Science. The present study is based on qualitative and phenomenological studies. The informants were selected among the teachers of the first High school of science in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari who have been lesson study in the field of experimental sciences in recent years. Two purposefull and snowball techniques with theoretical saturation were used for sampling and 24 people were selected. Data collection was conducted by interviewing The general interview guide approach. Research validity were provided using peer debriefing, Member checking, external auditor and triangulation. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis method. The findings showed that the experiences lesson studying teacher In Empirical Science can be classified into three themes that organize the lesson syudy opportunities, the lesson study damage and the lesson syudy Requirements.the lesson study damage and the lesson syudy Requirements.

The aim of present study was to investigate the pattern of influential factors on outsourcing of sporting facilities in Tehran municipality. In order to, 385 experts and experts in the field of outsourcing, private sector investors and managers of Tehran municipal sports complex were selected by simple random method and based on Cochran formula. The research instruments were Freziani et al 42 questions (1394), a researcher – made questionnaire by Khedri et al (1394) and a 39- item questionnaire for Val and Peru, completed by participants. Regression finding indicate that there is a meaningful relationship between administrative corruption and outsourcing of sporting facilities (β=0/897), between political behaviors and outsourcing of sporting facilities in Tehran municipality (β=0/764) and between administrative corruption and political behaviors (β=0/736). According to non-standardized regression coefficients, 1/119 and 1/219 units of change in the outsourcing of sporting facilities in Tehran municipality can be made for a unit of change in administrative corruption and political behaviors respectively.

Knowledge of the physiological stress caused by different types of exercise training can be an important factor in proper designing of training programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two types of strenuous training (HIIT and resistance) on hippocampus superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in male Wistar rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (age: 8 weeks and weight: 205.19±17.19g), after one week of familiarization with environment and training, were randomly divided into three groups: control (n=6), HIIT (n=7) and resistance (n=7). During 10 weeks (5 sessions per week), rats performed an incremental HIIT training on the animal treadmill. HIIT training protocol started with 30 m/min running on the treadmill for one min with 10 reps and two min active rest at the first week and reached to 75-80 m/min for 1 min with 7 rep and 3 min active rest at the last week. In addition, resistance training was performed on one-meter height ladder (divided by 26 stairs) with a load of 30℅ of their body weight (suspended from tail) in the first week, which gradually increased to 250℅ of their body weight in the last week. We evaluated the activity of SOD and GPX in the hippocampus, serum MDA and TAC levels by spectrophotometry and ELISA Kit. The results of this study revealed no significant alterations in SOD and GPX activity in HIIT and resistance groups (P>0.05). However, the serum levels of TAC and MDA increased significantly in HIIT (p=0.001) and resistance groups (p=0.002) compared to those in the control group. Based on our results, it seems that the effect of high-intensity interval and resistance training on hippocampus is not signifcant which could result from adaptation of hippocampus to this type of training in the long run. However, the significant increase of TAC and MDA in serum which represents high-level physiological stress induced by this type of training, should be considered in designing an exercise training program.

because the creativity and satisfaction of teaching by students in classrooms is important is teaching methods that enhance these two variables must be considered.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of teaching methods Synectics and problem solving on creativity and satisfaction from teaching of sixth grade students in social studies lessons. Research

In this research used of quasi-experimental study with two different groups of teaching. This design applied about 3 lessons of social studies Sixth grade in 12 for each group. The population includes two elementary schools in District 2 Shahrekord in the first semester of academic year 1394-95. Target population included 8 school that with cluster sampling method selected one school and two classes were instructed with two teaching method of Synectic and problem solving. For collection of data used relevant to creativity from Torrance A questionnaire and for student satisfaction of teaching from made researcher questionnaire. The study data MANCOVA and ANCOVA analysis with using by SPSS software.

The data showed that teaching method of synectic with 95/0 ensure was more affective than the teaching method of problem solving in improving students' creativity .Also synectic teaching method with 95/0 ensure was more affective than the teaching method of problem solving in improving students' satisfaction of teaching.

teaching method of Synectic because has better structure for teaching of social studies more affective than teaching method of problem solving.

The purpose of the present research was the pathology of Farhangian university internship. Mixed methods research and sequential explanatory design were used. The study population consisted of teachers, teacher's guides and Interns of the Farhangian university in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province .In quantitative phase, teachers were selected by census method, and the other two groups were selected randomly. Purposive sampling was used in the qualitative phase. Quantitative and qualitative phase data was gathered by questionnaire and interview. Content and face validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was estimated. In the qualitative phase, provided constructive, Internal and external validity, and also the reliability of the peer debriefing, member checking, and external auditor was approved. The results showed that the teachers from the objectives, learning activities, time, space and evaluation of school education; took time component, and two other groups, took the learning activities and assessment as unfavorable. Overall conclusion showed that internship provides opportunities for professional training of student teachers, but still implementation and operation of actors is facing with problems regarding the policy and planning.

Lesson study is an important tool for professional development, so paying attention to this issue is necessary. In addition, elementary schools classes are divided into the monograde and multigrade. Therefore, we see the monograde and multigrade teachers in the schools. The purpose of this study was to examine both the attitude and knowledge of the monograde and multigrade teachers toward the lesson study.
This is a mixed method study. All the monograde and multigrade teachers included in this study, in the Lordegan city. The methods of sampling were randomized and purposeful in the quantitative and qualitative phases, respectively. The sample size was 226 monograde and 70 multigrade teachers, in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, the sample size was 10 and 7 for the monograde and multigrade teachers, respectively. In the quantitative phase, data were collected with the questionnaire and analyzed with the parametric tests. In the qualitative phase, the interviews interpreted with the content analysis method.
Findings: There were appropriate knowledge and attitude towards the lesson study between the groups. In the attitude category, the beliefs about the lesson study in the professional development, the professional knowledge production, were the main concepts in the interviews. In the knowledge category, goals’ mastery and awareness, the study lesson essence and method, the determinants of the lesson study sources, the needed skills of the teachers, and the application of the lesson study, were the main concepts.
The knowledge and attitude between both the monograde and multigrade teachers were not different. The groups can cooperate in the process of the lesson study.

In this study, the first researcher is expressing his lived experiences in Farhangian university with ethnography method.
This study has a qualified approach. The Source of research’s data, are Experiences and memories of one of the Farhangian university graduates that was set with narrative inquiry method.
Finding: Findings of the study show Familiarity with the teacher's profession through the family, Some teachers, job safety, Exemption from military service caused the subject tend to teaching. On arrival, His expectations from the Farhangian university were not fullfilled, because the university had educational and welfare problems. Over time and solving troubles, the author found a more positive attitude toward the Farhangian university. He considers the educational-researching issues of his study to be a combination of strengths and weaknesses and He believes that internship is one of the strengths of the university, which can be improved by fixing some of its shortcomings. in his opinion proper interpersonal relations existed in the university, but some of the teacher's comments sometimes annoyed students. Moreover, he stated some criticisms about the uncertainty of the place of service, the form of organizing measures, and neglect to selection.

The aim of this study is to identify opportunities and constraints of teachers was a multi grade classroom. This applied research methodology was qualitative. The population consisted of teachers multi grade classroom  Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province Purposive sampling, 18 individuals have been selected for review. Data were collected through interviews. The validity of construct validity, internal and external funded. Reliability, the method of peer debriefing, Member checking and external auditor funded. The data analysis by thematic analysis method. According to the results, teachers student based, infrastructure for collaborative learning and problem-solving exploration and teaching method, increased teamwork, confidence, responsibility, power of expression, emotional stability and self-management among students opportunities and Shortage of time, the fading of some courses, lack of teachers, the great responsibility of teachers, lack of knowledge, distraction and difficult to organize students, inappropriate age and sex composition, parents' lack of cooperation, lack and poor quality of facilities and teaching space, lack of services multi grade knew the limits of classes and health facilities.

Merleau-Ponty’s place in the phenomenological movement, established by Edmund Husserl, can be determined only by considering the important role of “dialectic” in his thought. Using a dialectical method, he opens up a new path toward a “dialectical phenomenology” to release phenomenology, as understood in his time, from the antinomies into which it was entrapped. By adopting a dialectical strategy, Merleau-Ponty no longer defines the scope of phenomenology as “pure consciousness.” The encroachment of the “consciousness” and the “world” upon each other does not allow defining the scope of phenomenological investigation in terms of “substantiality of a domain.” Therefore, contrary to Husserl and Heidegger who delineated the phenomenological investigation against sciences, Merleau-Ponty, choosing a Hegelian approach, tries to overcome the ontic/ontological duality and widens the phenomenology’s scope of investigation.

The purpose of this study was to understand the challenges of the curriculum evaluation element of undergraduate students in education field at Farhangian University from the viewpoint of students and instructors. Phenomenology was used to achieve this goal. The informants from among the instructors and students in the Department of Education Studies of Farhangian University in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province have been selected using purposeful sampling method and observing the principle of saturation (14 teachers and 19 students). An interview was conducted using General Guidance to collect the data. . In order to investigate the validity, construct validity, internal and external validity and to ensure the reliability , the member survey method, peer review, exter nal observer, and multitasking were used. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method . The results of this study showed that extreme attention to the evaluation of theoretical skills and student reservations made the evaluation of their practical skills not to be considered, most evaluations were focused on the goal and less attention was paid to the process-oriented evaluation. There was little correlation between the evaluation method and the type of content provided, and the lack of time and facilities on the quality of the evaluations had a negative effect.

The research is the building block of scientific progress, responds to questions, Produces new knowledge and finally, improves the lives of all human beings. The main point is that for research study to make lifestyle changes, Results should be shared with other people. Accordingly, the process of disseminating and sharing the results of research is one of the most accepted steps by scientists, scholars and researchers. As there are some fundamental differences between quantitative and qualitative research methodologies, qualitative research results should be shared professionally. Lesson Study as a kind of qualitative research strategy is of special considerations. Considering the lack of lesson study result sharing model in our country, this article aims to develop such model. In order to evaluate the reliability of this research the technique of Delphi was applied. In the desired model, two formats are presented according the different needs of the two beneficiary groups, namely lesson study users and other audiences (Other teachers, Education policy makers and other stakeholders outside the education system). The two formats include: research report as a kind of narrative writing (for teacher researcher and their colleagues) and summary of research report (for other teachers, Education policy makers and other stakeholders outside the education system). Narrative writing reports aim to develop lesson study group members professionally and are created through anecdotal and narrative extracts. This kind of report is of one copy and held in school for the benefit of all stakeholders and their titles are suited for Lesson Study cycle. On the other hand, summary report is developed to present research results to the audiences outside the lesson study group and is of six parts including the title, summary of the study, The overall profile of the process, Process results and their application to two groups of students and teachers, quality control and References).

The aim of this study was content analysis  of the new compilation book of fifth grade social studies in terms of attention to language skills. The method used in this descriptive study is content analysis. The statistical population consisted fifth grade social studies textbook of elementary school This study applied a multi-stage sampling design and as well as using the split-half technique to ensure the adequacy of the sample size. Entire book was chosen, in the next stage10 first lessons were chosen and their sentences were analyzed. In order to gathering of data was used from the researcher making checklist. The list includes a number of components related to each of the language skills.  Validity of the instrument was confirmed by 7 experts and its reliability was estimated by harmonic and representation methods, Frequency and percentage were used for data analysis. The main results of this study indicate that: 1- in regard writing skill, to components of the development of the ability commutating a phonetic sign to writing, introduction with components subject sentence,  paragraph narrative, paragraphs of body and the describing paragraph were attended a lot. but to components of introduction deduction and writing of essay were attended a low.  2-  in regard of the components of reading skills, to introduction with conjunctions were attended a lot to introduction to respect to interactional and causal conjunctions were attended a low, 3-  in regard components of listening skills, the parameters of debate and comment on the contents of audio texts and the inferential according to the text of listening  were attended a lot and to   increase of focus on the tone of language to texts auditory were attended a low. 4- in regard speaking skills, to appropriate index of speaking to context and audience were attended high, but to  to the index components using different types of language and storytelling were attended a low.