مهدی محقق

The mystics want to know their god as a result of their behavior and not through arguments and arguments, but through revelation and en-lightenment to the deepest spiritual levels. Therefore, the sages of the world and the elders of the way are trying to show the way for others to the extent of their own knowledge in order to achieve prosperity and salvation. As Khajeh Nasir al-Din Tusi, one of the scholars, sages and mystics of the 7th century, in his mystical book, Osāf al-Ashrāf, in a concise and expressive manner and with an eloquent and eloquent composition, at the same time full of brains and full of meaning in six chapters and in each chapter (to except for the sixth chapter) in six chapters, it explains the stages of conduct. He begins the first chapter with faith and ends with faith in the sixth chapter. Regarding the book Osāf al-Ashrāf, it can be said that this important mystical work is not only valid in terms of the knowledge and interpretations of the terms of mystics and Sufis, but also valuable for the knowledge of Khajeh nasir. This article is compiled in a descriptive, analytical and library method

The scholars of the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence, usually before defining the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence and stating the subject, put forward a discussion about the subject matter of science and consequently the criterion for unity or differences among sciences. Although the distinction and differences among sciences is an established fact, there are differences of opinion about the nature of the factors that distinguish them from each other. There are three important theories about the criterion for the distinction or unity among sciences: A) the theory prevalent among the predecessors and the logicians who tied the differences among sciences with their subject matters; B) the theory of Akhund Khorasani, who maintained that the sciences can be distinguished from each other by their objectives and purposes; C) Imam Khomeini’s theory, who maintained that the criterion for the unity or distinction among sciences lies in the compatibility latent in the essence of their problems. Describing Imam Khomeini’s viewpoints in details, attempts have been made in this article to study different aspects of his viewpoints. Employing descriptive-analytical method, the findings of this study indicate that compatibility among the problems of sciences is a corollary of the compatibility of their subject matters. Hence, compatibility-centered scientology is not an appropriate criterion for explaining the unity or differences among sciences.

Mufazzal b.Umar is one of the important narrators of Hadith at the time of Imam Sadiq and Imam Kazim (pease b upon them). Due to different views held about him among old and new Rejali Schools , he is known as a controversial figure. The opposing group maintained that he was a follower of abu al-Khattab and in fact that he was the leader of the Khattabiah Sect , known as Mufazzaliah - Khattabiah. The present author argues there truth fullness of this allegation based on research in Tradition , sayings of theologians and writers on Sects from both the Shi'ite and Sunni sides. He concludes that this allegation is not acceptable on the basis of both historical and Traditional sources.

Medicine and philosophy are two branches of science that have been associated since the beginning of the presence; an accompaniment that began in both sciences under the influence of the way of thinking or policy of the earlier civilizations in a preliminary form and continued passing through many ups and downs until the present time. This feature was more prominent in Iranian-Islamic medicine due to the impressionability out of ancient civilizations, especially Greece, or the political and social conditions, which brought together philosophers and experts in the rational and medicine sciences due to the coercion in those periods at a piece of time and place and its result was a legacy that lost its former glory with the Mongol invasion, the policies of the Safavid Era and its consequences, but its sparks remained enlightened in the works of Iranian-Islamic scientists, physicians and experts, who immigrated to India. Among these works, we can mention the book "Treatments of DaraShokouhi" by Noureddine Hakim Ein al-Mulk Shirazi, which owes the medicine mixed with the ancient philosophy and a combination of Indian medicine.The present research, which has been prepared and compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner using library sources, attempts to investigate the philosophical chapters in the medical book of Treatments of DaraShokouhi while mentioning some aspects of the alignment of medicine and philosophy.

 Image is one of the most important pillars of art production in literature. The analysis of the poet"s imagery leads to the recognition of his artistic style and intellectual system. In this research, an attempt has been made to study the imaging structure of Khaju Kermani; In this regard, studies have been done by looking at the vertical and horizontal axis in the lyric poems of Khaju Kermani. In analyzing the frequency and explaining the frequency of different types of images, the details of the poet"s artistic and intellectual style, which has led to a coherent whole of the image in the vertical and horizontal axis of the images, are discussed.

 This research was conducted by descriptive-analytical method.

 The image in Khaju Kermani"s divan is a strong element for expressing various themes, especially romantic and mystical themes. Most of the tools used by the poet to illustrate in sonnets are expressive industries such as simile, metaphor and irony, and novel industries such as allusion, contradiction, paradox, and ambiguity, and simile is at the top of them. The high frequency of application of this tool in illustration is due to the possibility of creating images and visualization of multiple dimensions of romantic and mystical concepts by these industries.

 In the horizontal axis of images, more objective examples have been used and sometimes images have been made and processed using abstract concepts. Khajavi Kermani is one of the few Iraqi style poets whose vertical axis of poetry is very strong. In some of Khaju"s lyric poems, the poet"s emotional attachment and thought cause a return and re-illustration of an object, word or motif. Sometimes in his poetry we encounter a conflict of images, which of course has not caused the weight of meaning. This has happened both in the horizontal and vertical axis and has doubled the rhetorical burden of the poem.

Secretary is one of the most important court and court jobs that dates back to pre-Islamic times.What assures us of the importance of this profession is the existence of numerous books written on the qualities,virtues and do's and don'ts of a secretary.The present study was formed following the question that to what extent does Alexander the Great,as one of the most respected teachers of the Safavid period,have the characteristics that the elders of this profession have mentioned about teachers?On the other hand,one of the remarkable legacies of the Safavid rule is the historical sources that have been written by official and court secretaries.One of the authors of these books is Skanderbeg the secretary,the special secretary of Shah Abbas I, to whom many letters of the Safavid period as well as the Tarikh Alam Araye Abbasi were written.The next question of the present study is what method did Skanderbeg, as an example of Safavid teachers,choose in writing this work and what are the characteristics of the book in terms of content? In this article,which is based on library studies,an attempt has been made to compare the conditions of Skanderbeg's teaching with what the elders of this field have determined as the most important teaching conditions; Also,examine the content features of the Alam Ara;Because this work,as one of the most famous works of the Safavid,can be a significant example of the intellectual style and writing style of the teachers of the Safavid period.

Iskanderbeg Turkman is one of the most prominent secretaries of the Safavid period and a special secretary of Shah Abbas I, who wrote many letters of the Safavid period. One of the most notable works of the Safavid period is the book History of the Abbasid Scholars, which is the main subject of this research and was created by this master secretary. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the stylistic and writing features of this book. Because this work, as one of the most detailed and famous works of the Safavid period, can be a significant example of the intellectual and writing style of the teachers of the Safavid period.

The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner based on library studies.

In comparison with the various and compelling works of the Safavid period, this work has been somewhat faithful to the simplification method that Skanderbeg emphasizes; But Skanderbeg being the secretary and secretary has caused this work to be written in the style of secretaries, in a compulsive and secretarial way. In writing the book, the author has used two methods of simple and artificial prose. Phrases and secretarial tasks that were used in most of the books and letters of that time are less mentioned in this book, and contrary to the mental background, such things as prostration, use of synonyms, addition of additions, puns, Arabic poems, etc. are as common as other texts. Or letters of the Safavid period have no frequency.

The talent and literary knowledge of Skanderbeg the secretary has become one of the reasons for his success and the permanence of his work. Balanced use of literary industries such as metaphor, simile, metaphor, rhyme, citation of Quranic verses and the use of Persian and sometimes Arabic poems and ‌‌‌… has increased the richness of the text and the effect of the word and in this regard can make the book more important puts.

There are many works on the subject of image and its analysis, which are often studied based on the science of expression and novelty and under the title of imaginary forms.Images and fantasies are twins reflecting the reason and essence of poetic words and reveal the artist's mentality inside and outside the world. Imagination is the speaker's mental effort to create a novel link between his conscious and unconscious. In other words, the images are the result of the interactions of the artist's imaginative workshop, which change the nature and form of objects that are neither completely human nor natural. "Independent image" is one of the types of images whose constituent elements include the exclusive nature and self-reliance of the poet's thought and can exist outside the space of poetry.Considering the process of formation of the concept of image, the role of imagination, while preserving the theoretical nature of the image, in KhajaviKermani's poems, we have discovered and represented various dimensions resulting from recognizing the multi-layered structure and different types of images in his lyric poems,  achieving poetic image from different angles of aesthetics, literature, society, etc. The purpose of this study is to analyze and interpret independent images in KhajaviKermani's lyric poems to guide the reader to the discourse network of his poems. Categorization of obtained discourses by titles; Ontological, romantic, governmental political, and religious discourses, and discourses in the field of patriotism, etc., are divisible.The results obtained from the analysis of the discourse of independent images of Khajoo,s Ghazal illuminate details of the culture and society and the life, thought and vision of the poet. The poet's attitude to love as the main axis of human life, the discourse of disgrace and name and of course the discourse of the homeland are allusions to them. This research has been studied by descriptive-analytical method using library resources.

The theory of quaternary elements along with the natural system is one of the cornerstones of Greek philosophy, especially from Aristotle. With the translation and transmission of Greek sciences, this theory came to the Islamic world and formed the theoretical basis for most of the Islamic sciences. Of these, Islamic science has been widely used in the field of Islamic sciences. In this paper, we try to show the effect of this theory in two parts: scientific and technological. The part that can be considered as the development of Aristotelian naturalism based on the natural system, and the part that is in the field of technology and technology, and the natural system has an inspirational role for it.

The theory of quaternary elements along with the natural system is one of the cornerstones of Greek philosophy, especially from Aristotle. With the translation and transmission of Greek sciences, this theory came to the Islamic world and formed the theoretical basis for most of the Islamic sciences. Of these, Islamic science has been widely used in the field of Islamic sciences. In this paper, we try to show the effect of this theory in two parts: scientific and technological. The part that can be considered as the development of Aristotelian naturalism based on the natural system, and the part that is in the field of technology and technology, and the natural system has an inspirational role for it.

Nasir Khusrow Collection edited by Professor Mojtaba Minovi and Dr Mehdi Mohaghegh is one of the valuable Persian text which has been provided through scientific and research method. Therefore the value of this text will not merely be for its editing and with deep meticulous observation can perceive that these two Full Professors of historian, language, philosophy and Persian literature and also Arab literature have reproduced a remarkable masterpiece so that the editing of this text apart from reporting and analysing and even interpretation lies beyond other works or provides further interpretation and understanding. The immense knowledge of Professor Minovi in history and culture and especially text editing along with the mastery of Dr Mohaghegh in language, and his knowledge of religious and the difference of Islamic and current science have helped to clarify Nasir Khusrow Collection. Professor Minovi’s work in methodology and seeking for certainty of text along with Dr Mohaghegh way in recognising the theme of Nasir Khusrow’s poem expressing two theories in the text. The second glance at the text (Dr Mohaghegh’s method) in addition to better understanding helps the continuity of concept and interpretation. In this research two interpretations and the knowledge of Professor Minovi and Professor Mohaghegh in editing text has been studied in collaboration in order to be a valuable source for researchers in editing field.

Mostly, languages have features that precise use of the word, mysticism and knowledge of the world by the people, precisely and in their place. One of the most prominent and influential aspects of the word is its interplay with parables, especially the proverbs and parables popular among literary works. Among the works written by poets and writers and scholars of this region are some of the varied works of Khawaja Nasiruddin Tusi, Adib, scholar and politician of the 7th century AH, some of which are written in Persian and rich in Persian. There are various parables and allegories that are often inspired by Quranic themes and derived from religious teachings. Khawaja's services to Persian language and culture and the culture of this land include such works as a valuable heritage and a valuable treasure. His works in Farsi such as the Nasserian ethics, the basis of al-Qutbbas, the attributes of al-Ashraf, the criterion of al-Ashar, etc., each of which differ in style and style, indicate that he used allegory based on the content of the book. In the literary, mystical and ethical works of Khawaja, especially the Nasserian ethic of allegory, it is a tool for consolidating moral principles and explaining Quranic teachings. This article has attempted to present the content and purpose of the word with a reference to the library method or the purpose of explaining the application of allegory to the expression of morality and social relations with emphasis on Nasserian ethics.

Badriddin Hilali, the late ninth century and early sixteenth century lyric poet whose poems he significantly with expressive images that are created using elements of imagery. Arches art is innovative in making similes and metaphors. Imagery of this study was to evaluate the different species, "simile, metaphor, alliteration, irony, diagnosis," the poem is taken arches To answer the question of how much and how the poet of imagery and mental imagery is used in your poetry? He illustrations innovation or imitation of the past has been done in the area and what kind of imagery in his poetry is more frequent? In this speech was a library research method, the results were classified into descriptive analysis. It is with statistics to a holistic view of images and how to use them both quantitatively and qualitatively be provided. The results showed that compared high-frequency sensory especially in his poetry is metaphor. Stipulated metaphor, diagnosis, and metonymy allusion He also has the frequency. More images of his poetic descriptions lover or one of his moral and physical properties that are created with the help of natural manifestations. Arches art innovation and imagination in the use of force similes and allusions he is tangible.

Spermatogonial stem cells are foundation of the male reproductive system. These cells are the only conduit capable of transferring genetic traits from one generation to the next. Isolation and long-term preservation of spermatogonial stem cells for use in inducing spermatogenesis is one technique to preserve fertility in male patients who need chemotherapy. In vitro spermatogenesis is an alternative to achieve this goal. The use of an optimal model of human spermatogenesis is a major step in understanding the physiology and genetic pathways in the male reproductive system. In vitro spermatogenesis is crucial to reducing a complex process into smaller parts for experimentation, manipulation, and deriving cellular and molecular level knowledge. Is it possible to manipulate the paracrine environment and separately evaluate the effects of growth factors. Different in vitro culture systems are used to explore alternatives to spermatogenesis and obtain mature, functional spermatozoa for ultimate use in infertility treatment. In order to present a useful and practical method, this study provides an overview of different methods for the long-term preservation of spermatogonial stem cells and in vitro culture systems used in spermatogenesis.

Science means knowledge and wisdom of some of the interpretations of the meaning which is one of the most dominant thoughts of the seventh century AH, the poet Rumi. In mystical sources science is found in two forms: external and internal. Mowlana believes in the kind of science that guides man towards truth and joins appearance to reality. He is influenced by Hadith and sees the faithful in search of truth. Mowlana sees the inner knowledge as wisdom and outward knowledge as logic. He is influenced by Quranic thoughts. In his view words are obstacles which expand selfishness and prevent achieving truth. This paper is an attempt to study Mowlana's view of science as expressed in his Masnavie-Manavi.

This study presents an efficient, cost-effective method to improve proliferation and colonization of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in vitro. Isolated SSCs from neonate mice were cultured in DMEM culture medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In the first phase of the study, the temperature was controlled by low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS) of the plate that contained the culture medium. In the next phase, SSCs were stimulated by LIPUS with 200 mW/cm2 with 20% and 40% duty cycle for five days. Proliferation and colonization of SSCs were on the seventh day. LIPUS treatment of mouse SSCs increased the proliferation rate and colonization of SSCs in the experimental groups compared to the control group. Average proliferation rate in the 20% duty cycle group was 1.46±0.06, in the 40% duty cycle group it was 2.00±0.1 and for the control group, it was 1.26±0.06. The average number of colonies in the 20% duty cycle group was 24±7.7, whereas the 40% duty cycle group had 62±1.4 colonies and the control group had an average of 19±5.5 colonies. Average colony diameters were as follows: 186.6±2.07 µm (20% duty cycle group), 185.3±4.4 µm (40% duty cycle group) and 190.0±2.0 µm (control group). Our results showed a significant increase in proliferation rate and number of colonies in the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between groups in colony diameters. These results suggested that LIPUS treatment can be an efficient, cost-effective method to improve proliferation and colonization of SSCs during in vitro culture.