مهران کریمیان ریزی

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an emerging tool in medicine and more recently in the operating room. Existing research mainly focuses on the possibilities and future expectations of AI in surgery. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of current applications of AI to support processes within the operating room. Articles describing applications of AI in surgery were reviewed. Several applications of AI in the operating room were reviewed, including surgery duration prediction, gesture recognition, intraoperative cancer detection, intraoperative video analysis, surgical nodule detection, and automated bone registration in orthopedic surgery. Current applications of AI are still in their early stages but have great potential to improve surgical accuracy, provide guidance in decision-making, and increase surgical safety. However, the integration of AI in the operating room faces several challenges, including regulatory issues, ethical considerations, and the need for clinical approval. Future research should focus on clinical validation, legal considerations, and pathways for implementing AI in the operating room.

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are advanced technologies in the field of biomedical optics, extensively used in various scientific disciplines, including medicine and medical engineering. These fibers utilize crystal structures to guide light, enabling high sensitivity and accurate transmission of optical information for bioluminescent applications. PCFs have gained significant attention in biosensor development due to their unique optical properties, such as tunable structure and engineered dispersion. In this review, we investigate the applications of photonic crystal fibers in medicine, medical engineering, and other scientific fields. Additionally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing these fibers and provide suggestions to enhance future applications.

A new photonic crystal fiber (PCF) biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon is proposed. In terms of chemical stability of the active plasmonic material gold (Au) and the sensor layer outside the fiber structure, it is used to simplify the sensor configuration. The proposed sensor can detect unknown analytes flowing on the metal surface or dripping on the outer surface of the metal layer. The proposed sensor consists of symmetrical circular air holes. Two small air holes are used in the second ring. which helps to generate the field and also helps to adjust the phase matching between the guided state of the nucleus and the surface plasmon teppolaritons (SPP). Surface plasmons are excited along the metal surface by the guided mode of the leakage-like Gaussian kernel. The guiding properties and the sensing performance are numerically investigated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). A perfectly matched circular layer is used to absorb the radiation towards the surface. The sensor offers a maximum sensitivity of 1000nm/RIU with a sensor resolution of less than 1×〖10〗 ^(-4) RIU.The proposed sensor design shows promising results that can be used in the detection of biological and biochemical analytes.