مهرداد کلانتری

This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the digital transformation system in the tax organization and with the approach of foundational data theory. The researcher collected information with a qualitative approach and with a detailed review of the literature and the history of digital transformation, researches, articles and multiple domestic and foreign books, as well as field and targeted interviews with 18 university professors and experts of the tax organization. The researcher reached theoretical saturation in the twelfth interview and the interviews were stopped) and by using the foundational data theory and three-stage coding (open, central and selective), to analyze Qualitative data has been collected. Based on the findings of the research, the categories of intra-organizational factors and extra-organizational factors as independent variables as well as the categories; Identification, environmental requirements, development and maintenance were considered as moderator variables. This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of designing a model of the digital transformation system in the tax organization and with the approach of foundational data theory. The researcher collected information with a qualitative approach and with a detailed review of the literature and the history of digital transformation, researches, articles and multiple domestic and foreign books, as well as field and targeted interviews with 18 university professors and experts of the tax organization. The researcher reached theoretical saturation in the twelfth interview and the interviews were stopped) and by using the foundational

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metadiagnostic, mindfulness, and dialectical behavior therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy on the psychological inflexibility of pain in people with chronic pain associated with emotional problems. The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up plan with a control group. The research sampling method was purposive. In the quantitative part, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used. The results showed that the effect of the measurement time, the interaction between the measurement time and the group, and the effect of the group on the average scores of pain avoidance, cognitive fusion and flexibility The psychological intractability of total pain was significant. The average scores of pain avoidance and total pain inflexibility in the combined treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy groups were significantly lower than the control group, but the combined treatment group was better than the control group. Cognitive behavioral therapy had no significant difference. The mean cognitive fusion scores of the combined therapy group were significantly lower than those of the cognitive behavioral therapy groups. Combined therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be used as functional therapy to reduce the psychological inflexibility of pain in people suffering from chronic pain accompanied by emotional problems. Therefore, it is suggested to use these treatments in patients with chronic pain.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function-based training on enhancement of self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was single case study and A-B design. The statistical population included all children aged 6-8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in academic year 2016-2017. Sampling was performed by purposive method and 4 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were selected by psychiatrist using DSM-V and Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (Conners, 1969), and after recording baseline data, they were intervened in 8 sessions of 45 minutes. Finally, one month after the end of the intervention, follow-up data were collected. Assessment tools included Teacher and Parent Questionnaire (Conners, 1990) and Children's Self-Control Questionnaire (Kendall and Wilcox, 1979). Data were analyzed using in intra-situ method. Visual analysis of the findings showed that the intervention was effective on three of the four subjects and executive function training has an effect on self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Job burnout is one of the psychological problems that threaten therapists. This problem can lead to a decrease in service quality. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and paradigmatic schema mentalities therapy are two intervention methods that have been proposed to deal with job burnout. Both intervention methods have their advantages and limitations. Therefore, comparing the effectiveness of these two methods on job burnout in therapists is necessary and necessary research.

The main purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment of allegorical schema modes with cognitive behavioral therapy on therapists' job burnout.

The method of the current research is of semi-experimental type and the statistical population consisted of psychotherapists of therapeutic centers in the 3rd district of Tehran who were engaged in therapeutic work between December 2021 and December 2022. To select the sample size according to the research method, 15 people were selected for each group. In order to evaluate the variables of the research, the job burnout questionnaire of Moslesh and Jackson (1993) was used.

The findings showed that the F rate of the effect of the treatment of allegorical schema modes was not significant on the variable of emotional exhaustion and sense of success, and it was significant on the variable of depletion. Also, the F rate of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the variable of emotional exhaustion and depletion was not significant, and it was significant on the variable of feeling of success.

Based on the results of the present study, the effects of treatment methods on burnout scores did not fluctuate much in both and both were equally effective in this variable. It seems that both treatment methods are effective in reducing therapists' burnout. Therefore, it is expected that policy makers in the field of mental health will invest and promote such approaches to improve the health of psychotherapists

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified. Based on the identified cognitive damages, a rehabilitation package (in four areas: attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition) was developed to reduce adolescents' cognitive damages in cyberspace, to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed package, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were used. 40 active girls in cyberspace in Arak who were screened by the pathology inventory constructed, were selected by purposive method and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the implementation of the developed package improved the performance of the experimental group in attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition (p <0.001). It can be concluded that the developed cognitive rehabilitation package is also effective for improving the cognitive damages of adolescents in cyberspace.

The main purpose of this research was the effectiveness of therapy based on allegorical schema modes on chronic mood disorders and difficulty in regulating emotions of therapists.

Considering the main and fundamental goals of the current research, the research method used is practical according to the purpose and is semi-experimental in terms of the type of data. The statistical population of the present study consists of psychotherapists in the 3rd district of Tehran who were engaged in therapeutic work between December 1400 and December 1401. Sampling method and design were available as sampling. To select the sample size according to the research method, 15 people were selected for each group. The content of the treatment sessions of allegorical schema modes was about 10 to 12 treatment sessions. In order to evaluate the research variables, Bromz's 32-question mood questionnaire (Lin et al., 2007) was the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire by Gratz and Romer (2004). Analysis of covariance and t-test of two independent groups were used to analyze the data.

Based on the findings of the present research, the findings show that the F level of the effect of the allegorical schema modes treatment on the variables of tension, vitality, relaxation and happiness was significant.

The F rate of the effect of the treatment of allegorical schema modes on the variables of depression, tension, fatigue and confusion was not significant.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Alavi lifestyle intervention and CBT on the quality of life of students, assuming the positive effect of Alavi lifestyle education and increasing their quality of life. People with a suitable lifestyle have better health and quality of life. Lifestyle behaviors are not directly related to health, but they have an important impact on the quality of life and health of people.

The recent research was conducted qualitatively-quantitatively with a semi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test and follow-up. First, the lifestyle model was extracted from the Alavi way of life sources, and after the implementation of the quality of life questionnaire, the Alavi lifestyle training packages and CBT were used on the students.

Analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the difference in quality of life scores in the post-test and follow-up both in the lifestyle group and in the CBT group is significant compared to the pre-test. (The positive influence of lifestyle and CBT on the quality of life of students). While the effect of lifestyle intervention and CBT on students' quality of life is the same.

Therefore, using Alavi lifestyle training or CBT to improve the quality of life is the same and can lead to the improvement of the quality of life of all members of the society, especially students.

This research has been done to determine the effects of short term group therapy based on the predictive model of social anxiety and compare it with Hofmann's cognitive-behavioral group therapy on social anxiety symptoms in junior high school students. For screening, 210 students who were selected by cluster random sampling completed the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire. Thirty of them, whose scores were the highest on the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire, were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (model-based social anxiety group, Hoffman cognitive-behavioral social anxiety group, and control group). Experimental intervention was performed for group 1 (model-based therapy) and group 2 (Hoffman's cognitive-behavioral therapy). Group 3 (control) received no intervention. After six, 90minute, sessions of intervention for groups 1 and 2, all three groups completed the LaGreca Social Anxiety Questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group (P = 0.000). But no significant difference was found between experimental groups in decreasing social anxiety symptoms (p = 0.356). According to the findings of the study, model-based social anxiety group therapy was effective in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety. There was also no difference between the two experimental groups in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of commitment and acceptance therapy (experience-based therapy package) with cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety and depression and increasing quality of life in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of data collection, and was conducted in the form of a pre-test-post-test and a two-month follow-up with the control group. The statistical population includes all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who presented to the clinics of gastroenterologists in Isfahan in 2018-19. The statistical sample consisted of 39 female patients with IBS who were randomly selected and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life (QOL-IBS) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-21 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that both treatments had a significant effect on reducing anxiety, depression, and improving patients’ quality of life, and that this effect was stable until follow-up. Further (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups, so the use of either of these treatments is recommended as adjunctive therapy depending on the patient's condition and acceptability.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate an inventory of adolescent psychological pathology in cyberspace.

The research method was exploratory (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified and based on that, an inventory was constructed and validated. The statistical population in the qualitative section included available articles, professors of Arak, Isfahan, Qazvin Imam Khomeini universities and active adolescents in cyberspace in Arak. The sample was selected by purposive method. The statistical population in the quantitative section included active adolescents in cyberspace in Arak, 800 individuals of them (400 for exploratory factor analysis and 400 for confirmatory factor analysis) were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were a demographic information sheet, a researcher-made questionnaire on how to use cyberspace, and a semi-structured interview.

The content and face validity of the inventory were confirmed. In construct validity by exploratory factor analysis, 10 factors were extracted, which explained 78.43% of the variance. In confirmatory factor analysis, fit indicators were desirable. The reliability of the inventory was 0.98 with Cronbach's alpha and 0.82 with retest.

It can be concluded that the constructed inventory has good validity and reliability and can be used to assess the psychological damages of adolescents in cyberspace.

The purpose this study was to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas as cognitive factors and the role of difficulty in emotional regulation and coping styles as emotional factors in the prediction of gender dysphoria. This study was correlational. The statistical population included all individuals with gender dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. Hundred participants were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and completed questionnaires: Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Young Schema, coping styles, and Gender Identity Disorder The data were analyzed by stepwise regression .Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis in the field of difficulty in emotional regulation, the most important variable is limited strategies and the other important variables are the difficulty in performing the purposeful behavior, lack of emotional awareness and difficulty in controlling the momentum and the style of emotion-focused coping. The results of this analysis in the context of early maladaptive schemas extract the emotional exclusion schemas, distrust, and emotional inhibition. The results of this analysis, in general, show the most important variables in terms of limited strategies, distrust, difficulty in controlling impulse and emotional deprivation.

Sexual addiction is a growing disorder which is accompanied with many personal and social consequences. The current fundamental study aims to investigate and discover the factors affecting the development of sexual addiction, with a qualitative view at the experience, thoughts and feelings of patients with sex addiction. Using a qualitative method, 13 patients with sex addiction (10 male and 3 female) aged 21–50 were selected by purposeful sampling and interviewed in 2019 in Tehran with a semi-structured interview. Then, the data was analyzed by using a seven-step Colaizzi method. The results were categorized into three main categories including personal issues, family inefficiency and inattentiveness of the society about sex education, and further categorized into 11 subcategories. Our findings provide invaluable insights into sex addiction for physicians and other mental health providers. Given the lack of community planning and policy regarding the sex education for teachers, parents and youth, we emphasize the responsibility of parents in teaching healthy sexual behaviors to their children and adolescents.

Several studies have examined the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. But research that examines the effectiveness of this treatment in combination with Theraplay on the symptoms and function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder has been neglected.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on the symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay for 10 sessions of individual counseling, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale(CY-BOCS), Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised(COIS-R / P) and Marschak Interaction Method Behavior Rating System.

To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used. The findings of this study confirmed the effect of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on reducing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, improvement overall performance and the improvement of academic, social, family and daily livng skills performance(P<0/05).

The combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay is effective to reduce symptoms and improve Function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of schema therapy on the cognitive avoidance of female students with early maladaptive schema. The present study had an experimental design with pretest, posttest, control group and two months follow up period. The statistical population of the present study included secondary school female students with early maladaptive schema in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2019-2020.Thirty female students with early maladaptive schema were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (each group consists of 15 adolescents). The experimental group received eight seventy-five minute sessions of a schema therapy intervention over one month (Sayyadi et al., 2017). Two students from the experimental group and two from the control group withdrew from the study. The questionnaires used in the current study included Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (EMSQ) and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire (CAQ). The data obtained from the study were analyzed by repeated measures method ANOVA using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that schema therapy has a significant effect on cognitive avoidance of female adolescents with early maladaptive schema (p<0.001). The results of the present study suggest that schema therapy can be used as an effective therapy to reduce cognitive avoidance in female adolescents with early maladaptive schema.

Early maladaptive schemas can impair people's mental, cognitive, and emotional health. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the effectiveness of teaching skills based on schema therapy on the distress tolerance and psychological flexibility of female students with early maladaptive schema. The present study was experimental with a pretest, posttest, control group, and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included secondary high school female students with early maladaptive schema in the city of Isfahan in the academic year 2019-20. 30 female students with early maladaptive schema were selected through the available sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 adolescents). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute sessions of teaching skills based on schema therapy intervention for one month (Sayyadi et.al, 2017). Two students from the experimental group and two from the control group withdrew from the study. The applied questionnaires in the current study included the early maladaptive schema Questionnaire (Young, 1998), the distress tolerance Questionnaire (Simons, Gaher, 2005), and the psychological flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis, Vander Wal, 2010). The data taken from the study were analyzed via the repeated measurement ANOVA method through SPSS23 software. The results showed that teaching skills based on schema therapy has a significant effect on the distress tolerance and psychological flexibility of the female adolescents with early maladaptive schema (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that teaching skills based on schema therapy can be applied as an efficient therapy to increase distress tolerance and psychological flexibility of female adolescents with early maladaptive schema.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of parent – child cognitive behavioral therapy on emotional behavioral problems of grief children.

This research was an experimental study, with pretest - posttest – follow up design with control group. The statistical population included 7 to 11 years old girls without father and covered by the Relief Committee of Sari City and had emotional behavioral problems. The sample consisted of 16 girls, 7 to 11 years old, fatherless covered by Relief Committee that were selected purposefully and were equal in the two groups of intervention and control. The Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire was completed by their mothers before and after the intervention and one month follow-up. Parent-child cognitive-behavioral therapy was performed for the intervention group in the form of 8 sessions of 45 minutes weekly. The first to sixth sessions were for children and the seventh and eighth sessions were for their mothers. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance test.

Implementing parent-child cognitive-behavioral therapy led to a reduction in anxiety, depression, physical complaints, social problems, attention and thinking, law-breaking behaviors, and aggression in children in the intervention group. In addition, significant differences were observed between the two groups in the variables of anxiety, aggression, social problems and attention.

The use of parent – child cognitive-behavioral therapy, which simultaneously considers the surviving parent and the child in treatment process, can be effective in reducing emotional behavioral problems in children after parental loss.

Numerous studies have addressed the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to depression. However, there is a research gap between comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to depression and increased sexual activity behavior of patients with sexual addiction.

The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy. Depression and hyperactive sexual behavior of patients with sexual addiction.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design with a control group The statistical population of this study was men over 18 years of age with sexual addiction living in Tehran in 2019. Thirty patients were selected as a sample by snowball method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (10 patients). The tools of the present study are: Behavioral Cognitive Therapy Sessions (Location, 2014), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Sessions (Crossbow, 2011), Beck Depression Questionnaire (Beck et al., 1961) and Sexual Increase Sexual Questionnaire (Reid et al., 2011). ). Data analysis was performed by mixed variance analysis methods with repeated measurement, multivariate analysis of variance, Bonfroni test and Toki test.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy and treatment based on acceptance and commitment were effective in reducing depression and increased sexual activity in these patients (P< 0/05). there was no significant difference between the two treatment methods.

Patients who participated in cognitive-behavioral and acceptance therapy sessions based on acceptance and commitment had fewer depressive symptoms and increased sexual activity

Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects all aspects of the lives of children and these effects are less considered in the health and clinical system, so the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the severity of symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy treatment for 10 sessions of individual, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, Childrenchr('39')s Global Assessment Scale and Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised. To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used.

Comparison of experimental group with control group showed that the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group and the improvement of childrenchr('39')s overall function in the post-test and follow-up stages was confirmed (p≤.0.05). so that 71% and 63% of the changes in overall functioning and Total score of symptom severity are affected by acceptance and commitment therapy, respectively. But the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on family and social functioning was not significant (P≥0.05).

Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing symptoms and improving overall function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of maternal factors (attachment, parenting stress, maternal caregiving quality and parenting practices) in the development of behavioral problems in children.

The study was the type of descriptive research and conducted in the framework of a correlation design. The sample was consisted of 290 mothers of children 3 to 6 years old in Jiroft city that were selected through cluster sampling. Mothers completed a set of questionnaires containing Five Fact Mindfulness questionere (FFMQ), State Adult Attachment Scale (SAAS), preschool & kindergarten behavior Scales, Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (MCQS), Parenting Scale (PS) and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). In order to evaluate the relationships between variables in the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used.

The results indicated that the final model has a good fit after eliminating nonsignificant pathway of parenting practices to the child's behavioral problems. Thus, maternal factors could explain 51% of the variance of child behavioral problems.

The results support the role of maternal factors in the development of children's behavioral problems. The implications of findings of final model in parenting training discussed in detail

Most people show signs of behavior appropriate to their biological and physical gender. While a minority of people exhibit behaviors that are different from their sexual appearance, it is called Gender Dysphoria.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the Role of family function in the prediction of Gender Dysphoria in women and transgender men.

This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all individuals with Gender Dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. The participants included 50 women and 50 men with Gender Dysphoria were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and completed two questionnaires: family function questionnaire and gender identity disorder questionnaire. Statistical steps were performed using spss software version 21 and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression.

The results of regression analysis showed that the best predictor of gender dysphoria in transgender women is the Communication (p<0.010) and General Functioning (p<0.012) of the family, and in transgender men, the best predictor of gender dysphoria was Communication (p<0.017), Affective Responsiveness (p<0.039), and Affective Involvement (p<0.035).

Disrupted communication in family functioning can be a major contributor to Gender Dysphoria.

The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive emotion regulation strategies profile in students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity. The descriptive and survey method was used. The statistical population was all undergraduate students of the University of Isfahan in the academic year 2018-2019. According multistage cluster random sampling 314 students were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the discriminant analysis and multiple correlation method. Findings showed that among 9 investigated strategies in two groups of students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity, the catastrophizing, other-blame, rumination, acceptance were significant (P<0.001). Also, the differences in re-focusing on planning, positive re-evaluation, self-blame, and positive re-focusing between two groups were significant (P<0.05). Considering the small amount of Wilks Lambda and the high amount of the Chi-square and significance level, the audit function has obtained a good diagnostic power for explaining the dependent variable. Based on all cognitive emotion regulation strategies (except putting into perspective), the profile of students with high and low interpersonal sensitivity can be separated.

Millions of children around the world experience grief as a result of various events. However, the experience of grief after the death of a parent has the greatest negative impact on children and some of them, for various reasons, cannot adapt to the absence of parents and develop emotional behavioral problems such as anxiety disorders, depression, aggression, hyperactivity and academic problems. Researches has used several treatments for grief children that have somewhat reduced their problems But it is essential to use treatment appropriate to the needs and problems of children. The purpose of this study was to introduce a cognitive behavioral therapeutic package based on factors affecting the psychological problems of bereaved children.

The present research has been conducted qualitatively and in two ways: content analysis about interviews and thematic analysis about texts. The study population included mothers with grieving children, child therapists and books, published articles on grief in children. Ten mothers with grief children, 5 specialists in the field of grief children, and also internal and external books, dissertations and articles published and available from 1996 to 2020, were selected purposefully as the sample population. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and literature review. Colaizzi Method was used to analyze the interview information. After listening to and implementing the recorded statements, the following meaningful statements related to the factors affecting the psychological problems of children after the absence of a parent were underlined and important sentences were identified. Basic concepts that represent an important part of onechr('39')s thinking were extracted and categorized based on similarity. Then they were linked together to create organizing concepts. Finally, were referred to the participants for confirmation of the factors obtained from the interviews. During the thematic analysis of the texts, first the meaningful sentences in books, articles and dissertations were underlined and named in the form of basic concepts. Finally, from several basic concepts that had a common theme, organizing themes were formed that covered the factors influencing the psychological problems of bereaved children.

Based on the coding of interviews with specialists and mothers as well as review of texts,  four organizing themes, including factors related to child, family, nature of death, and supportive factors were identified as the main factors affecting emotional behavior problems in grief children. Child-related factors were at the forefront of the factors identified in the formation of psychological problems of grief children, so these factors were given more attention in the treatment package and  were selected basic themes including expressing the childchr('39')s thoughts and feelings about the death and deceased parent; comparing a child with peers and feeling different from them; childchr('39')s level of understanding of the components of death; child coping strategies; the quality of the childchr('39')s relationship with the deceased parent, surviving parent, siblings, peers and teacher. Since family-related factors of the second category were identified as effective factors in the occurrence of emotional behavioral problems in children, in particular, the significant role that the surviving parent has in reducing or increasing the problems of children mourning after the loss, so this factor was also considered in the treatment package. Among the family-related factors were the conditions of intervention and training for the researcher, lack of awareness of surviving parent from childchr('39')s needs and problems after loss; and parenting styles of surviving parent, which were capable of modification, constituted the components of therapeutic package. Factors related to the nature of death and socio-supportive factors, because they could not be changed and manipulated by the researcher, despite their importance in causing problems for bereaved children, were not included in the treatment package. Cognitive-behavioral therapy package consists of 8 sessions of 45 minutes per week, the first to sixth sessions are for mourning children and the seventh and eighth sessions are for their mothers. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment package, the Child Behavior Checklist can be used before and after the intervention.

Many causes can lead to or exacerbate psychological problems in bereaved children. Giving the opportunity to express emotions, informing the components of death on a cognitive level, and improving coping strategies and quality of childrenchr('39')s relationships with people around, also modifying parenting styles and informing surviving parent from the needs of children after a loss, all prevent the emotional behavior problems of grief children. Considering the centrality of child-related factors in the formation of psychological problems of bereaved children and the focus of treatment sessions on children, the results of this study can be used in schools, kindergartens, counseling centers and other situations that may be encountered by bereaved children. Because children who face any loss for various reasons, especially the loss of parents, need special attention from those around them. . In addition, therapists working in the field of children can use the results of the present study in educating families and surviving parents, as well as planning to treat the emotional behavioral problems of children affected by the death of parents and other missing persons.

Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of Frankelchr('39')s semantic therapy on frustration and suicidal thoughts. But there is a research gap in developing a model of meaning in life and comparing the effectiveness of model-based education with Frankelchr('39')s meaningful concepts of frustration and suicidal thoughts in second-year high school girls.

To formulate a model of meaning in life and to compare the effectiveness of model-based education with the meaningful concepts of Frankel on frustration and suicidal thoughts of female high school students.

The present study was correlational and quasi-experimental. The statistical population was 356 students of the twelfth grade of the second high school for girls in Ilam in 2018. Thirty people were randomly selected as a multi-stage cluster method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 individuals). The research tools are: Questionnaires on the meaning of life of Esther, Fraser, Oishi and Kaller (2006), Sherrchr('39')s general self-efficacy (1982), Brzonskichr('39')s identity styles (1989), Social Value Scale (Mohaghegh Saz, 2018), Scale Beckchr('39')s Suicidal Thoughts (1961), Beckchr('39')s Disappointment Scale (1986) and training sessions based on the model developed and the meaningful concepts of Frankelchr('39')s theory (researcher, 2018). Data analysis was performed by structural equation method and analysis of covariance and t-test.

Both teaching methods had a significant effect on reducing adolescent frustration and suicidal thoughts (P< 0/001). There was no significant difference between the two methods in terms of the effect of reducing frustration and suicidal thoughts.

Students who participated in the training sessions and benefited from the integrated compilation model had a lower rate of suicidal ideation and frustration

Previous studies have examined the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence on psychological well-being. But there is a research gap between comparing the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence education based on Qurchr('39')anic teachings and spiritual intelligence education based on Bowellchr('39')s view of studentschr('39') psychological well-being.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of spiritual intelligence training based on Quranic teachings and spiritual intelligence training based on Bowellchr('39')s view on psychological well-being of Isfahan students.

The research was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, followup with control group (unequal groups). The statistical population included all students of the University of Isfahan (15171 people) in the academic year 2017-2018. Fifty-five of these students were randomly selected as random samples and 40 randomly assigned to experimental groups (20 in the group based on Quranic teachings and 20 in the Bawl perspective group) and 15 in the control group. Were replaced. The tools of the present study are: sessions of teaching spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings (2020), teaching spiritual intelligence based on Bowlchr('39')s point of view (2004) and Riffchr('39')s psychological well-being questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis method.

Both spiritual intelligence trainings based on Quranic teachings and based on Bowlchr('39')s view had a significant effect on studentschr('39') psychological well-being (P< 0/05). There was no significant difference between the two views in terms of the effect on psychological well-being (P< 0/05).

Students who participated in the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Quranic teachings and the teaching of spiritual intelligence based on Bowlchr('39')s view gained higher psychological well-being.

The present study aimed to identify the role of personality traits and irrational beliefs in the incidence of Gender Dysphoria. For this purpose, 100 individuals with Gender Dysphoria who were selected by available sampling method completed a short form of neo-personality characteristics scale and irrational beliefs questionnaire. Data were analyzed by regression analysis. The results of the analysis on the prediction of Gender Dysphoria based on personality traits showed that extroversion and neuroticism predict a total of 50 percent of variance of Gender Dysphoria And The variables of irrational beliefs show that the most important factor of the sum of the variables of irrational beliefs, high expectations of self, the need for others to confirm, the tendency to blame and helplessness to change, which predict a total of 48% of the variance of Gender Dysphoria.According to research findings, the role of personality traits and irrational beliefs in the incidence of sexual Gender Dysphoria.