مهندس علیرضا دهقانی

Since the 20th century, Western Shia scholars have published works and studies about Shia imams (PBUH), which in many cases present an incomplete and incorrect image of them. About the 11th Imam, Imam Hasan Askari, this problem can be seen more, especially because compared to some of the pure Imams, even Shia scholars have paid less attention to him independently. In this article, we tried to present the image of Imam Hasan Askari in the most important Western specialized and general encyclopedias and then examine and criticize it. The result of this study suggests that Western encyclopedias have presented a dim picture of the personality, life and era of Imam Hasan Askari and that picture is sometimes incomplete and distorted.

Neurofibromatosis is one of the phacomatosis syndromes that affects different organs in the body and is divided into two types. Neurofibromatosis type 1 can cause eye involvement in various forms, including eyelid, conjunctiva, iris or optic nerve involvement. Involvement of retinal vessels in the form of retinal ischemia is rare in this disease and usually occurs in the second or third decades of life and is controlled by laser treatment or surgery.

Case Report:

 In this report, we introduce a 3-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 who suffered severe retinal ischemia. This child suffered unilateral retinal involvement in the form of ischemic retinopathy with retinal and vitreous hemorrhage in her left eye, and despite two vitrectomy and retinal laser surgery in the left eye, the retinal involvement progressed and eventually the vision in the left eye was lost.

This report shows for the first-time retinal involvement at a young age in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and its resistant nature.

Considering the importance of knowledge management and its role in advancing organizations, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of green intellectual capital and green technological innovations on knowledge management. This research is of a descriptive type and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The statistical population of this research includes the employees of South Khorasan Oil Company, the total size of the statistical population is 170 people. 118 people were selected by simple random sampling method using Morgan's table. The data collection tool is the knowledge management questionnaire of Patrick et al. (2009) and the intellectual capital questionnaire of Sabz Darvishi and Ziaei (2016) and the technological innovations of Sabz Darvishi and Ziaei (2016). In order to analyze data and test hypotheses, Pearson correlation method, multiple regression analysis and structural equation model were used. The results of the findings showed that among the dimensions of green intellectual capital, the effect of green relational capital and green structural capital on knowledge management is significant but the impact of green human capital and green technological innovations on knowledge management is not significant. So, green structural capital and green relational capital play an effective role in advancing the knowledge management of organizations' employees. The knowledge management coefficient is 496%, which means that 49.6% of knowledge management changes are influenced by relational capital and green structural capital. Also, the model fit index shows the appropriate fit of the research structural model.

Mesenchymal stem cells and their secretions contain various factors that have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of environment derived from stem cell from apical papilla (SCAP) on H2O2-induced retinal toxicity in rats.

Twenty healthy rats were selected for this study, all of which underwent intravitreal H2O2 injection in days 1 and 2 of the right eye. They were then randomly divided into two groups: no other intervention was performed in the first group, but in the second group, on the fifth day, the conditioned medium adjacent to the stem cell of apex of the dental papilla were injected into the vitreous of the right eye. The left eye was considered as the control. After two weeks, all rats were euthanized and histological evaluation was performed.

Retinal thickness in the second group (236.8 ± 20.8 microns) was closer to the control group compared to the first group (199.9 ± 65.3 microns) which was statistically significant.

This study showed that the Conditioned medium adjacent to SCAP contains secretory factors that can have a protective effect on damaged retinal cells and reduce the rate of retinal atrophy.

Today, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays an important role in ophthalmology and automated analysis of OCT images is very important, The need for labeled data and manual segmentation of these data by the ophthalmologist and limited labeled data are challenges in the field of medical imaging and a large number of labeled data is needed to train deep learning algorithms as well as to evaluate the performance of image processing algorithms.

The data of this project include OCT dataset in the presence of retinal abnormality in age-related macular degeneration disease, obtained from AREDS2 Ancillary device at Duke University. Seventy B scans that are randomly selected from the above set are used to train the algorithm. The active shape model is used to generate synthetic boundaries, and new images are produced similar to the shapes in the training set.

Considering the anatomical features of the existing images such as the number and thickness of the layers as well as the brightness related to them, data with high similarity are produced in the presence of anomalies. Synthetic data were reviewed by an ophthalmologist to evaluate the results.

The proposed model is designed to fill the gap in the production of OCT Synthetic data in the presence of anomalies, using important features such as the boundary of the main layers of the retina and disease-damaged tissue, and can be used as a data set for training deep learning-based algorithms as well as performance of segmentation algorithms.

The purpose of this study was to compare the document of fundamental transformation of the education with Khajeh nasiroddin tosi ’s educational ideas to aspects of anthropology,epistemology and theology . The present study ,considering the subject and the research axis , was a kind of conceptual,inferencial research of comparison. Research field in this research includes texts , researches and documents related to the principles, goals and components of education in education that have been extracted from the available resources in relation to research in the education system of  Islam. The results of the research indicate that the transformation document correspond to Khaje nasir’s educational ideas in some parts and it is induced that there are some differences between them. The transformation document like Khaje nasir’ s ideas are the same in anthropology domain like power and free will human composity, believe in future life, reasoning and intellectualizing. Despoite these similarities , there are also some differences. The transformation document and Khaje nasir’s ideas are the same in epistemological area. Khaje nasir believes that real epistemology is hindsighting the intellectualies but the transformation document in revelation.Both of them know the revelation as the most important way of acquiring wisdom . In the field of theology, the document of transformation, such as the educational views of Khajeh Nasir considers revelation as the most important way to acquire knowledge.

In this study, we introduce a new class of two-mode qutrit-like entangled states based on the `Near' coherent states. They link to a specific class of non-classical states, namely, photon added coherent states, which makes them capable candidates in quantum information processes. Based on these states, various superpositions such as the two-qubit entangled states, have been introduced and studied by various authorities, which is evidence for their valuable quantum properties. Therefore, based on the above-mentioned relationship and the emergence of controllable non-classical properties of these states, in this work, we seek to analyze the effect of adding photons to two-qutrit entangled states. For this purpose, we present a general analysis of non-classical properties such as the photon statistics and entanglement with emphases on the control role of the shift parameter of these states. We apply the generalized I-concurrence measure to quantify the entanglement and the condition in which quantum entanglement can be enhanced and maximized. Comparing with some cases already discussed in the literature, we can see that the photon addition, which is equivalent to selecting a specific shift parameter, plays an important role in non-classical effects, and this operation can be applied to enhance and preserve the entanglement.

The dominance of Aristotelian discourse in classical Islamic thought caused moral notions to be further explored from a philosophical standpoint among Muslim intellectuals, while historical matters were always implicitly suppressed; the concept of sajīyyah was no exception to this rule. There have been a few recent research on ancient Islamic ethical concepts. These few studies and attempts, however, do not demonstrate how the usage and understanding of such conceptions influenced the formation of Islamic moral views during the early and medieval Islamic periods. In this article, we use evidence from Islamic historical texts from the first and middle Islamic centuries to explain the evolution of Muslims’ understanding of sajāyā from an intrinsic to a non-intrinsic entity. It will be demonstrated how imported forms of ideas in the Islamic world imposed their tendencies into Islamic moral thought and led this notion to be obscured and removed from its historical reality for centuries. In the pre-Islamic time and subsequently, at the advent of the Prophet Mohammad, sajīyyah was regarded as a natural, instinctive, and non-acquired phenomenon. As a result, the Arabs referred to the good or evil qualities inherited from one’s parents as “sajīyyah,” in which education played no role. This perception was able to make deterministic approaches happy, but their happiness did not last long; rather, with the intellectual developments starting in the second century AH and the dominance of Muʿtazilī approaches, that believed in human free will, sajīyyah shifted from the concept we mentioned to attributes that could be acquired and in which education played a role. All of the evidence suggests that our current understanding of "sajāyā" is a fragment of an older idea that was likewise subject to change and evolution. On this premise, in the ancient Arab civilization, this term referred to anything that derived solely from man's nature, his instincts, and had no relation with man's decision or choosing. On the other hand, according to this old and Jāhilī moral system, praiseworthy qualities were commended in actuality and truth if they came from the person's nature, and if they didn't, it was regarded artificiality and pretense. Perhaps this explains why this term is seldom used in ethical narratives, because the person's decision was not thought to have a role in the construction of qualities. However, we find a new trend to understand "sajāyā" in a framework that is more compatible with what the proponents of rationalization discourse seek with the advent of rational currents and discourses from the second century onwards. This new reading attempted to give a fresh reading of "sajāyā" in three notions, with diverse contributors and currents whose work lasted until the Islamic Middle Ages. For the first notion, it was always intended to imply that not all moral acts are based on what a person has been given, and that other behaviors are based on a person's desire and will. The second notion was an attempt to promote that acquired and intention-based moral qualities are preferable than natural praiseworthy acts. The third notion was to shift the definition of “sajāyā” from a natural, subjective command to a voluntary, productive command in which human will and voluntary efforts play a significant role. This paper will take a historical approach to both ancient and medieval Islamic writings. As a result, this study tries to answer problems like these: How can the relevant texts be re-read in the context of their ealry conceptions? Is this new reading leading us to believe that there was a change in the perception of "sajāyā" during the first and middle Islamic centuries? What was the outcome of this historical development?

The purpose of this paper is to validate the Return on Expectations Evaluation Model (ROE). The study population was the stakeholders of training program at IRIB which 465 of them were selected by proportional stratified random sampling. The content validity of the measurement tool was based on the expert's view, and CVI and CVR forms, and its reliability was based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.975. Collected data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling and LIZREL software. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis indicated that path coefficients between all variables were significant at P<0.01 level. The results of the second-order factor analysis and path analysis, while fitting the model, showed that 17 path coefficients of the hypothesized between the different variables of the model were significant at p<0.05 level. The ROE model adapt to the latest developments in the field of training evaluation. It is result and process-oriented model, provides a new definition of the training effectiveness concept based on stakeholder expectations for training programs, and can evaluate the effectiveness of IRIB training programs based on that organization stakeholders' expectations.

Regarding the evolution of training evaluation, this paper seeks to examine the new concept of return on expectations in the field of training with quality approach and documentary research method. The method for data analysis was thematic analysis. Searching in scientific databases include Irandoc, Magiran, Sivilica, Elsevier, Emerald, Google Scholar, Amazon, Science Direct, IEEE, Springer, SAGE, obtained 92 documents and sources, that 19 of them were selected in the process of reviewing and selecting documents. The triangulation method was used to increase the validity and reliability coefficient calculated using the Holsti method was 85.9. The process of coding was carried out by MAXQDA software. In this process, 632 codes were obtained that were categorized in the form of 55 basic themes, 11 organizing themes and one global theme. In the end, the thematic network of return on expectations in training evaluation was provided, and based on the relationship between the organizing themes in the literature and through semi-structured interviews with 5 training evaluation experts the return on expectations training evaluating model (ROE) was designed. The components of this process model include: attributes, requirements, identifying stakeholders, determining the expectations, indexing, designing the training, delivering training, evaluating, supporting actions, monitoring, feedback, and consequences. This model can show and increase the effectiveness of training programs based on indicators derived from stakeholder expectations.

In this paper, a Hamiltonian model that includes interaction of two two-level atoms with a codirectional Kerr nonlinear coupler via the Raman non-degenerate two-photon transition is introduced. The atomic interaction is assumed in the dipole-dipole form and the total system is also in thermal equilibrium with the environment. The total excitation number operator, as the constant of motion of system provides a decomposition of the Hilbert space of system into direct sums of invariant subspaces. As a result, the representation of the Hamiltonian becomes block-diagonal matrix. By diagonalizing each of blocks, we obtain eigenvalues and corresponding eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. Then we obtain thermal state of system in the whole Hilbert space and within its excitation subspaces. We quantify thermal entanglement between the atoms in the Hilbert space of system and within its excitation subspaces using the measure of concurrence. Finally, the effect of temperature and system parameters on the degree of thermal entanglement is investigated. The results show that in the subspaces with odd excitation number, the atomic thermal entanglement is thermally robust and remains constant.

Due to lack of surface water, the most important option for water supply in arid and semi-arid areas is from groundwater resources and one of the engineering measures to use the floods for improving groundwater resources is the implementation of artificial recharge systems. The purpose of the present study is to provide a model-based framework based on several quantitative indicators such as recharge efficiency and flood attenuation rate for assessing the performance of artificial recharge systems. Considering the capabilities of hydrological, hydraulic and seepage models, the combination of these models was used to estimate the parameters of the indicators. Finally, by determining the indices for floods with different return periods, their average values were determined using the expected value. The studied system (Emamzade Abdollah, Sorkheh) had a good performance based on recharge efficiency and flood attenuation rate indicators in events with frequency of more than 0.2, and the average value of these two indicators was 0.54 and 0.93, respectively. Due to the model based characteristic of the proposed framework, it has the potential to be used in similar cases.

The purpose of this study was to Comparing Education Management Model and Discovery Model of Teaching Based on their overhauling & common dimensions. With regard to purpose this study is of the applied type and in case of data collection, it Was descriptive- Survey Research. The Population of this study consisted of higher education students in the educational administration field in Kharazmi University, Islamic Azad University, Science And Research Branch Islamic Azad University and Roudehen Branch (N=86). In this study, a census method used. data were collected through, A researcher-made questionnaire. The Content validity of questionnaire was obtained through experts of educational administration field and Their reliability was estimated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.956). Using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, homogeneous matrix of correlations, t-dependent and Wilcoxon test) the data was analyzed. The results of the study indicated that: there are Education Management Model and Discovery Model of Teaching overhauling and applying ability in different levels of education, courses and lessons and they have an effective feature in the learning process. Also, statistically significant difference was observed between the two. The results showed significant upper effects of Education Management Model in the three comprehension dimensions and seven common characteristics (creativity was the same) than Discovery Model of Teaching.

Western Shiite researchers have published many works on Shiite Imams since the twentieth century onward. Most of these works show an incomplete and inaccurate picture of the Imams, especially, in the works about Imam Hassan Asgari (AS) much research has not been done by Islamic and Shiite Scholars. The main question is to see how do Western Shiite researchers have illustrated the eleventh Imam? This study, by examining specialized texts and encyclopedias published in the West, has shown that Westerners have paid less attention to Imam Hassan Askari than other Shi'ite imams. Only three articles and one work on attributed commentary to him have been penned about this imam. However, these few works have also presented an incomplete and even distorted picture of the eleventh Imam.

Previous studies suggest that retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness decreases over time in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be a marker of disease activity for patients’ follow-up. Here, we aimed to compare RNFL thickness in patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) during three years of follow-up.
During this prospective study, patients with diagnosis of RRMS and history of optic neuritis were included in the study. Demographic features and disease characteristics were collected and they underwent Optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT was repeated after three years and obtained amounts were compared.
A total of 12 patients (11 women) with mean age of 35.6 ± 6.1 years and mean disease duration of 5.3 ± 5.8 were included in the study. RNFL thickness was 101.27 ± 9.15μm and 92.00 ±7.96 μm in the left eye at the baseline and after 3 years, respectively (P-value We found a significant decrease in RNFL thickness in RRMS patients after 3 years of follow up, in spite of getting immunomodulatory treatment. We recommend OCT as an inexpensive and feasible tool for outcome measurement in RRMS patients.

Ophthalmic disorders are more prevalent in children with hearing loss. This study aimed to investigate the types and frequencies of ophthalmic disorders in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and cochlear implant.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 children aged 3-18 years in Isfahan City, Iran, in 2017. Patients were selected via simple random sampling method. Visual acuity and strabismus were examined and direct ophthalmoscopy, dry and cycloplegic refraction tests, and slit lamp examination with a hand-held lens were done. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square tests.
Findings: Mean age (SD) of children was 8.0 (3.4) years. 26 (51%) were boys and 25 (49%) were girls. 24 patients (47.1%) had at least one ophthalmic disorder. There were 8 patients (15.7%) with decreased visual acuity, 13 (25.5%) with refractive errors, 4 (7.8%) with amblyopia, 4 (7.8%) with strabismus, and 9 (17.6%) with retinal abnormality. Diagnosis of 3 patients was consistent with Usher syndrome and one with Goldenhar syndrome. Decreased visual acuity was more frequent in boys than in girls (P = 0.02).
According to remarkable frequencies of ophthalmic disorders among our study sample, early screening of visual disorders is suggested to be done in children with definite diagnosis of hearing loss.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of deep vitrectomy surgery at the Feiz Ophthalmology center in Isfahan, Iran.
This was a retrospective descriptive study on patients underwent deep vitrectomy in Feiz Medical Center during 2011 to 2015. Reviewing patient's medical records and information including demographic data was done and the data were analyzed.
Findings: In this study, 2437 patients undergoing deep vitrectomy were reviewed, with a mean age of 54.25 ± 17.40 years, of them, 56.4% were men. 35.2% and 37.2% of patients had visual acuity of hand motion and counting fingers, respectively. Vitrectomy was performed in right eye in 49.2% of the patients. The most common cause of vitrectomy was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (35.3%), followed by retinal detachment (29.3%). 7.5% of patients had a history of previous vitrectomy.
Deep vitrectomy surgery is common in ophthalmology centers and is more common in men, and in the age category of 50-70 years. Generally, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinal detachment were the most common causes of deep vitrectomy in this study.

Abasalt Abd al-Salam Ibn Salih (16- 236 A.H) is a well known Hadith narrator at the time of Imam Reza and Imam Javad ( A.S). This research seeks to explore various aspects of Abasalt’s life and personality. It is ranging from investigation on his communication with Imam Reza to his ideology especially the issue of disagreements over his true belief in Islam from among Sunni and Shiite Ulama. The research also studies on the dispute over the location of his grave. Based on authenticated sources this research finds that in his early days Abasalt used to follow Sunni school of thought, however, later on he converted to Imamieh Shiite and became one of Imam Reza's certain companions.

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is a disease with serious complications that already does not have any standard treatment. Some studies and experiences had shown that intravitreal erythropoietin injection has a neuroprotective effect. But there are some different and inconsistent results in those studies. So, the aim of this study was determining the effect of intravitreal injection of erythropoietin in treatment of the disease.
In a clinical trial study, 40 eyes (from 38 patients) were selected and randomly divided in two groups. In the first group, 2000 IU erythropoietin was injected in vitreous and the second group did not receive erythropoietin. Visual acuity and visual field were measured before and three months after the treatment and compared between the two groups.
Findings: The mean visual acuity was improved in the treatment group (P Intravitreal injection of erythropoietin in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy leads to remarkable and significant improvement of visual acuity and field 3 months after the injection. So, this treatment strategy is advised in patients with suitable condition and without any contraindication by ophthalmologists. To evaluate the long-term effects, further studies are recommended.