مژده خداپناه

To investigate the structural relationships between chronic pain and body mass index mediated by eating behaviors, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and pain catastrophizing.

The research method was structural equation modeling and the statistical population of men and women with chronic pain referred to the orthopedic, physiotherapy, neurology wards of Al-Ghadir Hospital and orthopedic specialists of Farahbakhsh clinics in Tehran in spring, summer and autumn of 2022, of which 400 they were selected by purposive sampling method and participated in the research. Data were used to calculate participants' body mass index and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986), Chronic Pain (Vankorff et al, 1990), Pain Anxiety Symptom Scale (Pain-Related Fear) (McCracken & Dhingra, 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Questionnaire (Patterson and Reese, 1992) and Pain Catastrophic Scale (Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995) were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling in Amos21 software.

The results showed that the model has a good fit with the observed data (df2c <3, GFI, AGFI and CFI> 0.90 and RMSEA <0.08). Chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain, and eating behaviors can explain 29.6% of the variance in body mass index. 55.2% of the variance of eating behaviors is explained by chronic pain, pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, and catastrophic pain.

To prevent and treat obesity in people with pain, the variables of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic pain and eating behaviors should be targeted.

Considering the prevalence of obesity, it is important to examine the factors that affect it. Recent study investigated the relationship among brain-behavioral systems, impulsivity, alexithymia, cognitive emotion regulation (adaptive and maladaptive) and eating behaviors. This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of women and men with overweight and obesity referring to health centers, and sports clubs of Tehran in autumn and winter of 2016-2017, selected by convenient sampling, 500 of them were selected. The data were collected through the Duct behavior questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, Measurement of Inhibition / Behavioral Activation Systems, Barrett-11's impulsiveness and Toronto's alexithymia. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling in SPSS21 and AMOS software. Except for the regression coefficient, all direct and indirect path coefficients between adaptive cognitive emotion regulation and eating behaviors are significant (P<0.05), and predictive variables explain 58.6% of the variance of eating behaviors (P<0.05). Also, the findings showed that adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation, relatively mediated the relationship between brain-behavioral systems, impulsivity, alexithymia and eating behaviors. Finally, it was determined that the model (after the modification was conducted based on statistical results and theoretical views) fit better the observed data. The variables of brain-behavioral systems, impulsivity, alexithymia and cognitive-emotional regulation play an important role in predicting eating behaviors in overweight and obesity patients, thus, in their efforts to prevent and treat overweight and obesity, as well as to preserve the therapeutic effects, these variables should be considered.

This study investigated the Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Brain-Behavioral Systems and eating behaviors among individuals with overweight and obesity by structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of women and men suffering from overweight and obesity who went to health centers, and sports clubs of Tehran in autumn and winter of 2017. Using convenient sampling method, 500 of them were selected. Duct behavior questionnaire (Van Strien, Frijters, Bergers & Defares, 1986), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski & Kraaij, 2006), Measurement of Inhibition / Behavioral Activation Systems (Carver & White, 1994) were used for gathering data. Findings showed that maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation relatively mediated the relationship between brain-behavioral systems, and eating behaviors. Finally ,it was determined that the model (After the modification of model based on statistical results) had a better fit to the observed data. And predictive variables significantly explained 53 percent of eating behaviors. Brain-behavioral systems and emotional cognitive regulation play an important role in predicting eating behaviors in overweight and obese patients, so their role should be considered in prevention and treatment programs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of BATD on the treatment of obese women with depression and anxiety. In this study, 45 obese women (45 patients with a BMI equal to or greater than kg/m2 30) suffering from depression and anxiety were divided randomly into three groups of fifteen. All members of these groups were matched in terms of age, sex, education level and BMI. Research tools of this study included Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State-trait Anxiety Inventory,and treatment package of BATD. After taking a pre-test, the experiment group underwent 10 sessions of BATD, the regimen group received the treatment concerning the reduction of weight, and the third group received no treatment. After the termination of these interventions, the subjects took a post-test. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that behavioral activation treatment for depression(BATD) was effective in reducing the anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients with obesity. One of the probable reasons for the effectiveness of BATD, the increase of the level of pleasant, important activities and the promising events in the patient’s life can be mentioned. Finally, the results of this study are consistent with the results of other research.

The main aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of the obese individuals comparing with the normal subjects and those who recovered by diet regime on the executive function. Three groups of women subjects from Tehran city including obesity group (N= 30, BMI ≥30 kg/m2), recovered obesity group (N=30, has reduced their weight by diet), and normal control group (N=30, without any history of obesity and psychological problems) who were matched by age and level of education were participated at this study. The instruments were included Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop task, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State – Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results showed that obese group and recovered group performed worse than normal group on Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST) and Stroop task. The results are consisting with the previous findings and also indicated that the obese patients suffer from cognitive problems.