میثم لطیفی

Realizing an Islamic government is one of the necessities facing the Islamic Republic system in the second phase of the revolution. This research aims to explain the main assumptions and social and political foundations of the Islamic Public Administration (IPA) Paradigm. Using the scoping review method, 95 works with a paradigmatic view of public administration were examined, and eight main paradigms were identified. Then, through a meta-synthesis study, the paradigm-forming dimensions and components of public administration were designed in the form of three main dimensions, nine sub-dimensions, and 19 components. Subsequently, through deductive (modified) thematic analysis of the works of Imam Khamenei (may Allah protect him), the main assumptions and social and political foundations of the Islamic Public Administration (IPA) Paradigm were extracted and compared with conventional Anglo-American paradigms. The results show that this paradigm is based on monotheism in worldview, holistic approach in epistemology, human responsibility in anthropology, and revelatory rationality. Additionally, the formation of a monotheistic society as opposed to an ignorant society, the theory of right and wrong, the theory of guardianship, and the system of religious democracy (Islamic Republic) were identified as the social and political foundations of this paradigm. This research, by providing a theoretical framework for the Islamic Public (IPA) Administration Paradigm, paves the way for further studies in this field.

This article aims to design a growth and maturity pattern for Faith based non-governmental organizations. The research employs a grounded theory method with Glaser’s approach. Data for this study were derived from an examination of five successful mosques in the field of educational development, using interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal that the mosque organizational growth pattern consists of eight stages: Prayer Hall Mosque, Awakening Mosque, Educational Mosque, Institutionalized Mosque, Influential Community Mosque, Service Mosque, Strategic Hub Mosque, and Civilization Mosque. Each of these stages is analyzed across eight dimensions: Leadership and Management, Approaches and Programs, Educational and Organizational Systems, Budget and Resources, Member Involvement, Scope of Influence, Obstacles, and Accelerators. Additionally, considering the phenomena of branching and network formation, the growth pattern of mosques is modeled. The results show that, mosque organizational growth is associated with the expansion of activities and the reach of its audience, with progress depending on the growth of its members and contributors.The growth of mosques begins with individual and unsystematic efforts and becomes a key institution in society with the development of educational, management and service systems. This model is a guide for mosques and related institutions to understand the stages of growth and make more targeted planning for their development and role. Also, the phenomenon of branching and networking, as a natural phenomenon in the path of growth, helps to expand the effectiveness of the mosque.

This study aims to identify the antecedents of brand archetypes through a cross-sectional analysis conducted in Hamedan, a city in western Iran, between 2020 and 2021.
 
This research is both fundamental and applied in its objectives, qualitative in nature, and field-based in its execution. Data was collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with open-ended questions, accompanied by note-taking. Given that the research is survey-based with non-probability, purposive sampling, the target population for each brand was determined separately. The samples were selected intentionally based on specific characteristics known to the researcher beforehand, ensuring they would contribute meaningfully to the research objectives. Interviews were conducted with brand owners, managers of well-known brands, and marketing professors. A phenomenological approach and coding using Maxqda software were employed to extract features that serve as antecedents of brand archetypes. Based on these features, the archetype for each brand was determined.
 
The study involved 137 interviews across 12 selected brands. Coding these interviews using Maxqda generated 2,316 codes, consisting of 457 sub-codes, 79 semi-sub-codes, and 12 main codes. From these interviews, specific features were identified as antecedents to each brand's archetype. The findings reveal the following archetypes for the respective brands: Apple as the Creator, Xbox as the Magician, Pepsi as the Jester, Jeep as the Explorer, Diesel as the Outlaw, Rolex as the Ruler, Sony as the Sage, Chanel as the Lover, Coca-Cola as the Innocent, Gap as the Everyman, Nike as the Hero, and Niva as the Caregiver.
 
The results of this study suggest that archetypes help in understanding the meaning and concept of a brand, serving as crucial tools for marketing and branding, and distinguishing brands from one another. A brand’s personality is a significant factor in attracting customers. It is the brand’s personality that shapes how customers feel about the brand. Each brand, through its archetypes, connects with customers who have similar personalities. For a brand to succeed in the market, it must establish a deep and meaningful connection with its customers. This connection fosters a sense of loyalty and trust, ultimately attracting customers to the brand and creating customer satisfaction. One of the most effective strategies for building a strong emotional bond between a brand and its customers is to design the brand’s personality around archetypes. This approach deeply influences the customer’s perceptions and emotions, transforming ordinary buyers into loyal, lifelong patrons. The brand’s personality determines how customers feel about it. Brands must connect deeply and meaningfully with their customers, and the best way to achieve this is by designing their personalities based on archetypes. Additionally, the findings of this study can be leveraged to develop effective marketing and branding strategies that build a brand’s identity by utilizing the antecedents of brand archetypes.

The realization of religious society depends on the success of religious institutions, and the mosque is the most extensive and effective Islamic institution. Despite the differences, there are many commonalities in the functioning of successful mosques. Modeling successful mosques is one of the measures to improve mosques. The important point in modeling is knowing the main factors of success and distinguishing them from other characteristics of successful mosques. This research aims to understand the pattern of success of mosques in the field of education. This research is of qualitative type and thematic analysis method is used in it. The research data has been extracted from the results of the study of the twenty best mosques in the country in the field of education. The results indicate that eleven main factors and 39 secondary factors play a key role in the success of mosques in the field of education. The important factors of success are: the leader of Aswah, the educational system that builds staff, the development of organizational education in the sisters' department, the coherence of religious organizations, educational and organizational comprehensiveness, interaction with students and the seminary, interaction between the mosque and the school and the family, the spirit of jihad, removing obstacles to the youth's activities, Expanding the mission and expanding the model, peripheral service.

The previous decade in the history of administration of Islamic revolution of Iran has been drawn to the future of country, based on the national and meta documents. However, meanwhile these documents are not designed step by step and phase to phase, they are left as mere documents and finally leads to masses of impractical documents. In this study, roadmapping is introduced as a method for regulating meta documents to phase to phase processes and to clarify the areas of responsibilities in this regard. Hence, the importance of documentation in bringing coordination and consensus among policy makers and practitioners and determining responsible- administrative institutions. In addition, the concept of roadmapping and its history has been clarified in different fields of science and technology. Moreover, in addition to defining types and methodology of roadmapping, some implications has been explained in the process of designing and operationalization of documents and national strategic documents which are: precedence of meta documents over roadmapping and operational program and the strategic documents to be understandable for policy makers, administratives and individuals. Observance of operational standards in national documens and supporting documents, the mechanism of making consensus in implementing of strategic documents, the necessity if doing national straregic documents step by steps, the necessity of putting the strategic documents into animation and avoidance of keeping in stagnation, paying attention to target population and employing proper infrastructure in this regard. The authors believe that roadmapping has a great capacity in designing, writing down, employing and promoting documents, maps, meta and operationalized program of the country.

This research was conducted with the aim of designing model of antecedents’ archetypes brand formetive cross-sectionally during the years 1399 to 1400 in the city of Hamadan, Qazvin, Sanandaj and Kermanshah.

This research is a field research in terms of its fundamental and practical purpose, in terms of descriptive survey method, in terms of the type of research data, and in terms of place and time of implementation. After 10 to 12 in-depth semi-structured interviews for each brand with the owners and managers of reputable brands and marketing professors using the phenomenology and coding method using Maxqda12 software, a series of features were extracted as archetypal antecedents of the same brand and based on the codes, questionnaires were designed and Individual forms were distributed among 201 customers who were consumers of the brand and had at least ten years of attitudinal or behavioral loyalty to the brand and collected data. Due to the non-normality of the research data in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation tests were used using SPSS and Smart PLS software. After confirming the reliability, convergent and divergent validity, the quality or validity of the model is checked and at the end the test of the overall model of the research is conducted, which shows the appropriate fit of the model and the model presented by the researcher is approved. To extract the Antecedents Archetypes Brand Formetive, considering brands that have a subconscious collective, were selected for Apple Brand Creator archetype, Xbox Brand Magician archetype, Pepsi Brand Jester archetype, Jeep Brand Explorer archetype, Diesel Brand Outlaw archetype, Rolex Brand Ruler archetype, Sony Brand Sage archetype, Chanel Brand Lover archetype, Coca Cola Brand Innocent archetype, Gap Brand Everyman archetype, Nike Brand Hero archetype, Niva Brand Caregiver archetype. Based on the model obtained from the research, a series of characteristics were extracted as the antecedents of the archetype of each brand.

Using the coding method, 2316 codes including 457 sub-codes, 79 semi-sub-codes and 12 main codes were extracted from 137 interviews, then 12 questionnaires were designed and a total of 2412 questionnaires were distributed for 12 selected brands in the distribution research and the findings were analyzed. and finally, the Formetive antecedents of each of Jung's 12 Archetypes in marketing were extracted from the data. For each brand separately, a series of factors were obtained from the interviews and questionnaires as the antecedents of the same brand, which indicated and confirmed the specific archetype of the same brand and fulfilled the purpose of the research. For example, The findings of the research show that the antecedents archetypes Formetive: Different thinking, Creative and passionate, Transforming ideas into reality, Innovative and impactful, With quality and a long history, Smiling and funny, Easy life, Challenging other brands, Fear of boredom, Reminder of happy moments, Clever, Funny, Playful and Irresponsible, Lovely, Gaining new experiences, Looking for a better world, Overshadowing the borders, Enjoy your discovery, Away from limitation, A better and more real life, Youthful, Adventurer, Complex personality, Luxury, A different and new appearance, Make the world a better place, Destroying traditions, A successful commander in challenging conditions, Desire to help the world, Dominance and Control, Constructive, Discover new parts, Decoder of clues and solver of the riddle of existence, Emphasis on research, Development and innovative developments, Encourage the customer to think, Seeking knowledge and expanding information, Good sense for life, Finding opportunities and strengths, Independent, Lifelong learner, Differentiation from Competitors' Products, Idealistic and Traditional , Nostalgic, Loyal to customers, Willingness to help, , High quality, sense of belonging, Desire to communicate with others, Defending his territory and honor or from the oppressed, Development of borders, Escape from limiting environments, Diverse and affordable, Desire to communicate, Empathize and help others, Believing in seeing and feeling through the eyes of others, Reassurance, Self-care in the form of self-acceptance, Compassionate, Patient and Friendly.

According to the antecedents obtained from the research, it can be said that archetypes have a great impact on the formation of your brand. Also, the findings show that archetypes have an impact on the formation of brand personality and help us understand the meaning and concept of the brand and are very important tools for marketing and differentiate brands from each other. An archetype is what gives originality to a brand. Archetypes play an undeniable role in our success in the marketplace. The archetype of the brand differentiates from competitors, creates a sensory connection with the audience, creates a lasting relationship with the customer, focuses on good features and conveys the brand's message and purpose.

Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) governance presents an invaluable model for contemporary Islamic rule. This article aims to identify the prophetic governance style and glean insights for achieving effective Islamic governance today. Utilizing thematic analysis, it examines the Prophet's statements and conduct during his Medina leadership. The findings reveal his governance encompassed five key dimensions: relational foundations based on brotherhood and caring for Muslims' affairs; unity and interdependence by stressing the Islamic community's oneness; exchange motivations of divine rewards by encouraging righteous deeds; coordination through obeying God and the Prophet; and a cooperative culture of assistance and support. Specifically, his leadership entailed honoring and maintaining ties with coreligionists, emphasizing Ummah unity, urging good deeds for divine rewards, arbitrating via divine principles, and promoting cooperation and aid. Metaphorically, Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) governance can be portrayed as a "family system" model, providing a suitable paradigm to guide designing Islamic governance in the modern context.

Litter size (LS) is one of the important economic traits in sheep . This trait is influenced by some genes with a large effect. The purpose of this simulation study was to evaluate the fixation selection designs for favorable major gene allele under scenarios of overlapping and discrete generations. In this regard, a trait with heritability of 0.1, and a genome with 26 chromosomes and a major gene was simulated in sheep population. Animals breeding value was predicted using Bayesian threshold model. Selection of animals was based on estimated breeding value (EBV), phenotype (PHEN) and random (RND). After ten generations, genetic gain in selection based on EBV, PHEN and RND under scenario of discrete generation were 8, 23 and 26 percent higher than those in scenario of overlapping generation, respectively. The accuracy of prediction in scenario of discrete generation was higher than scenario of overlapping generation. Means of inbreeding coefficient under scenario of overlapping generation and selection for EBV, PHEN and RND were 0.317, 0.029 and 0.027, respectively, and for scenario of discrete generation were 0.327, 0.058 and 0.056, respectively. In generation ten, the favorable allele of the major gene, in scenario of discrete generation selection based on EBV, PHEN and RND was 1, 46 and 38 percent higher than those in the scenario of overlapping generation, respectively. The results indicated that the scenario of discrete generation selection based on EBV leads to more fixation the favorable allele of the major gene and of genetic gain.

Social networks have emerged as a convenient tool for providing products and services to customers by combining online sales and marketing of goods and services. This tool has become a unique tool in modern marketing with features such as information, entertainment, social creation of people and customers and interaction and retention with customers the present study aimed to identify and analyze the challenges of marketing in social networks. This research is based on an applied purpose and in terms of qualitative method and has an inductive approach. In order to analyze the data of in-depth semi-structured interviews, the content analysis method has been used. The statistical population includes 8 activists and experts in the field of digital marketing and appropriate texts for extracting indicators (theoretical foundations). In this research, snowball method has been used for sampling and saturation of themes has been used as a method to end sampling. The result of qualitative data analysis is the identification of 9 comprehensive themes, 21 organizing themes and 10 basic concepts. Comprehensive themes include user engagement, negative word of mouth, price competition, site / social page optimization, lack of academic training, uncontrollable competition, customer persuasion, lack of skilled manpower, and organizational infrastructure presented in a model. In the end, some suggestions are presented based on the results

Estimates of genetic and environmental parameters of different component traits related to growth are needed to develop a proper selection program. The Kleiber ratio (KR) is defined as average daily gain as a proportion of metabolic body weight. Most studies conducted in KR ignored the effect of sex-linked chromosomes and assumed that direct genetic effects were influenced by autosomal chromosomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate (Co)variance components of both autosomal and sex-Linked chromosomes for KR in Markhoz goat.

In the present study, the data were collected from 1992 to 2014 at Markhoz goat breeding station in Kurdistan province, Iran. The traits were kleiber ratio from birth to weaning (KR1), kleiber ratio from weaning to six months of age (KR2), kleiber ratio from weaning to six months of age (KR2), kleiber ratio from six to nine months of age (KR3) and kleiber ratio from nine to twelve months of age (KR4). The GLM procedure of the SAS software was used to determine significant fixed effects. The model accounting for fixed effects included year, sex, birth type and age of doe. In addition, random effects included direct additive genetic effects of autosomal chromosomes, direct additive genetic effects of sex-linked, maternal genetic effects, maternal permanent environmental effects and residual effects. (Co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using six different single-trait analysis via Average Information algorithm of Restricted Maximum Likelihood method using WOMBAT software. Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) test was applied to select the most apropariate model for each trait.

The most suitable model for KR1, KR2, KR3 and KR4 traits were the sixth, first, fourth and first models, respectively. Based on the best models, the estimated direct autosomal heritabilities were 0.410, 0.019, 0.172 and 0.020 for KR1, KR2, KR3 and KR4, respectively. The estimated sex-linked direct heritabilities were 0.008, 0.021, 0.049 and 0.023 for KR1, KR2, KR3 and KR4, respectively. The maternal heritability for KR1 and KR3 were 0.106 and 0.057, respectively. The maternal permanent environmental effect of 0.064 was estimatedfor KR1. The autosomal, sex-chromosome and phenotypic correlations between traits were ranged from -0.518 to 0.901, -0.943 to 0.652 and -0.001 to 0.312, respectively.

The results of this study showed that a considerable ratio of the phenotypic variance is explained by sex-linked chromosome effects. Therefore, including the sex-linked chromosome effect in the model may lead to a more precise estimates of direct autosomal heritability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different rates marker genotyping error and the type of mating and selection design (breeding value and phenotypic) on the accuracy of genomic prediction assessment under different levels of heritability (0.05, 0.1 and 0.3) and marker density (500, 1000 and 1500) by simulation in threshold trait. The genome consisted of two chromosomes, each 100 cM, and 125 QTLs were randomly distributed on each chromosome. In order to simulation a threshold trait, 20 percent of the top-level phenotypes were considered to be 2, and the rest were considered as 1. Genomic breeding value was predicted using marker effects estimated by Bayes B statistical method. Comparison of the accuracy of genomic evaluations showed that selection and mating designs of breeding value was more accurate than the selection and mating designs of phenotypic. The accuracy of genomic prediction decreased with increasing marker genotyping error in both selection and mating designs of breeding value and phenotypic. The results showed that with increasing the percentage of marker genotyping error, increasing the number of markers leads to increasing the accuracy of genomic breeding value prediction.

Complete information of relationship matrix is ​​an important principle to achieve reliable results in genetic evaluations. Two kinds of pedigree errors, including incorrect pedigree information and missing pedigree information, reduce the capability of the livestock model in traditional methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different levels of missing pedigree information such as sire, dam and both parents (sire and dam together) on heritability, accuracy of prediction and estimation of breeding value in threshold traits.

Sex-limited traits with heritability of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2, were simulated. In order to create threshold phenotypes of litter size, 20% of the top-phenotypes were considered as two and the rest were considered as one. Different ratios of missing sire information (zero, 5, 10, 15 and 20), missing dam information (zeros, 5 and 10) and a combination of both missing information (sire and dam together) were created. A threshold model was considered. Heritability, breeding values ​​and accuracy of prediction were calculated by Bayesian statistical method.

With the introduction of different levels of missing pedigree information to the complete pedigree, the amount of heritability decreased. The lowest values ​​of heritability were 0.018, 0.084 and 0.16 for heritability of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2, respectively. In the complete pedigree, the lowest and highest accuracy of prediction were 0.375 (h2 =0.05) and 0.521 (h2 =0.2), respectively. The lowest values of accuracy of prediction for heritability of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 were 0.309 (30% in paternal pedigree defects and 10% in maternal pedigree defects), 0.353 (paternal pedigree defects 20% and maternal pedigree defects 10%), and 0.459 (5% defect in paternal pedigree and 10% defect in maternal pedigree), respectively. Furthermore, missing pedigree information led to a decrease in the average breeding value.

The results showed that, compared to the paternal or maternal missing pedigree information separately, paternal and maternal missing pedigree information together, further reduces the estimation of genetic evaluations.

 The growing trend of the Arbaeen March can be analyzed from various cultural , social , political , economic and managerial dimensions. In this research , an attempt is made to analyze this important ritual, which has been repeated and globalized over the past decade, with a psycho - cognitive-managerial approach .The theoretical framework of the research is taken from Jung's model of archetypes, which was later considered by management thinkers in the study of successful trademarks. Our goal is to determine the personality for the Arbaeen procession, by modeling the personality of the creators of this ceremony, which is Imam Hussein and his companions, and based on Jung's archetypes, archetypes that are transnational and are similarly perceived and influenced in different societies .The research method is an in - depth interview and documentary study , and the results of the interviews will be examined using deductive content analysis. The research's innovation in using the Jung framework in a subject beyond the trademark, that is, in a religion, is also religious and spontaneous .Thus , if the archetypes that influence the spread of this religion are discovered, these archetypes can be used in other religious rites and these archetypes can be used in their expansion and dissemination.

In this article, focusing on the general typology of Jessop's governance (Command, exchange, dialogue and solidarity), The major problems of students in the educational system ruling the country's universities have been examined and a new reading of these issues has been done based on the Islamic academic governance. For this purpose and with regard to the lack of a proper plan of educational macro issues related to students in higher education documents, using the "theme analysis" method, these issues were obtained from the educational system and curriculum of Imam Sadiq University, peace be upon him, and the appropriate answers were obtained in the framework of selected typology is presented and by using the "expert opinion" method, and in "interviews" with some elites of higher education, a selected answer has been obtained, the result of which is an attempt to present the Islamic academic governance based on the mentioned answers.The result obtained is that the command type of governance of the university educational system is is in a command manner- with features such as predetermined curriculum, uniform education, rule-based educational guidance, conducting students' affairs based on specific rules, etc.-; While other modes of governance of the education system (exchange, dialogue and solidarity) have significant points and answers to major issues of student that have been ignored in the current education system, and by using them and analyzing these issues in the framework of meta-governance, Islamic academic governance can be realized better.

Today, the role of resilience has been accepted as a principle that helps people cope and adapt to difficult and stressful life situations. Qualitative method based on foundation data theory was used. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. In this research, a qualitative method based on foundation data theory was used. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study included 23 academic and organizational experts in the field of crisis management who were selected by purposive non-random sampling method based on the principle of data saturation and adequacy and were interviewed. Analysis of data collection In three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding were performed and Strauss and Corbin approach was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the dimensions of the central phenomenon of resilience include: individual competence, adaptability, self-awareness, purposefulness, self-belief and spirituality. Impact factors (outcomes) in order of priority include: work-life balance, personal health, job satisfaction, stress management, social capital promotion and flexibility, which were identified as a model of employee resilience in urban crisis management offices in Hamadan and approved by accreditation method. it placed.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, various experiences in establishing and launching local organizations and institutions emerged from the revolution, such as the Armed Forces of the Islamic Revolution, the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee, the Foundation for the Underprivileged, Jihad Sazandgi, etc.Formed. With the expansion of revolutionary groups, institutions, organizations and organizations, the question gradually arose, which model of the mechanisms of organized collective movements is needed in Islamic governance and what is this movement like? This research aims to answer this question in a qualitative and developmental way, and thematic analysis method has been used to analyze the statements of the Supreme Leader. In order to achieve the model of organization of revolutionary institutions based on the thoughts of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the messages, statements and orders of His Holiness were studied and analyzed until December 1400.First, all the rulings on the appointment of officials and also the rulings on the establishment of revolutionary institutions during the leadership of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution were studied, then the search for the keywords "revolutionary institution", "organization", "structure" in the statements of His Highness, through a search in the Office of Preservation and Publication of Works Ayatollah Grand Ayatollah Khamenei was studied and coded. In the last stage, in order to focus on the organizational model of the revolutionary institution of the armed forces of the Islamic Revolution in the thoughts of His Holiness, all the statements and messages of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution in the gathering of the Guards, Basij and the armed forces during his leadership were studied and analyzed.The results of the research showed that the organization of revolutionary institutions in the thought of His Holiness includes five basic dimensions: external shape (transformative dimension of organization), spiritual shape (fixed dimension of organization), revolutionary order (fixed mechanism and transformation), revolutionary spirit (determination of relation to revolution) and The Jihadi manager is the driving force behind the organization of the revolutionary institution.

The most important purpose of this article is to design a native model of organizational spirituality excellence with an Islamic approach in the Health Insurance Organization of Iran. For this purpose, combined research strategies including qualitative and quantitative sections have been used. In the qualitative section, using the content analysis method, the topics related to the research question, based on interviews with experts who had experience or related writings in the fields of Islamic education,Management and health,extracting and combining the Baron-Clark and Atritis-Sterling model of these topics in three comprehensive categories. , Organizer and base were categorized, of which, 53 basic themes, 8 organizing themes and three comprehensive themes were obtained. In the quantitative part to determine the elements of the final model and determine the relationship and effectiveness of these elements, using interpretive structural modeling, the degree of permeability and dependence as well as the factor load of the elements are calculated as follows: Epistemological foundations (level 6, factor load 02 / 1), observance of ethical principles towards employees (level 5, factor load 0.69), growth of employees' moral virtues (level 4, factor load 0.56), improvement of spiritual spaces effective on performance (level 3, factor load 0.54) Observance of ethical principles towards the beneficiaries (level 3, factor load 0.42), strengthening central justice towards employees (level 3, factor load 0.31), spiritual and cultural growth and promotion of employees (level 2, factor load 0.27) and Organizational performance (level 1, factor load 0.18).

There have always been many and complex debates about the definition of justice and the methods of its implementation, and in our country, especially after the revolution, there has been controversy about it.In this article, social justice is meant to mean "observance of proportionality and merit" and "creating equal opportunities for members of society."In various parts of the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, the issue of justice has been given special attention and it has been widely considered in various dimensions of justice, including divine and human justice, individual and social justice, economic, political, judicial, gender, spatial, distributive justice. , Tax, inter-generational, etc. have been paid;However, due to the long-standing differences in the country regarding the method of achieving social justice, from the perspective of entrusting the economy to the government or the people, a clear solution has not been provided and from this point of view, this document is not interpretable.

The Holy Defense, as one of the historical periods that ended with the victory of the Iranian nation, has lessons and teachings that should be studied by researchers and become a model and theory. Commanding style of commanders is one of the important aspects of that period that has been considered in the present study. Twenty commanders of the Holy Defense were studied in a library method, considering the diversity of command positions, reputation, and the availability of resources. The obtained documents were coded and analyzed with a qualitative approach and content analysis method, and after validation in two stages, four styles of jihadi command were identified in the commanders of that time: "Creative consequentialism (focusing on the goal based on intelligence)", "Authoritarian consequentialism (attention to the goal based on authority)", "Wise staffing (attention to forces based on intelligence)" And "strong support (focusing on force based on authority)."

Ethical decision making in NGOs has a positive impact on the economy, industry and society. This research aims to explain the native model of moral decision-making in NGOs.

The present research method is applied in a quantitative cross-sectional study for the purpose of applied research, in terms of exploratory (qualitative and quantitative) data, and in terms of the nature of the qualitative aspect of the data of the Foundation. The statistical population is the qualitative section of human resource managers and experts who were identified by targeted sampling method. In the small part, 306 employees of Saman were selected by census method. In the qualitative section, data was analyzed by open, axial and selective coding. In the quantitative section, descriptive statistics such as descriptive tables, statistical characteristics, charts and factor analysis were used.

The results indicate that the process of moral decision-making in non-governmental organizations in the underlying circumstances influences interpersonal factors, context, organizational factors, in interventional situations, transactional and religious factors in interactions and actions of individuals.  The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated good fit of the model and the veracity of the design of the relationship.

The findings indicated that the dimensions identified for the model of ethical decision making are dimensions such as religious, individual-personality, interpersonal, organizational and transorganization. In the quantitative section, the AGFA, GFI, RMSEA and Khidou indicators also indicate that the dimensions identified support a concept called moral decision.

In order to achieve goals and aspirations, the way policies are implemented has a high impact on the development of a society. Successful policy implementation indicates the progress of the country's administrative system; On the other hand, the lack of proper implementation of the established policies will limit the evaluation and actual feedback of that policy and will also pose a serious challenge to the development of a new policy; In the present study, an attempt has been made to Meta-analysis on the policy implementation in Iran, in order to achieve a model of a combination of factors affecting the policy implementation in Iran. For this purpose, the research was selected and studied by the Meta-analysis method, which has seven basic steps. Among these, 37 studies that were presented by different thinkers and were comparable were reviewed, of which 286 components were identified from a total of 37 studies; finally, a hybrid model was presented from the total work done. Findings show that among the extracted categories, the category of "inefficient and incompetent executors" has the most reference among the sources reviewed, followed by the categories of "lack of correct understanding of the problem", "lack of integrated and macro attitude", respectively. To the problem "," structural and internal weaknesses "and" weakness of support and support in implementation ".

This study is aimed at explaining the organizational spirituality excellence model with emphasis on Islamic teachings, as well as providing solutions for spiritual excellence in the Health Insurance Organization of Iran. Employing mixed method, this study intends to identify the components of the model of organizational spirituality excellence and their relationships through an Islamic approach. Using the data gained by the interviews and the opinion of experts through thematic analysis, the dimensions of the model of spiritual excellence in the organization with an Islamic approach were identified. Then, the leveling of the criteria of the model of organizational spirituality excellence was performed with an Islamic approach. This was fulfilled by distributing the questionnaires among the members of the Health Insurance Organization of Iran. Thematic analysis method finally resulted in 53 basic themes, eight organizing themes and three comprehensive themes. The findings of the content analysis indicated that the main components of the model of spiritual excellence in the organization with an Islamic approach includes moral Islamic virtues, the organization's knowledge foundations, adherence to ethical principles and conscience with regard employees, the organization's performance with an Islamic approach, and the spiritual atmosphere affecting the organization's performance. Stakeholders are justice-oriented and the cultural and spiritual growth and promotion of employees are considered. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that epistemological foundations mostly influence the process, and organizational performance with Islamic approach stands at the highest dependence.