فهرست مطالب ناصر کاویانی

Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common brain neuralgia. It occurs in the form of shock-like pain. The chance of contracting the mandibular branch is higher. Acupuncture relieves pain by inserting thin, disposable sterile needles into specific areas of the body. Most methods are effective in the short term. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing drug treatment.

The study was an interventional study conducted on patients referred to Azhara Hospital in Isfahan. The sample size is 16 people who are divided into two groups of 8 people. The patients in the study were treated with carbamazepine. At the end of this period, patients' pain was taken and compared. In the control group, drug therapy continued, while in the intervention group, in addition to drug therapy, they received acupuncture. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant difference in pain index between the intervention and control groups at different times. The independent t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the two groups during the first and second weeks. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups during the other weeks.

Acupuncture is often used in conjunction with medication to effectively reduce the severity and duration of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Delirium is a clinical syndrome characterizedby acute changes in awareness and consciousness, and disturbances and fluctuations in attention. This study evaluated the frequency of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing general anesthesia for dental procedures and the relevant risk factors. Materials &

In this cross-sectional study, 103 patients who were candidates for dental procedures under general anesthesia in Isfahan Dental School were randomly selected. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium-fentanyl-atracurium in all the patients and maintained with propofol. Dental anxiety was evaluated in all the patients using the DAS-R (Dental Anxiety Score-Revised) questionnairebefore the procedure. In addition, the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) questionnaire was completed 48 hours after the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25, using independent t-test and regression analysis (α = 0.05).

The results showed that the incidence of delirium in 103 patients undergoing general anesthesia was22 cases (21.4%). The results of linear regression analysis indicated that age was an important and influential factor in the mental status, and orientation to place (p value = 0.002) and time (p value = 0.001) after general anesthesia. The severity of anxiety before anesthesia significantly affected the duration of general anesthesia (p value = 0.01) and orientation to place after general anesthesia (p value = 0.005). Anxiety itself was affected by the age of the patient (p value = 0.01).

Delirium is highly prevalent in patients undergoing general anesthesia for dental procedures. It is critical to identify the risk factors associated with this disorder in order to reduce the incidence of delirium.

BIS (bispectralindex) indicates brain activity, and therefore, the depth of general anesthesia. Mentally challenged patients have different degrees of brain impairment and different levels of intelligence; as a result, it is expected that the BIS score of these patientswill be different from that of healthy patients during general anesthesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the BIS score and the severity of mental disability during general anesthesia for dental procedures.

Forty-four mentally challenged patients were selected and included in this cross-sectional descriptive/analytical study. After giving the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test to the patients, they were classified into different groups in terms of theseverity of mental disability. After giving and maintaining the same general anesthesia level to the patients, BIS scores were calculated at 5-, 15-, 30-and 45-minute intervals after induction of anesthesia. BIS scores were compared at various degrees ofmental deficiency, and possible correlations were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and Spearman’s correlation test with SPSS 22 (α = 0.05).

There were no statistically significant differences in BIS scores between various degrees of mental deficiency except for the 30-minute interval after the induction of general anesthesia (p value = 0.025).

In this study, the severity of mental deficiency did not affect the depth of general anesthesia except for the 30-minute interval after its induction.

Fear and anxiety of dental treatment in children could cause behavioral changes. In addition, dental pain and discomfort could lead to behavioral disorders in children. Treatments under general anesthesia might decrease behavioral disorders due to an improvement in the child’s medical condition. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the mean scores of fear and anxiety based on the standard behavioral change questionnaire before and after dental treatment under general anesthesia. Materials &

This descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated children who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia. Seventy-eight behavioral change questionnaires, consisting of 22 items, were distributed among the children’s mothers. The questionnaires were completed once just before general anesthesia and once a month after general anesthesia by the mothers in order to obtain the mean score of behavioral changes. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA and paired ttest (α = 0.05).

Based on statistical data, in all the cases the scores of behavioral problems after general anesthesia were better than those before general anesthesia. In addition, there was a significant relation between the number of the dental procedures and the mean score of behavioral changes, indicating an improvement in behavior with an increase in the number of dental procedures.

Implementation of all the dental procedures for children under general anesthesia improves their behavioral conditions, presumably due to an improvement in their dental condition.

in General anesthesia many group of drugs can be used. Propofol have high metabolic effect. The purpose of this study was to compare blood glucose change during anesthesia by Propofol and Isoflurane in healthy child candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia.
In this prospective Randomized clinical trial study, blood glucose change was survey in 27 healthy children that candidate for dentistry procedure under general anesthesia. Induction and maintenance of anesthesia was done in one group by Propofol and other group by thiopental and Isoflurane. Blood glucose was measure by glucometer before anesthesia, after induction, after operation and before discharge and analysis by T.test, Mann-Whitney test, regression analyses, variance analyse and Tukey in SPSS.
No significant difference was seen in two groups before anesthesia. After induction, blood glucose was increase in two groups but had not significant difference (p=0.11). After finishing the operation blood glucose in propofol group (148.64 mg/dl) was significantly higher than Isoflurane (124.58 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Blood glucose after recovery in two group was decrease but no significant difference was seen between two groups (p=0.651).
General anesthesia with Isoflurane and Propofol can increase blood glucose but in Propofol group increase blood glucose was higher than Isoflurane. So recommend in children that increase blood glucose was dangerous, Propofol was contraindicated

An open eye is the main cause of eye injury in general anesthesia. In addition eye care and anesthesia duration affect the extent of injury. Eye complication may be depend on type of tracheal intubation (intranasal US. Intra oral).
In this descriptive cohort study, 600 candidate of dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia were included. In cadence of eye complications, after recovery and two days after anesthesia. In addition to number of patients with open eyes were registered. Data were analyzed statistically.
13 % of eyes was found to be open at the end of anesthesia. Eye injury symptoms were observed in 4/8 % of samples after recovery in with redness and soreness was mainly found. Two days after anesthesia 1/58 % eyes revealed symptoms. Increased anesthesia duration was associated with more eye complications.
Discussion and In this study, 13% of eyes was open after anesthesia. And 0/38 % revealed complications. An appropriate approach for eye care is applying eye ointment and fixation of tracheal tube with sponge pad and tape.

Thermal and electric pulp testing vitality is of limited use with children, often resulting in false positive or false negative results. The main limitation of the present pulp testing methods is the evaluation of vitality by stimulating the sensory nerve fibers which is unreliable in cases of trauma. Pulse oximetry is a proven method of measuring vascular health by evaluating oxygen saturation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal and electric tests methods and examining the oxygen saturation of teeth in children.

In this study seventeen children aged between 10 to 12 years with vital maxillary central incisors with no caries, history of trauma to the teeth, orthodontic treatment, restoration and par functional habits, participated. After isolating teeth, for the cold test refrigerant spray 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane, for the warm test gutta-percha and for the electric pulp test the pulp vitality tester (PT-20) was used. The Spo2 of teeth was evaluating with pulse oximetry. Then data reported.

All the teeth gave positive responses to the thermal test. The mean value of electric pulp test for girls was 5.69 and for boys were 5.41. Also the mean value of electric pulp test in the maxillary left central was 5.35 and for maxillary right central were 5.77. The mean value of Spo2 for girls was 92.78 and for boys was 92.19.The mean value of Spo2 in the maxillary left central was 92.12 and in the maxillary right central was 92.88.

Pulse oximetery is a noninvasive, cheap method to detect pulp vitality by evaluating the oxygen saturation which can be useful for evaluating the pulp vitality especially in the case of trauma and pediatric dentistry.

Postoperativee endodontic pain is an outstanding problem for dental patients. Therefore, a successful management of endodontic pain has become as one of the main dental objectives. The aim of the present study was to compare the postoperative endodontic pain in patients under general anesthesia versus local anesthesia. For conducting this clinical trial study, 50 patients having mandibular molars candidate for root canal therapy were selected. Twenty-five patients treated under general anesthesia because of their fear, anxiety or gag reflex. Other 25 patients treated under local anesthesia. All teeth were prepared using engine-driven rotary system in a crown-down technique and filled using lateral condensation technique. Heft- parker visual analog scale was used to measure the degree of pain at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the treatment. Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and T-tests were used to compare the intensity of postoperative pain between the groups. The mean intensity of postoperative pain in local and general anesthesia groups at 6, 12 and 24 hours had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Postoperative pain in patients who treated under general anesthesia was significantly less than the patients who treated under local anesthesia.

Control of patient anxiety during dental procedure, makes better operating conditions and reduces medical complications in patients. Intravenous conscious sedation is a good method for patient control during dental surgery. This study aimed to compare the effects of two methods of low-dose intravenous sedation regimes for patient control in dental implant surgery. 30 patients candidate for dental implant surgery were randomly divided into two groups. Before the surgery, low intravenous doses of combinations of midazolam/fentanylin and midazolam/ketamine were administered for the two group. Sedation score and operation condition in both groups were evaluated and recorded. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney statistical test. In midazolam/ketamine group, 86.7% and in midazolam/fentanyl group, 80.0% of patients had appropriate sedation. Good operation condition was observed in 73.3% and 80.0% of the patients in midazolam/ketamine and midazolam/fentanyl groups, respectively. There were not any significant differences between the two groups in sedation score and operation conditions. Both evaluated drug regimens can provide good sedation score in over than 80% of patients and good operation condition in over than 70% of patients. So, both drug combinations are useful for patients in implant surgery.

Dental anxiety is caused by failure to provide quality services to patients. The oral medication is one way of controlling anxiety.Passion Flower is known as a sedative drug in traditional herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine the effect of passionflower extracts to reduce restlessness in children 3 to 6 years undergoing general anesthesia.Methods and materials: 50 healthy children aged 3 to 6 candidate for dental treatment under general anesthesia, after examination and consent from the parents were selected. Extract of Passion flower given to study group(25 children) and a similarvolume of oral sugar solution to control group.Separation from parents, cooperation for IV line and agitation score in recovery room was evaluated in two groups. Easy separation from their parents in the study group was 56% and 33% also had good cooperation for IV line, which was significantly more than control group. The agitation score of the study group in the minutes 10 and 20 and 30 of recovery room were significantly lower than controls. Extract of Passion flower makes easier separation from parent and higher cooperation for IV line and lower agitation score and need to analgesia in recovery room. So this drug was useful for premedication in children.

Many dental patients are afraid of injections. There are different methods for reducing pain during topical anesthetic injections. Some studies have reported buffering lidocaine to reduce injection pain. In this study، the effects of fresh and buffered topical anesthetic on injection pain were evaluated. In this prospective study، 4 groups of 20 dental treatment candidates were selected. Topical anesthetics for the 1st-4th groups included carpules of lidocaine/epinephrine، carpules of lidocaine/epinephrine/bicarbonate، freshly prepared lidocaine/epinephrine، and freshly prepared lidocaine/epinephrine/ bicarbonate، respectively. The initiation of topical anesthesia and injection pain were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The highest and lowest mean scores of pain belonged to the carpule group (2. 67 ± 0. 28) and fresh lidocaine/epinephrine/bicarbonate (0. 86 ± 0. 37)، respectively. While topical anesthesia started 2 minutes after injection in 95% of fresh lidocaine/epinephrine/bicarbonate group، the rate was as low as 50% in carpule group. Adding bicarbonate to carpules of lidocaine/epinephrine and fresh lidocaine/epinephrine is recommended to decrease injection pain and accelerate the onset of effect.

Based on data available, about 10% of people have severe dental anxiety. There are several methods to control dental anxiety, the use of which entails knowledge on behalf of the dental practitioners and appropriate equipment. This study evaluated knowledge of dental practitioners about dental anxiety control methods. In this study descriptive study, 249 dental practitioners in Isfahan were selected using simple sampling method and given a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions about pharmacological methods to control dental anxiety in patients. Data was analyzed with SPSS software using ANOVA at a significance level of 0.95. Knowledge scores were reported from 0 to 20. Knowledge scores for inhalation sedation, oral sedation and general anesthesia were 12.65 ± 3.31, 13 ± 2.84, and 17.91 ± 6.12, respectively. Mean of dental knowledge scores of dentists in relation to pharmacological sedation techniques was above 12, indicating proper knowledge level of dental practitioners. ANOVA did not reveal any significant differences in knowledge level means between different age groups in relation to general anesthesia (p value = 0.217). However, there were significant differences in the knowledge means between various age groups in relation to inhalation (p value = 0.036) and oral sedation (p value = 0.035) techniques. Under the limitations of this study the knowledge of dentists about pharmacological methods of controlling patient anxiety in dentistry was good but these methods are not widely used due to lack of background support. Given the importance of such measures, it is necessary to increase the knowledge of the community about these techniques.

During the past decade, attention to oral health-related quality of life has greatly increased. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dental treatment under general anesthesia on the quality of life and dental fears in 2‒5 year-old children. The other aim of this study was to explore the effect of dental fears on oral health-related quality of life in children. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on sixty-five 2‒5 year-old healthy children referring to the operating room of Isfahan Faculty of Dentistry for dental treatment under general anesthesia. ECOHIS (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale) and CFSS-DS (Children’s Fear Survey Schedule– Dental Subscale) questionnaires were used to assess the oral health-related quality of life and dental fears. The questionnaires were completed by parents before and after the dental procedures. Paired-sample t-test and Spearman’s and Pearson’s tests were used for data analysis at a confidence interval of 0.95. Oral health-related quality of life significantly improved after dental treatment under general anesthesia (p value < 0.05). Mean scores before and after were 42.78 and 24.56, respectively, with statistically significant differences. In addition, the mean score of dental fear decreased from 46.29 to 42.20, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.001). Dental treatment under general anesthesia can significantly improve oral health-related quality of life and decrease dental fears in children.

Emergence agitation is a common clinical phenomenon in children undergoing general anesthesia. Possible predisposing factors are rapid regaining of consciousness in an unfamiliar environment, the type of general anesthesia technique used, the patient’s mood, duration of anesthesia and age. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of two general anesthetic methods with and without local anesthetics on emergence agitation of children volunteering for general anesthesia in the recovery room. In this prospective single-blind clinical trial, 60 children under 6, who volunteered for general anesthesia, were randomly divided into two groups. All the subjects were anesthetized using the same protocol. During the dental procedure in the study groups, the teeth involved were anesthetized with one lidocaine+epinephrine cartridge using the infiltration technique. The children's emergence agitation was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Data was analyzed with t-test, ANOVA Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the means of age, in gender and in the number of treatment procedures between the two groups. Emergence agitation scores in the local anesthesia group at 15- and 30-minute intervals were 9.6±3.92 and 8±2.58, respectively, demonstrating a significantly higher rates compared to the other group (p value = 0.013 and p value = 0.014). However, there were no statistically significant differences at 45- and 60-minute intervals between the two groups (p value = 0.872 and p value = 0.048). Based on the results it was concluded injection of a local anesthetic reduces emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia. Therefore, it is recommended to use this technique in children with no contraindications for local anesthetics.

Intravenous conscious sedation is widely used to control anxiety and increase patient tolerance during implant surgeries. Patients experience various sensations due to the use of different medications. In this study, patients’ sensations during conscious sedation were evaluated with the use of four IV sedation regimes to determine the best protocol. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 112 patients who were candidates for dental implants were evaluated in four groups: Midazolam, Midazolam/Fentanyl, Midazolam/Acetaminophen and Midazolam/Ketamine. At the end of recovery they were asked about their sensations during surgery. Data were analyzed with Pearson’s, chi-squared, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and ANOVA (α = 0.05). Pearson’s and chi-squared tests did not reveal any significant differences between the groups in relation to age, sex, and educational status; ANOVA did not show any differences between the groups in relation to duration of recovery and surgery and the dose of Midazolam used. Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in pleasant feelings between the four groups (p value < 0.001); Mann-Whitney test did not show any significant differences in pleasant sensations between the Midazolam and Midazolam/Ketamine groups (p value = 0.084). However, frequency of pleasant sensation was significantly higher in the Midazolam/Fentanyl group compared to that in the Midazolam group (p value = 0.008). Frequency of pleasant sensation was significantly higher in the Midazolam/Acetaminophen group compared to that in the Midazolam/Ketamine group (p value = 0.001). Kruskal-Wallis did not reveal any significant differences in pleasant sensations between the four groups (p value = 0.211). Based on the results of the present study, combined use of analgesics and sedatives gives rise to good sensations in patients during surgery and increases sedation efficacy and patient cooperation and satisfaction with the sedation procedure.

Dental fear is common in children. Many factors affect the severity of this kind of fear. Hospitalization increases children’s dental fears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the type of hospitalization on children’s dental fear. In this cross-sectional study, 153 children were placed in three equal groups, with a history of hospitalization, with a history of major surgery and a control group without any history of hospitalization and surgery. The children’s dental fear was evaluated with Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) questionnaire. Data was analyzed with chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests and one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). The means of dental fear based on CFSS-DS score were higher in hospitalization and surgery groups in comparison with the control group (p value < 0.001). Dental fear score in hospitalization group was 37.4 and higher than the two other groups. Fear from injection and dyspnea and use of dental drills were the most common causes of fear, in descending order, in the groups under study. Hospitalization and surgery increase children’s fear of dental procedures. Dental fear in children with hospitalization in internal wards is more than the other groups, which might be attributed to frequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures during the hospitalization period.

General anesthesia prepares good condition in dental treatment for uncooperative children. Acceptance and discharge of children during day case anesthesia must be on time, because both long time hospitalization and early discharge may be dangerous for children. In PADS scoring system score 9 and higher ready for discharge. In this study, we evaluated recovery time after general anesthesia in Esfahan dentistry day case surgery unit. Method and materials: 100 healthy children under 10 years old have been selected for dental treatment with general anesthesia. Induction of anesthesia completed with thiopental Na, alfentanyl and atracurum and anesthesia maintenance with O2/N2O and isoflurane. Operation and recovery time evaluated depending on MDAFSS recovery scoring system. From 100 studied children were 44% male and 56% female. 67% of samples were healthy and others had systemic disorders.The average of operation time in healthy and mental retarded was 63/3 and 45.7. Recovery time in healthy, mental retarded and cerebral palsy patients was 54.7, 95.92 and 138.12 minutes. Recovery time was meaningfully shorter in healthy patients than medically compromised patients. Recovery time in healthy patients was 54/7 minutes, in Chye study this time was 61 minutes. Long time recovery in medically compromised children denotes that we should not hurry for discharge of these children.

Emergence agitation is a common clinical phenomenon in children undergoing general anesthesia. A possible predisposing factor is the type of general anesthetic technique used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two intravenous and inhalational general anesthetic methods on emergence agitation of children in the recovery room. In this prospective single-blind clinical trial, 56 children aged less than 6 years were randomly divided into two groups of 28. The first group received IV general anesthesia with propofol and alfentanyl and the second group received inhalation anesthesia with isoflorance and nitrous oxide. After awakening in the recovery room the children's emergence agitation was measured every ten minutes for 60 minutes by PAED scale. Data was analyzed with t-test, chi-squared test and ANOVA with SPSS software (α = 0.05). Emergence agitation in the intravenous and inhalational groups at 10-minute interval were 12.85 and 10.51 on PAED scale, respectively, demonstrating a significantly higher rate in the intravenous group. However, in general, there were no significant differences between the two groups (p value = 0.241). There was an inverse relationship between age and agitation, with higher rates in younger children. Based on the results it was concluded that decision-making on the type of anesthesia should not be based on emergence agitation. Other factors involved in emergence agitation should be considered.

Severe gagging in some patients during dental procedures can complicate the procedure. In this study, the effect of oral ondansetron and placebo, as antiemetic medications, on gag reflex was evaluated with the stimulation of soft palate and palatine tonsil areas to simulate the clinical situation during dental procedures. In this clinical trial, 88 healthy adult individuals were randomly divided into two equal groups of ondansetron and placebo, which were administered orally. Gag reflexes were checked using a tongue depressor and recorded before and 90 minutes after intervention in the soft palate and palatine tonsil areas. Data was analyzed and compared with SPSS software, using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests (α = 0.05). In the ondansetron group a statistically significant decrease in gag reflex was noted after intervention in both soft palate and tonsil areas (p value < 0.05); however, no significant decrease was observed in the placebo group in the two areas after intervention. The results of the present study showed the efficacy of ondansetron in reducing the severity of gag reflex in both the soft palate and tonsil areas; therefore, its administration can be considered in clinical procedures in those areas.

Intravenous sedation is one of methods to control anxiety in dentistry. However, due to intravenous use of potent drugs, the odds of hypoxia increases. In this study the prevalence of this complication between the two intravenous sedation methods was investigated. In this double-blind prospective clinical trial a total of 73 implant patients were evaluated in two groups. Conscious sedation was administered with a combination of midazolam/fentanyl in one group and with midazolam/ketamine in the other. SPO2 was measured in 6 stages and results were analyzed with t-test using SPSS software (α = 0.05). Mean of SPO2 five minutes after drug injection decreased in both groups. In midazolam/fentanyl group it decreased to 93.2% and in midazolam/ketamine group to 94.9% which indicates that the decrease in SPO2 in the first group (midazolam/fentanyl) was significantly more than other group. Use of intravenous sedation resulted in a decrease in SPO2 five minutes after sedation. In the midazolam/fentanyl group, it decreased to 93.2% and in the midazolam/ketamine group it decreased to 94.9%, with a significantly higher decrease in the former.

Sever dental fear and mental disorders are indications for dental treatment under general anesthesia, which usually is performed as outpatient anesthesia for dentistry; so decreased recovery time and complications are important. This study aimed to compare the recovery time and complications after Anesthesia with Propofol between mental retard and healthy patients. In this clinical trial study, 34 mental retarded and 34 healthy patients were prescribed for general anesthesia. In both groups, anesthesia was performed with propofol. After the end of anesthesia, recovery time and complications in both groups were recorded and the data were analyzed with independent samples t and Mann-Whitney tests. Recovery time in retarded group was significantly higher than the healthy group (P < 0.05); but the side effects had no significant difference between in the two groups (P > 0.05). There was direct relation between anesthesia time and recovery time (P < 0.05). Recovery time was prolonged in mental retard patients; it might be because of their need to prolonged treatment. Recovery side effects were similar in both groups. In both groups, increasing the anesthesia time made longer recovery time like the previous studies.

Un-cooperative children with massive dental need are usually suitable candidates for outpatient dental procedures under general anesthesia. Discharge from recovery without complications is an ideal goal achieved by the use of short acting anesthetic agents. This study was designed to evaluate the duration of recovery as well as potential complications in propofol infusion anesthesia. In this descriptive cross sectional study, forty five healthy patients, aged 5-10 years were selected from the pool referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Isfahan Dental School for treatment. Initial evaluation and allocation for treatment under General Anesthesia was performed based on proof of lack of cooperation. induction of anesthesia with thiopental was carried out along with maintenance of anesthesia with infusion of propofol under mechanical ventilation. The duration of recoverywas recorded as well as any complications being made over the course of recovery. Data were then analyzed using basic statistics. Duration of recovery was 43.5 ± 22.12. In total 51.1 % of the patients reported no complications, however the remaining 48.9 % of the patients there was at least one complaint at the recovery time. The most important complaint was irritability with an incidence of 44.4 %. Maintenance of anesthesia with propofol infusion can reduce duration of recovery and therefore speed up the discharge time for patients (children) who received their dental treatments under GA.