نجمه سدرپوشان

Admission to a hospital increases individuals’ vulnerability and their consequent needs for religion and/or spirituality. The purpose of this research was to design the title and objectives of the spiritual care course for clergymen.

This qualitative study employed the integrated review method. The objectives and title of the course were developed and validated using the integrated review method, with the final model created using the Delphi technique and group discussions with experts. The statistical population included clergymen in health, as well as articles and books published between 2014 and 2022. Articles related to the educational objectives and title of the spiritual care course were first collected. Out of a total of 123 articles, 32 were selected. The course, designed through the Delphi method, was then subject to survey, modification, and review by a panel of experts consisting of 13 clergymen. The title and objectives of the spiritual care training course were formulated based on the research findings.

The findings revealed 13 objectives and 15 titles for the spiritual care training courses.

The objectives and headings of this model are based on both international and local cultural approaches, which can address the concerns of officials in the Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education regarding specialization in service provision.

Divorce is not just a single event, but is a long process in which all family members, including children, suffer from a loss and failure, which can lead to intergenerational transmission of instability in the marital life. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the lived experiences of teenagers with their parents' divorce experience in Yazd City.

The present study was a phenomenological study of lived experiences of twelve teenage participants of Yazd City in 2023 who experienced parental divorce. Data have been extracted and collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's method.

The findings of this research showed that Iranian teenagers experience problems in different fields after their parents' divorce that can be classified in seven categories including cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/coping, psychological/emotional, family, social and contextual challenges. According to the findings, the continuation of post-traumatic growth in adolescents with parental divorce requires the formulation of multilateral interventions centered on the identified themes.

According to the findings, it can be concluded that divorce has many negative consequences such as cognitive, developmental/evolutionary, behavioral/confrontational, psychological/emotional, family, social, and contextual challenges for family. Teenagers may suffer more emotional and psychological trauma due to being in critical situations.

Having children has always been the best way to complete the family and evolve the couple's identity. Couples who were unable to have children due to infertility have used alternative paths. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological experiences of infertile couples with adopted children in Yazd.

This study was of a qualitative type, with an exploratory nature. 18 infertile couples suffering from hormonal disorders, anatomical problems, infections and old age in women and sperm disorders and infections in men, who did not have children and had adopted children through the welfare of Yazd city, were identified in 1401 by targeted sampling method. And with a semi-structured interview, their information was collected, recorded and recorded and reached complete saturation.

Rusults: 

The analysis of the lived experiences of the participants showed that out of a total of 154 semantic units, 10 main themes were obtained: accepting the role of parenting; infertility difficulties; encouraging the idea of adoption; difficulties and failures following adoption; Successes and facilitators following adoption; educational challenges and characteristics of adopted children; experiencing a crisis when a child enters the house; interactions with others; and matching tools; psychological changes in family life and relationships.

Psychological changes in life and family relationships are one of the most important experiences of infertile couples. Lack of awareness and treatment can cause problems for the mental health of couples. It is suggested that therapists and counselors interpret the life experiences and psychological changes of people more deeply and use the themes obtained in this research in therapeutic interventions.

This study aimed to develop a psychological-emotional empowerment educational package based on the lived experiences of single-parent male adolescents and subsequently test its effectiveness on their cognitive fusion.

The research method was qualitative, employing a phenomenological-descriptive approach, while the quantitative part was semi-experimental with a pre-test post-test design, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included male teenagers from single-parent families in the first period of secondary school in Abadeh city in 2022-2023. In the qualitative part, 15 single-parent male adolescents were purposefully selected and subjected to in-depth interviews. In the quantitative part, 35 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling and assigned to experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental and 17 in the control group). The adolescents in the experimental group received the psychological-emotional empowerment training package over ten weeks in ten 90-minute sessions. A pre-test was performed before the intervention, a post-test after the intervention, and a follow-up phase two months later. The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders et al., 2014) was used in this study. The data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA and a post hoc Bonferroni test via SPSS23 software.

According to experts, the results showed that the psychological-emotional empowerment training package has sufficient content validity. Additionally, this training package impacted the cognitive fusion (P<0.0001; Eta=0.66; F=63.41) of single-parent male adolescents.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that a training package of psychological-emotional empowerment, by fostering emotional competencies, gaining competence, autonomy, effectiveness, communication with others, empathy, and kind behavior towards others, can be an effective method to decrease cognitive fusion in single-parent male adolescents.

Mindful parenting is a new application of mindfulness that aims to improve parenting by promoting parental attention, increasing awareness of parenting stress, and reducing parental reactivity. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of mindful parenting. The research method was qualitative and the strategy was thematic analysis. The research environment included all parents who referred to psychology and counseling clinics in Shiraz, as well as psychologists and specialists in the field of working with children. Using the available sampling method and semi-structured interviews, a total of 12 people were selected. After collecting the data, analysis and coding were performed. The results showed that the components of mindful parenting include: appropriate behavior towards the child, age and capacity of the child, problem-solving efforts, child-like role model, leveling with the child, deep attention to interaction with the child, self-regulation, preventing judgment of the child, promoting emotional intelligence, empathy with the child, and forgiveness.

The death of a child is the most difficult experience for a mother in life, and it has many psychological damages. Especially the death of a child due to cancer has its own difficulties. Because of the difficulty of this experience, mothers need consolation and comfort. But how to express condolences is very important. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop condolence rituals based on the lived experiences of bereaved mothers of cancer children. The current research was mixed and in the form of a mixed exploratory design and included qualitative and quantitative phenomenological methods. The sampling method was purposeful and with maximum difference. The number of sample people were 13 bereaved mothers due to the death of their child with cancer in Yazd city. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. After interviewing the participants and recording the interview, each of the recorded interviews was written down on paper and analyzed using the Collaizi method. 3 main themes and 16 secondary themes were obtained from the data analysis. The main themes were condolence focused on spirituality, condolence focused on effective emotion, and condolence not expressed. Using the obtained data, a package of grief counseling and condolence rituals with an Islamic approach was designed including ten sessions. Delphi technique was used to validate the designed package. Then, the collected responses were analyzed and quantified in the form of two indexes, the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI). The minimum acceptable value for content validity was 0.79, which was obtained for validity sessions at 0.85. Also, the minimum relative content validity coefficient was 0.62, which was the minimum value obtained for the sessions of 0.67. The results showed the validity of the counseling package. These findings show that in condolence with bereaved mothers, etiquette should be observed that has a consoling function and does not lead to more harm and discomfort to the bereaved mother.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the mindful parenting training package on improving the parent-child relationship, parenting stress, and feelings of loneliness. The research method was practical in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all parents referring to psychology and counseling clinics in Shiraz, as well as psychologists and specialists in the field of working with children. Among them, 30 people who visited Aram counseling clinic were selected by available sampling method, then they were randomly replaced in two control and experimental groups (15 people each). The data collection tools were Gerard's Parent-Child Relationship Tension Questionnaire, the Abdin Parenting Stress Questionnaire, and Russell et al.'s Loneliness Scale. In order to analyze the data in the quantitative part of the descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency, mean and standard deviation and in order to generalize the findings from inferential statistics, the analysis of covariance test was used. Finally, the conclusion has been reached that the mindful parenting training package has an effect on improving the parent-child relationship, the mindful parenting training package has an effect on reducing parenting stress in mothers, and the mindful parenting training package has an effect on Reducing the feeling of loneliness in mothers has an effect.

As a large part of society who experience different restrictions according to different cultural, historical and social situations, women face difficult emotional conditions during marriage. This research is conducted with the aim of developing a combination treatment model based on compassion-focused therapy, integrated Islamic therapy, and therapy based on acceptance and commitment and its effectiveness on life satisfaction of depressed married women in Yazd city in 1400.

The research method was a combination of an exploratory design with a compilation and classification approach. The first stage was done qualitatively and based on a descriptive phenomenological strategy. In the qualitative part of the research, a combination treatment protocol based on the approach of combining psychotherapies by Stricker (2006) was compiled and validated. In the quantitative (second) part, based on convenience sampling, 30 depressed married women were selected, and then, through a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-testregarding the two test groups and proof, the effectiveness of the developed protocol on their life satisfaction was assessed. The statistical population of the research included all the women who referred to counseling centers in Yazd city, for whom the diagnosis of depression (Beck Depression Scale) was given. In order to measure people's life satisfaction, Diener's life satisfaction scale was used. In order to analyze the quantitative data of the research, the analysis of covariance method was used.

After extracting 11 main categories, a unified treatment protocol was formulated according to the findings. For validation, ratio coefficients and content validity index were used. The coefficients in all items were higher than 0/79 for CVI index and higher than 0./56 for CVR index.

The results of the analysis of the findings showed that integrated psychotherapy based on self-discipline approach, integrated Islamic treatment approach, and treatment approach based on acceptance and commitment  increase life satisfaction of depressed married women in Yazd city.

The aim of the current research was to design and validate the model of compassion-based academic motivation for second-secondary students from the point of view of experts, who tried to achieve their goals by using the paradigm of interpretivism, with the approach of social constructionism with inductive reasoning and with a qualitative research plan. did The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included counseling and psychotherapy specialists from the second secondary schools of Natanz city, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and based on the entry and exit criteria for the research. The statistical sample size was based on theoretical data saturation (15 people). The statistical population in the quantitative and validation part of the educational package and the research model included all counseling and psychotherapy specialists of the second secondary schools of Natanz city (100 people). The research tool was a semi-structured interview and the data was analyzed in two parts, qualitative and quantitative, using relevant methods. In the qualitative part and answers to the first, second and third questions of the research, qualitative analysis was used and these questions were answered using structural analysis. To answer the fourth question and validate, content validity ratio index (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used. The findings of the research showed that the model of compassion-oriented academic motivation has 10 main themes, including non-materialism, relaxation techniques, legal education, removing obstacles to compassion, conceptualizing compassion to others, Improving the facilitators of compassion, solving the basic issues of compassion, illustrating activities based on compassion to others for students, imagining and finally teaching compassion to others; And 28 is a sub-theme and has the necessary validity and reliability.

Spirituality is developing as the fourth dimension of human health. Comparative studies and exploiting the experiences of successful centers and countries are necessary to increase the quality of spiritual care and identify its strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this study was to compare education courses of spiritual care in Iran, Canada, America, England, and Europe.

The study method was descriptive-comparative. The elements of spiritual care training courses were searched and selected among the sources of Iran, America, England, Canada, and Europe in Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, Magiran, and Science Direct databases. Matching and comparison of data was done using the model of George F. Brady (1969).

Differences in the objectives, target group, and content of spiritual care courses were observed in the 4 investigated regions. Care at the end of life as well as crisis intervention and screening and evaluation were among the most frequent educational keywords. In all countries, training in spiritual interventions for end-of-life and bereavement, description of the condition and initial screening, consideration of the theoretical foundations of spirituality, conflict resolution, and spiritual confrontations are carried out.

Designing a training course based on a native and cultural approach can improve the quality of providing spiritual care services and provide the basis for the creation of a specialized field of spiritual care in hospitals. Promoting the quality of spiritual care in Iran's health care system requires the formulation of a codified executive model and reforms in the objectives, target group, and content of existing courses in Iran.

The high prevalence of the Covid-19 disease and its rapid infection, the imposition of restrictions, and the high mortality had many negative effects on the psychological and social aspects of bereaved families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of group counseling to deal with grief caused by Covid-19 regarding mournful women in Yazd.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of women with grief experience over losing their husbands due to Covid-19 in 2021. Through available sampling method, 30 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Data was collected through Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) by Barrett and Scott (1998). Moreover, the package of confrontation with mourning, a lived experience of mourning women in Yazd (Kalantari et al., 2021), was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. Covariance with repeated measurements and SPSS version 26 software were used in data analysis.

The research findings showed that the average score of grief experience in the experimental group was significantly lower than control group in posttest droup (p<0.001). Group training and intervention program could improve mourning experience in the experimental group compared to the control group in bereaved women.

Educational intervention based on lived experience of mourning women in Yazd can be used as one of the effective methods to improve mourning experience.

The current research aimed to determine the causal relationship between the variables of aggression and psychological flexibility with self-efficacy in deciding the career path of secondary school girls in Yazd city. 4769 female secondary school students of Yazd District two were selected in the academic year 1401-1402 by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools included the aggression questionnaire by Bass and Perry (1978), the psychological flexibility questionnaire (acceptance and action) (AAQ-R) by Ross Harris (2000), and the self-efficacy questionnaire for career path decision-making by Betts and Taylor (1996). The research design was a correlation (structural analysis type). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), SPSS version 25, and AMOS version 20 software. The analysis results confirmed the fit of the hypothesized model after some correction indices for the covariance between errors related to self-evaluation and goal setting. They showed that the impact of aggression on the self-efficacy of students' career path decision-making is negative and significant, and psychological flexibility had positive impact on the decision-making self-efficacy. The career path of students is positive and meaningful. Considering the importance of self-efficacy in deciding students' career paths in determining the educational way, it is necessary to consider the factors affecting it, including the variables studied in this research.

 Adoption can be introduced as one of the methods of caring for children. In this condition, the parent-child relationship is established in legal, emotional, and social ways between people who have no relationship with each other by birth. Considering the expansion and selection of adoption as one of the ways to complete the family in Iranian society, few research studies have been done to understand the problems of adoption. Since the necessary conditions for adopting a child are awareness of issues, challenges, and information and training, to improve the quality level of these services concerning adoption, it is necessary to correctly address the challenges related to the issues of the applicant families. Known and written packages in this area should be compiled. This research aims to investigate the lived experiences of adoptive parents in Yazd City, Iran, to have a successful adoption.

 A qualitative research method was chosen, using the approach of phenomenological theory. In this approach, the systematic procedures of Strauss and Corbin were used. Based on the phenomenology theory approach, it is basically the study of lived experience or the world of life. Phenomenology tries to reveal the meanings they are experiencing in everyday life. Hence, a more complete understanding of the perceived experiences of adoptive parents has been made. The research involved all the adoptive parents of Yazd City, which four years had passed since their adoption. The purposeful sampling method was used to determine the sample in the qualitative part, and 15 adoptive parents were interviewed. The end of sampling occurred when theoretical data saturation was reached. This study was conducted using a qualitative method, and the data were collected through a semi-structured exploratory interview method among those referred to counseling centers under the supervision of the Welfare Organization. The data obtained from each interview reached saturation for the second time. Thematic analysis method was used to code and analyze the data.

 According to the analysis of the answers provided, 7 main themes and 24 subthemes were obtained on the main challenges of adopting a child and the lived experience of adoptive parents. The main themes were "difficulty of infertility for spouses", "finding a way to the idea of adoption", "difficulties of the path of adoption", "facilitators of the path of adoption", "educational challenges of adopted children", "successes caused by adoption", and "failures caused by adoption." These themes were presented in the order of appearance in the process of interviewees' experience and in response to the question of how adoptive parents experience adoption, and the answer to the question why such an experience is experienced can be explained by the infertility of the spouses and the difficulties of adoption. The main theme of the first, which is the difficulties of infertility for spouses, is a description of the way of dreaming with infertility, the efforts made in this direction, and the costs imposed on the spouses they have found. In this context, the spouses participating in the research considered the role of the media, friends, and close relatives to be effective in the impasse of infertility treatments and the meaninglessness of childless life. Part of these difficulties are related to difficult legal processes; part is related to the sensitivity towards the legitimacy and confidentiality of the adopted child, concern for the reaction of the people around the adoption, and lack of skills in dealing with adoption challenges. Some of these challenges are similar to the existing challenges of raising children with normal parents, and some of them are created due to the necessity of adopting a child and taking care of an adopted child.

 In this research, the lived experience of infertile couples was investigated more deeply, and the challenges of adoption were identified. If appropriate solutions are adopted and adoptive families find the necessary preparations, adoption will generally be associated with pleasant and positive outcomes.

Formation of family and marriage as one of the most important stages during each person's life, begins with selecting a spouse, so success and satisfaction in other stages of life depend on the correct decision and the conscious choice in this stage. Marriage shares a life with another person who has different criteria and expectations. This choice plays an important role in forming the foundation of the family and couples' marital satisfaction and achievement, as well as family dissatisfaction and the tendency to divorce in couples. Personality traits, family, culture, and community attitudes towards life and environment are important factors in this selection. The expanded assessment aspects and a lack of clear criteria for achieving a comprehensive understanding of the partner are part of people's problems in selecting a spouse. This study aimed to achieve important elements in selecting a spouse as protective factors against marital dissatisfaction and Divorce based on Iranian culture and from the perspective of family psychologists and consultants.

In this study, which was performed with a phenomenological method, two groups of samples including specialists in family and marriage and a panel group of university teachers and students were used. In the qualitative phase, according to the purpose of accessing the experience of experts in the subject of study, counselors, and psychologists in the field of family and marriage in Yazd City that wanted to participate were used. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample group. The sample size in qualitative studies continues until the researcher is fully saturated with the information, i.e., until a new code of interviews is not extracted and the information obtained is duplicated, so in this study, the sample was continued until complete data saturation by 16 interviews. After conducting semi–structured interviews with the first group, interviews were analyzed to examine the participants' experience of the subject. In the next stage, using Colaizzi's method (1978), the main subthemes and themes were extracted. In the quantitative phase, a panel of ten professors and senior undergraduate psychology and counseling students at the Islamic Azad University of Yazd were used by random sampling method to determine the validity of the categories obtained. To evaluate the content validity, two qualitative and quantitative methods were used to the viewpoint of experts on the level of coordination with the themes. The research data was validated according to four criteria of reliability provided by Guba & Lincoln (1989). To measure the validity of the data, a panel group was used to assess the validity by the content validity method. In the next step, by referring to the Lawsche table, validation was done for ten participants with a coefficient of 0.6 as the critical point and necessity of the class.

After analyzing interviews and understanding participants' experience with the Colaizzi method, 397 codes, 52 secondary themes and seven main themes were concluded. The seven main themes included personality traits, history of family growth, expression of love and emotions, spirituality and religious expectations, management of finance, conflict and resolve, and family customs identified as the main components and criteria of youth in choosing a spouse. The main categories of "personality traits", "management of financial and economic affairs", and "family and customs", with the frequency of 10, 10 and 9, respectively, from the perspective of experts in the interview, were more important. All seven main categories achieved an acceptable content validity score.

Identifying and determining the basic criteria of choosing a spouse in marriage while helping to make conscious choices that increasing marital satisfaction can strengthen the family foundation and prevent Divorce in life.

According to achievements, people personality traits and behavior effect to their noticing to social networks. So one of the reasons that networks have different effects to different people, is people differences of personality and behavior. Therefore, if content can be produced based on the attribute of personality, could be hopeful to be more affective and provide the base to flourish. Goal: Offering a pattern of online social network producing data based on the ethology of users. In this research with mixed method, the level of using networks is gained by questionnaires and conceptual model is figured by interviewing experts in psychology. Research achievement: The most important achievements of this research are:Whats app, telegram and Instagram by 34, 26 and 22 percent are the most attractive networks to use. Social, educational and cultural subjects by 23, 19 and 15 percent are the most popular subjects. Video by 39 percent is the most attractive content. In this research, the ideal pattern of producing content is showing as a paradigmatic model. In this model the relation between some items creates pivotal phenomenon and some strategies are offered, which can create ideal conclusions.
By noticing to people personality traits, can produce applicative content in social networks and effect users MOR

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three approaches of self-compassion treatment, compassion based on religious teachings, and treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reduce depression in married women.

The present study was performed through quasi-experimental method of pre-test and post-test using three experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study was all women referred to counseling centers in Yazd in the year 2020 who were diagnosed with depression. The sample size was 40 people who were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. In order to measure the happiness and quality of life in the sample, Life satisfaction Scale of Diner et al. (1985), and the Oxford Happiness Scale of Argyle and Lou (1989) were used. In order to analyze the research data, the analysis of covariance was used.

The analysis of the findings showed that all three treatments were effective in improving happiness (F=33.25 and effect size, 0.792) and quality of life (F= 89.38 and effect size, 0.911) in women (P<0/01). Also, the results of pairwise comparison of the groups showed that the treatments used in increasing happiness were not significantly different from each other, but compassion treatment based on religious teachings was more effective in improving women's quality of life than the other two treatments (P<0.01). All three methods are effective in increasing happiness and improving the quality of life of depressed married women.

according to achievements, People type of personality effect to their noticing to media and their level of learning. So one of the reasons that media has different effects to different people, is people differences of personality. Therefore, if content can be produced based on the attribute of personality and learning, could be hopeful to be more affective. Condition of social media producing content based on the attribute of personality and learning.

In this research with mixed method, the difference of people personality and learning is gained by questionnaires and conceptual model is figured by interviewing active men and women in media and psychology.

The most important achievements of this research are:1- Agreeableness has an inverse relation with learning method of objective experience. 2-Psychoneurosis has a relation with learning method of view reflection and there is an inverse relation between extraversion-introversion, responsibility and learning method of view reflection. 3- In this research, the ideal pattern of producing content is showing as a paradigmatic model. In this model the relation between some items creates pivotal phenomenon and some strategies are offered, which can create ideal conclusions.

With noticing to people attribute of personality and learning, can produce applicative content in social media and therefore, with raising potency of understanding, can increase media literacy.

Educating students with dyslexia is very important to solve the problems in their lives, and therapists try to act in a way that these students live better by providing various trainings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention based on counseling needs on psychological well-being of students with dyslexia.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included all students with dyslexia in Kerman in 2019, out of which 40 people (20 in the control group and 20 in the experimental group) were selected as a sample by a reading disorder questionnaire using available sampling method. The experimental group underwent counseling training based on counseling needs (8 sessions of 90 minutes). Research data were collected through Ryff’s Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (2002). Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and univariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that counseling training based on counseling needs was effective in increasing psychological well-being in the post-test phase (p<0.001). Based on the Eta coefficient, the value of this effect was 0.51.

Based on the findings of the present study, using counseling training based on counseling needs, as an effective psychological intervention, is suggested to improve psychological well-being of students with dyslexia.

Home is not always a safe and secure place. For victims of violence, it is a place of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. The most common violence, known as domestic violence, against women is caused by their husbands. Women are not silent victims; instead, they make great efforts to escape violence. Failure to resolve conflict is one of the most critical factors that lead to violence against women. The pattern of conflict resolution tactics in couples increases the likelihood of engaging in and continuing a violent relationship, separation, and physical and psychological harm. One of the most important factors in human issues and response to social phenomena is culture. Domestic violence can be seen as a specific cultural phenomenon that varies depending on the culture and coping strategies that women victims choose. This study aims to identify the coping strategies of women victims of domestic violence living in Yazd City, Iran.

The research method is qualitative, using grounded theory. The study population consisted of all female victims of domestic violence living in Yazd. The sample included 37 female victims of domestic violence selected by a purposive, theoretical sampling method. The inclusion criteria were as follows: willing to interview, having complaints and dissatisfaction with their relationships and experience of domestic violence, and being married. The female victims of domestic violence referred to Bahman Psychiatric Center and Yazd Counseling Center, who met the inclusion criteria, were interviewed from February 2017 to July 2017. The method of data collection was semi–structured interviews. The interviews were conducted free of charge at Bahman Hospital in Yazd. The duration of each interview varied from 40 to 70 minutes, depending on the circumstances of the participants. During the interview, the conversations were recorded with the permission of the interviewees to examine the information in detail. To analyze the data, the objectivist approach of Strauss and Corbin was used. Four Guba and Lincoln trustworthiness indicators (credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability) were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of qualitative data. To achieve the credibility criterion, sufficient time was allocated for data collection and analysis, and more than one analyst was used to review the data. A sampling method with maximum diversity was used to increase the transferability of results. For dependability, the participants' opinions on the study's findings were examined, and they reported the accuracy of the findings. To confirm all coding processes, notes were taken, and data sources were made available.

The qualitative data analysis leads to the extraction of 49 concepts, 17 subcategories, and 2 main categories (maladaptive and adaptive strategies) in four domains of individual, couple, family, and social. Getting rid of anonymity also emerged as a nuclear issue. The victims stated that in the face of husband violence, they used maladaptive strategies of avoidance, surrender (individual); emotional strategies of competition and war of attrition (couple); ineffective strategies of self and husband families (family); and ineffective social and legal strategies (social). Other strategies women used against domestic violence of their husbands were adaptive strategies. Adaptive strategies include realistic and compassionate strategies, participatory and consensual strategies, practical support strategies for family and spouse, rebuilding social relationships, and assisting with legal and community support resources. These strategies are corrective, positive, and in some cases, neutral. Although these strategies are very intertwined and boundaries are not very precise and change over time, they can be categorized into four domains of individual, couple, family, and social to better understand and prevent the disruption of the analysis structure.

According to the results of the present study, the use of coping strategies in women affected by spousal violence varies according to their individual strengths, as well as family and social support. Understanding women's coping strategies against domestic violence provides a more comprehensive understanding of their needs.

One of the goals of education is to raise healthy people, along with mental and physical health, and the necessary attention to this issue will certainly have a significant impact on the fate of people. But various issues and problems in the educational and training dimensions are plaguing the educational system of societies. The aim of the present study was to understand the lived experience of the causes of dropping out of high school for first-year students.

This research was a qualitative phenomenological study. The statistical population of this study included male high school students in the first year of Isfahan in the academic year 1399 who had the experience of dropping out of school. The research sample was selected from male students in District 2 of Isfahan based on purposive sampling method and continued until data saturation, ie when new topics were not obtained. It was 30-60 minutes. To conduct this research, open-ended questions and questions were used to interview the research sample. The interview information was analyzed using the Claysian method.

According to 13 interviews, five central nuclei were found to be effective in dropping out of school. Five of the core cores themselves were classified into several core codes and one core code.

School dropout is a joint product of family and community and individual and peer group factors are effective in intensifying school dropout.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy on psychological well-being and life expectancy in women with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental and statistical population including women with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan in 1399. Sampling was available as 30 patients were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. In this study, Schneider Life Examination Questionnaire (1991) and Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989) were used. Mindfulness-based compassion treatment taken from Fallah and Ayoubi (1397) was performed in 8 virtual 90-minute sessions. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy had an effect on psychological well-being and its dimensions and life expectancy and dimensions of women with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group (P <0.05).

Therefore, the results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy can be an effective treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of compassion therapy based on spiritual awareness on life expectancy, depression and dysfunctional thoughts of women with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was quasiexperimental and the statistical population included women with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan in 1399. Sampling was available as 30 patients were selected and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. In this study, Schneider (1991) Life Expectancy Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (1971) and Weisman and Beck Ineffective Attitudes Scale (DAS-26) (1978) were used. Mindfulness-based compassion treatment based on the book Fallah and Ayoubi (1397) was performed in 8 virtual 90- minute sessions. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS 21 descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy had an effect on life expectancy, depression and dysfunctional thoughts of women with multiple sclerosis in the experimental group (P <0.05).

The results showed that mindfulness-based compassion therapy can be effective in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Domestic violence is a common and threatening problem for the victimchr('39')s health and a continuing latent epidemy in mental health. Although domestic violence against women frequently occurs in family privacy, it affects womenchr('39')s lives in all public and social aspects. The consequences of this violence could be short-, medium- and even long-term and directly and indirectly affect womenchr('39')s health and society. The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of domestic violence against women.

This qualitative study followed the strategy of the underlying theory and the objectivist approach of Strauss and Corbin. The study population consisted of women victims of domestic violence in Yazd City, Iran. To select the study subjects, we referred to the Bahman Special Neuroscience Hospital and Sedaye Moshaver Consulting Center in Yazd from 2018 to 2020; then, those with the inclusion criteria were selected. The inclusion criteria were willingness to interview and cooperate in the research, complaining of and dissatisfaction with the marital relationship and experience of marital violence, and being married. In total, 37 participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques. The required data were collected using a semi-structured interview method. The duration of each interview varied from 40 to 70 minutes, depending on the conditions of the study participants. Data analysis was conducted after the first interview and resulted in the production of concepts and new questions; accordingly, more information was obtained. This process continued cyclically until data saturation. Theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 30 study samples; however, for further assurance, 7 more interviews were conducted. Open, axial, and selective coding was used to analyze the collected data. Three techniques were implemented to reach the reliability criterion; accreditation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit. The reliability of the study was also established by observing the principles and points of the interview, recording complete events, and executing them accurately.

Data analysis resulted in 84 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 major themes in 4 domains of the individual, couples, family, and social traumatic consequences. The battered woman syndrome also emerged as a nuclear category. In the system of individual traumatic consequences, the main categories were as follows: womenchr('39')s vulnerability (psychological & personality problems, physical & sexual problems), womenchr('39')s behavioral vulnerability, (high-risk behaviors, self-destructive behaviors), and religious and ethical values vulnerability (the weakening of religious beliefs, non-adherence to religious values, and non-adherence to ethical principles). Furthermore, in the traumatic consequences of the couple, the main categories included the following: marital distress (emotional, psychological & sexual dissatisfaction), the lack of motivation to continue living (institutionalized helplessness and hopelessness in problem-solving, divorce), and non-commitment to the spouse (womanchr('39')s extramarital relationship, husbandchr('39')s extramarital relationship). In the context of family traumatic consequences, the main categories included paternal family vulnerability (parents health damage, chaos, and stress in siblings’ lives), Spouse’s family vulnerability (stress in spousechr('39')s family, restrictions & disconnection with spousechr('39')s family, conflicts and tensions in families and relatives), and children’s vulnerability (bio psychological & behavioral vulnerability of children, the educational vulnerability of children). In the context of social traumatic outcomes, the main categories wee increasing social harm (unhealthy social relationships & friendship problems, creating inefficient human resources, continuing violence & divorce), economic insecurity (healthcare costs, support costs, & legal costs). The consequences of violence are interconnected, e.g., chains and women experience a series of traumas at the same time, which could collectively be interpreted as the battered woman syndrome.

Domestic violence against women is associated with numerous consequences and problems. These problems are continuous; chains and reinforce each other. The women victims of spouse violence experience these consequences as battered woman syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parental education based on the prevention of the appearance of early maladaptive schemas on the resilience of mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with the pretest-posttest design with the control group. The population consisted of all mothers with ADHD children referred to counseling centers of Yazd city. Thirty persons of them were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Both groups were evaluated in two stages (pre-test and post-test) and completed the Conor and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The experimental group subjected to 10 parenting training sessions for 90 minutes, based on the prevention of the emergence of early maladaptive schemas, and the control group remained in the waiting list. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that parental education based on the prevention of the appearance of early maladaptive schemas was effective on the resilience of mothers with ADHD children.