نرگس رئیسی

 The primary factor contributing to administrative corruption in the country is the lack of transparency and accountability of the government and its subsidiaries toward the public. The lack of attention to the transparency of Iranian public organizations over the years has resulted in irreparable damage to the country. In recent years, substantial financial and administrative corruption cases have emerged in governmental agencies nearly every few months. Thus, this research addresses a fundamental issue within the country, as a majority of the public has personally experienced these challenges and irregularities when interacting with public organizations. This study aims to present a model for enhancing administrative transparency in alignment with e-government development programs.

Design/ methodology/ approach: 

Since few studies have been conducted on the transparency of the administrative system in relation to e-government development programs, the nature of this research is exploratory, and the approach is qualitative. Specifically, it utilizes a case study strategy focused on the Social Security Organization. The research population includes elites and academic experts within the Social Security Organization. No sample size calculation was required because the qualitative sample was purposefully selected. The researcher used a snowball sampling technique to reach theoretical saturation, achieving it after conducting semi-structured interviews with 12 experts. The study employed thematic analysis to propose and validate a model titled “Model for Enhancing Administrative Transparency in Interaction with E-Government Development Programs.” Participant validation was used to ensure construct validity. Internal validity was established by comparing the experience-based model generated from coding, categorization, and qualitative data analysis with the anticipated model derived from theoretical subjects. To ensure the reliability of the qualitative part of the research and theoretical saturation, the agreement test based on the correlation matrix of the agreement of opinions between the interviewees and the diagram of two coders have been used. Additionally, the data analysis was performed using the Maxqda qualitative analysis software, version 2020.

 The research findings revealed nine main themes. The sub-themes for the first main theme (Organizational Culture and Atmosphere) include organizational values, organizational trust, motivational practices, and superior organizational atmosphere. Sub-themes for the second main theme (Administrative Structure and Processes) include structural and process integration, decentralization, and administrative process reform. Sub-themes for the third main theme (Managerial Factors) include appropriate leadership style, financial management, human resource management, and IT management. Sub-themes for the fourth main theme (Environmental Factors) include the economic environment, cultural environment, government and legal institutions, and the political environment. Sub-themes for the fifth main theme (Managerial Supervision) include hierarchical supervision, inspector supervision, and digital supervision. Sub-themes for the sixth main theme (Public Supervision) include individual monitoring, media oversight, and supervision by NGOs. Sub-themes for the seventh main theme (Public Accountability) include establishing an accountable structure, stakeholder accountability, and promoting a culture of accountability. Sub-themes for the eighth main theme (Establishment of E-Government) include e-service delivery, e-information dissemination, e-accountability, and e-participation. Sub-themes for the ninth main theme (Growth and Development of the Social Security Organization) include dynamism and flourishing, growth in organizational profitability, human resource growth and development, and improving organizational and staff performance.

Limitations & Consequences:

 Due to time constraints, this article only focuses on the Social Security Organization (selected for accessibility as the research population).

Practical Consequences:

 This research's findings benefit the Social Security Organization, all companies within this sector, and generally to all governmental and private organizations within the country.

Innovation or value:

 of the Article Given the limited studies on administrative transparency in interaction with e-government development programs, this study employs a qualitative research approach, specifically a case study strategy in the Social Security Organization.

 The aim of this research is to examine and test the model for enhancing administrative transparency in interaction with e-government development programs in the Social Security Organization.

 This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. Data were collected using a standardized researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes all employees of the Social Security Organization. The sampling method for the present study, considering the target population, is stratified sampling. Approximately 65,000 individuals are in the population, and based on Cochran's formula, a sample of 385 individuals was selected. Subsequently, the composite reliability and the reliability of each research component were calculated, with the results indicating the reliability of the measurement tool. Additionally, the divergent and convergent validity of the questionnaire suggests the validity of the instrument. For data analysis, structural equation modeling was employed using the Smart PLS4 software.

 The results indicate that e-government has a significant impact on the growth and development of the Social Security Organization. Administrative structure and processes significantly influence managerial oversight, public oversight, and public accountability. Environmental factors also significantly impact managerial oversight, public oversight, and public accountability. Furthermore, managerial factors have a significant effect on managerial oversight, public oversight, and public accountability. Organizational culture and atmosphere significantly affect managerial oversight, public oversight, and public accountability. Finally, managerial oversight, public oversight, and public accountability have a significant impact on e-government.

 The model for enhancing administrative transparency in interaction with e-government development programs in the Social Security Organization can be proposed as a comprehensive and practical package for all managers of executive agencies in general and for the Social Security Organization in particular.

Researches show that one of the most effective factors on bridge destruction is bridge pier scour. That one of the methods used to reduce of scour around bridge piers is installing collar. The collars protect the river bed against vortex flow in the vicinity of the piers. In this research, the role of collar as a control structure of bridge pier scour was investigated along with the effect of its shape. Therefore, dimensions of collar were investigated on bridge pier scour reduction and application diagrams proposed. Results show that increasing dimensions of collars will increase the efficiency of performance comparing of both collars indicated, that collar with dimensions have better performance in reducing scour than collar . Larger collar does prevent sediment movement due to lift vortex in downstream of bridge pier and for this reason. On the other hand, with decreasing roughness at the surfaces collar from 40% to 50%, the reduction of scour increases from 39% to 58%.

Investigation of the scour phenomenon is very important. If it is not possible to control the scour around structures such as bridges or bridge supports. Includes irreparable damages. The scour around the bridge piers causes to instability of them, and without applying an appropriate solution, it eventually leads to demolition of the structure. Therefore, study on the mechanism of the occurrence of the scour and the effective parameters on amount of scour are important. So, already various studies have been done on the mechanism of scour around hydraulic structures especially bridges. In the field of scour around bridges, researches are more focused on scour of piers, but no effective results were obtained on the scour phenomenon around the piers. Bed erosion and transport of sand material from its location by a flow called scour. Local scour is a special type of scour that may occur around the bridge piers or bridge abutments. This type of scour is main reason of many bridge failures in the word. Because of this, supply of methods to control and reduce these phenomena is important. One of the methods of scour reduction around the bridge pier or abutment is installation a thin flat rigid plate (collar) on the pier or abutment. There is no comprehensive study to use this method for protecting the pier against scour so far. Therefore, this topic was considered for this research.

This study was performed in the flume with a length of 6 m, a width of 0.72 m, a height of 0.6 m and constant bed slope equal to 0 m in Hydraulic Laboratory of Shahid Chamran University. The bed materials were non cohesive sediment with an average diameter equal to 0.73 mm and geometric standard deviation of 1.22. As well as Plexiglas plates with a thickness of 3 mm was used to build the collar. In this study, 27 tests were performed to measured, sediment movement and determine the two-dimensional velocity components. In each section, a series of tests were performed as a control experiment. The tests of sediment were done in the 3 of flow rate equal to 25, 30 and 35 liters per second. In this condition, Froude Number was equal to 0.26, 0.32 and 0.37 respectively. The 3 unsymmetrical collars with different dimensions in four three Numbers were tested. To do so first general non dimensional relationship was developed. Then series of experimental tests were conducted in a physical model using three different Zc (0, 0.25 and 0.5 high).

Dimensionless plots were obtained regarding effect of dimension of both collars on scour reduction around bridge pier. Different positions of installation of collar were investigated. Dimensionless plots were obtained for determination of collar performance in various heights. Different positions of installation of collar were investigated. Dimensionless plots were obtained for determination of collar performance in various heights. In this section, one of the collars had the best performance, and it was called optimum collar. Local scour around a bridge pier results from the flow and pier interaction and separation of the flow at the sides of the pier. One of the methods used as a local scour countermeasure at bridge piers is collar. Then, we have been check about netted unsymmetrical collar. Also two tests were performed to determine three-dimensional components of velocity in different depth. The results show that the performance of collar in unsymmetrical collar improve by increasing its dimension. The collars located on the bed performance are better than the one located above the bed.

The results show that the collars have important role in retardation of scour development. In section of determination of three-dimensional components of velocity, the results show that the collar act as a shield against down flow. It can control the horseshoe scour around the pier. Literature review shows that cylinders forms, the maximum scour depth occurs in the case of cylindrical pier. Therefore, in this research cylindrical shape for circular bridge pier was selected and effects of Froude number were investigated on scour development. Result shows, that increasing froude numbers will increase the amount scour. Also, as the height of the collar mounting height is increased, the scour depth and the width of the scour hole increase. Following this research, three-dimensional components of velocities were determined with adv. velocimetry and then use for drawing flow pattern. Also result confirms that, maximum velocity occurs near the bed, because the down flow developed the significant secondary currents, and down flow and generated vortex are effective parameters on bridge scour.

The main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between religious beliefs, identity styles and personality traits with depression among female students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan). The research method was correlation, and research statistical population included all students of the mentioned population, among them 370 person were selected via multi-stage random cluster sampling and participated in this study. A set of questionnaires included Muslims Religious Beliefs (Serajzadeh, 1377), Identity Style (Berzonsky, 1989), Big Five Factors Personality Traits (NEO-FFI) by Costa and McCrae (1985) and Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-II), were used in current study. Data were analyzed by use of Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis . The results showed that there were significant negative relationship between   depression and total religious beliefs and its dimensions( faith, religious emotions, consequence and ritual (P≤0/01)). There were also significant negative relationship between depression and informational identity, normative identity and significant positive relationship with disoriented - avoidance identity (P≤0/01). Moreover, Depression had a significant positive relationship with neuroticism and had significant negative relationship with extroversion, agreeableness, openness to experience and conscientiousness (P≤0/01) as well. Furthermore, results of multivariable regression analysis showed that extraversion, commitment, agreeableness, avoidance, informational and neuroticism were able to predict 91% of depression variance.

The scour around the bridge piers causes instability of them, and without applying an appropriate solution, it eventually leads to demolition of the structure. Therefore, study on the mechanism of the occurrence of the scour and effective parameters on the amount of scour are important. This study was preformed to find the effect of bridge pier’s dimension on the scour depth. Therefore, the tests were carried out for cylindrical bridge piers with diameters of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mm in clear water condition with relative velocities (water velocity over scour critical velocity) of 0.95, 0.86, 0.76 and 0.67 in a laboratory flume. The mean size of bed particles was equal to 0.51 mm. The results showed that with an increase of 13.15 percent in relative velocity of the flow from 0.76 to 0.86 for pier with diameter of 40 mm, also with an increase of 20 percent in the pier diameter from 50 to 60 mm at the flow relative velocity of 0.95, the scour depth increased 38.8 and 10.34 percent, respectively. In addition, by analysis of the experimental results, the pier with diameter of 40 mm was an appropriate one with suitable diameter so it was proposed for the other similar experiments.

Local scour around the bridge piers results from the flow impact with bridge piers and it’s streamline separation. The scour hole around the bridge piers depend on the hydraulic characteristics of the flow, the specifications of the fluid, the pier’s shape and the size of the bed material. In most experimental study on scour around the bridge piers only one size of bed material is used. In this study the local scour around the cylindrical bridge piers with diameters of 10, 20 and 40 mm are measured and analyzed in a laboratory flume. The flow condition was clear water with relative velocities of 0.95, 0.86 and 0.76. Two uniform bed materials with mean diameters equal to 0.5 and 0.7 mm are used. The results indicated that in the constant hydraulic conditions for all piers diameters, the equilibrium time for maximum depth scour increases as the grain diameter of bed material increases. Also as the bed material increases from 0.5 mm to 0.7 mm, the depth of scour hole decreases when the diameter of pier was 40 mm and the relative velocity was 0.95 and also when the pier diameter was 10 mm and the relative velocity was 0.76. The amount of scour depths decreases for above mentioned piers were equal to 1.2 times and 4 times respectively.