نسرین چوبکار

In this study, the effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and UV radiation on the removal of zearalenone (ZEN) from sunflower oil was investigated. Pure sunflower oil samples showed no contamination with ZEN. The optimal conditions for ZEN removal using SNPs were determined to be a contact time of 240 minutes, an initial ZEN concentration of 25 µg/L, and 4 mg of SNPs. The kinetic data conformed to the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model. The results showed that SNPs have a high adsorption capacity and act as an effective adsorbent for removing ZEN from sunflower oil. The effect of SNPs in reducing ZEN was significantly more effective than UV radiation. The probable adsorption mechanism includes the chemical bonding of ZEN functional groups with silica groups and the high porosity of SNPs. Due to the low cost and non-toxic nature, the use of SNPs was introduced as an effective method for ZEN removal from food products. This method can be utilized as an efficient approach for ZEN removal in natural samples like edible oil.

Oil and gas production units emit large amounts of air pollutants due to combustion processes and burning of oil and gas wastes and endanger the health of the environment and people. Considering the extent of the activity of this industry in Khuzestan province, in the current study, the range of influence of the flares of the flares of the West Ahvaz oil and gas exploitation complex (number 3) in the winter of 2018 has been investigated.

To carry out this study, NO2, CO2, SO2, CO gases were measured in four directions: north, south, west and east and at distances of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters by direct reading devices.

NO2, O3, SO2, and CO gas were higher than the standard in the distances near the flare, and PM2.5 and PM10 suspended particles were more than the standard at a distance of 3000 meters from the roads. Regarding PM2.5 and PM10 particles, the results showed that 79.16% of the points were in unhealthy condition for the sensitive and unhealthy groups and 75% of the points were in healthy condition, respectively, more than 83.33% of the measured points in the case of two So2 gas and 75% of the points in CO gas, 66.66% in No2 gas were in very unhealthy condition.

According to AQI index values, O3 and PM10 were generally unhealthy to very unhealthy, and SO2 gas and PM2.5 particles were in worse condition compared to others.

The very important role of sports and its symbols can be used to promote environmental awareness, improve daily functions and activities of millions of people. Sports and the environment are closely related to each other and sports are mentioned as a tool to achieve the principles of sustainable development. The aim of the research was to provide a model of factors influencing the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province.

The statistical community included 10 sports management professors and experts familiar with the subject in the qualitative section and all the athletes of Kermanshah province in the quantitative section. In the qualitative part, the purposeful sampling method was used, and the sample of the quantitative part was selected using Morgan's table of 384 people. From the questionnaire created by the researcher by studying the theoretical foundations, semi-guided interviews with sports management professors and experts in an exploratory process and using the exploratory factor analysis method, 28 items in the form of six educational, research, structural, managerial, cultural, and research factors. And provincial solutions were classified.

The results of the research showed that the current questionnaire is a suitable tool for measuring the development of environmental culture in sports in Kermanshah province. Also, the final model of the research showed that the structural factors had the first priority from the respondents' point of view and the provincial solutions had the last priority.

It is concluded that the research model and the priority of its factors for policy making in the field of environmental culture development in sports should be taken into consideration.

The applicability of Albizia Stem Bark Lebbeck Modified by Fe2(MoO4)3 nanocomposite, was studied for eliminating Methyl Violet dye from industrial wastewater. Identical techniques including (IR, XRD, and SEM) have been utilized to characterize this novel material. The impacts of variables including initial Methyl Violet concentration (X1), pH (X2), adsorbent dosage (X3), and sonication time (X4) came under scrutiny using central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The values of 20 mgL-1, 0.03 g, 5.0, 3.0 min were considered as the ideal values for Methyl Violet concentration, adsorbent, pH, and contact time, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium and kinetic data were fitted with the Langmuir monolayer isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2: 0.999) with maximum adsorption capacity (120.4 mgg-1), respectively. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°: -9.26 kJ mol-1, ΔH°: -29.24 kJ mol-1, ΔS°: -131.49 kJ mol-1 K-1), also indicated Methyl Violet adsorption is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Overall results confirmed that Albizia Stem Bark Lebbeck Modified by Fe2(MoO4)3 nanocomposite is an effective adsorbent for removing the toxic dyes from an wastewater.

In this study the residue behavior of toxic insecticide abamectin on surface water with fluorescent chemical sensors because they are non-destructive, the ability to show decomposed concentrations, fast response, and high was investigated. In this research, a chemical sensor was synthesized PbS functionalized with gelatin quantum dots for toxic abamectin. The calibration curve was linear in the range of (0.05 to 10.0 µgL−1). The standard deviation of less than (1.1 %), and detection limits of the method (0.05 µgL−1) in time 60 s, 350 nm were obtained for sensor level response PbS Quantum Dot–Gelatin nanocomposites sensor with (95%), confidence evaluated. The observed outcomes confirmed the suitability recovery and a very low detection limit for measuring the toxic abamectin. The chemical PbS Quantum Dot–Gelatin nanocomposites sensor as excellent sensor in the practical application of toxic abamectin related to residue management is in Water Samples. The method fluorometric can be used as to estimate the appropriate PHIs and can also support authorization of plant protection products as supplementary information.

In this current article, a chemical sensor was synthesized PbS functionalized with Gelatin Quantum Dots for Fenpyroximate. The measure of Fenpyroximate was performed using concentration (2.5×10-3 mol L-1), PbS Quantum Dot-Gelatin nanocomposites sensor, pH 6, and time 40 s, wavelength 328 nm. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit linear range were obtained (0.02 to 20.0 µg L-1). The standard deviation of less than (2.0%), and detection limits (3S/m) of the method (0.02 µg L-1) for determination of Fenpyroximate, was obtained. The observed outcomes confirmed the suitability recovery and a very low detection limit for measuring the Fenpyroximate. The chemical PbS Quantum Dot–Gelatin nanocomposites sensor as excellent sensor in the practical application of Fenpyroximate related to residue management is in surface water samples.

Today, the biggest challenge of most countries is health and environmental threats. Health, safety and environmental education has a significant effect in reducing these threats. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions to achieve educational goals and to ensure the health of people in the society at different ages, it is necessary to apply appropriate HSE methods to ensure health, safety and environment in schools. Health, safety and environment is within the scope of studies.

This research is a descriptive-analytical type that has two main stages. In the first step, the current situation was examined by preparing the evaluation matrix of internal (IFE) and external (EFE) factors. In the second stage, by preparing the matrix of opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses (SWOT), the strategy according to the factors was presented.

The findings are in the order of the most points, the most important strengths of health, safety and environmental management of schools in Kermanshah, attracting internal and external participation, especially the provincial and municipal university of medical sciences,in the weaknesses of "inattention to complying with safety instructions, weakness in monitoring and training", in opportunities "cooperation and follow-up on solving safety problems, environmental health and defects observed in schools through the health center and the General Directorate of School Renovation, Development and Equipping", in threats "lack of reliable monitoring system in the implementation of health promotion programs in It was the province.

The results of the evaluation of the strategies indicate that the first step in the direction of the strategic management goals of the study area is the strategy of "supporting senior managers from the rules and regulations in order to advance the goals of HSE in schools, attracting financial and credit resources and supporting senior managers." Regarding the recruitment of expert human resources in the field of HSE, "Designing an efficient and effective system to monitor the implementation of relevant programs and review the laws related to schools and pay attention to health and safety issues and the organization and use of competent human resources" is also in The second priority is

About 99% of the Earth's water reserves are located in oceans and glaciers that are saline or inaccessible. But rivers, despite having one of the smallest volumes of water reserves, have long been easily exploited by humans. Even the first foundations of the formation of human civilization can be found around rivers (Pahlavani et al., 2015). Therefore, paying attention to the quality of rivers is of special importance. Iran is located in the dry belt of the earth and considering that the water entering from the borders to our country is not significant, so it can be said that all Iranian water is supplied by rainfall and 70% of this rainfall is out of reach through evaporation, which is three times It is a global statistic, which doubles the importance of paying attention to the quality of fresh water in our country. River water pollution can in fact be considered as an indicator of environmental pollution due to human activities, because rivers are the only water resources that travel a long way through cities, villages and industrial and agricultural areas (Shokri Saravi et al., 2014). In this study, we tried to investigate the water quality of Maroon River using benthic invertebrates. The most important source of water for industry, agriculture, drinking and health and the creator of Shadegan wetland in the south and southeast of Khuzestan province is the Maroon-Allah-Jarahi river. (Hosseini Zare and Barati Gandomkar, 2006).

This study was conducted in 2019 during two seasons of summer and autumn in 6 designated stations in Maroon River. This catchment is located in the southern and southwestern slopes of the Middle Zagros between the eastern longitude of 50 degrees and 5 minutes and 51 degrees and 11 minutes and the northern latitude of 30 degrees and 39 minutes to 31 degrees and 21 minutes (Shafiee Motlagh et al., 2016). The location of the studied stations is specified in Table 1. In the BMWP system, the resistance of each family of benthos to contamination is the basis for scoring. So that the families that are less resistant to infection have the highest score and the most resistant family member, which is dominant in the region, has the lowest score. Finally, the scores of the households are added together in the sample to obtain the BMWP score of that station (Table 2) (Karami et al., 2017). The FBI Index was introduced in 1988 by Hilsenhoff to determine the tolerance of macrobenthos living in freshwater. In this index, the tolerance of macrobenthos organisms varies between 0 and 10, which increases with decreasing water quality. (Pahlavani et al., 2015). Guidelines for determining water quality based on this index are given in Table 3.In this study, Spss and Excel software were used for statistical calculations, data analysis and drawing tables and graphs. Normal data distribution was performed based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficient with significant levels of 0.05 and 0.01 was used to show the correlation between macrobenthos groups and biomarkers. Map Source and AutoCAD software were used to map the study area and determine the location of study stations. In the study conducted in Maroon River, 4 genera, 8 families and 9 genera of macrobenthos were identified. Among these categories, Oligochaeta with 54.16% and Hirudinea with 2.11% had the highest and lowest frequency in the whole study period, respectively. Among the families identified in this sampling, Insecta and Gastropoda categories each included 3 families and Oligochaeta and Hirudinea categories each included 1 family. The frequency of macrobenthos was recorded at 3100 per square meter in autumn and 2452 per square meter in summer. During two sampling periods, a total of 2776 units per square meter of macrobenthos were collected. In total, the highest frequency of macrobenthos in the two study chapters was related to station 4 (water channel) with 2922 units per square meter and the lowest frequency of macrobenthos was related to Fajr town station with 98 units per square meter. (Table 5) and (Figure 1). Among the groups identified in autumn, summer and in the whole study period, on average, the highest frequency was related to the category of low-larvae and the lowest frequency in autumn was related to the category of insects and in summer and the whole study period was related to the category of leeches. (Figures 2, 3 and 4). In the fall, 8 species from 7 macrobenthic families were identified and counted. In this season, the highest frequency of macrobenthos belongs to the family Tubificidae and the lowest frequency belongs to the family Hydropsychidae and the family Tabanidae. In the insect category, both families identified in this study had equal frequencies. In the lower abdomen category, the highest frequency belongs to the family Physidae Physella acuta species and the lowest abundance belonged to the family Bithyniidae.In summer, 6 species from 5 macrobenthic families were identified and counted. In this season, the highest frequency of macrobenthos belongs to the family Tubificidae and the lowest frequency belongs to the family Glossiphoniidae of Placobdella sp. In the insect category, no individuals from the families Hydropsychidae and Tabanidae were observed compared to winter. In the lower abdomen category, the highest frequency was related to the family Physidae of the species Physella acuta. No members of the Bithyniidae family were observed this season. (Table 4). According to the results of Kolmogro-Smirnov test and the value (p = 0.486), the values of bi-wd index are normal and using LSD test between the values of w-w index in summer in stations 3 and 5 with other stations and in autumn in two stations. Significant differences were observed between 1 and 3 (P <0.05). According to the results of t-test, there is no significant difference between the values of bio-indices in summer and autumn (P> 0.05). The highest rate of bile duct index was recorded with a mean (5.06 81 0.81) in autumn and the lowest with a mean (4.33 24 1.24) was recorded in summer. Based on the bio-development index, the water quality of the area in both summer and autumn was recorded in a very poor quality category (Table 6) (Figure 5). According to the results of Kolmogro-Smirno test and the value of p (0.001), the values of Hilsenhoff index were abnormal and using Kruskal-Wallis test, a significant difference was observed between the values of Hilsenhof index in summer study stations (P <0.05). No significant difference was observed in autumn (P> 0.05) (Table 5). According to the results of Mann-Whitney test, there is no significant difference between the values of Hilsenhoff index in summer and autumn (P> 0.05). (7.98 06 0.064) was recorded in summer and its lowest level with average (7.70 18 0.18) was recorded in autumn. Very poorly recorded, and in the fall, the water quality of the study stations was in very poor quality (Table 7) (Figure 6).

The results of the present study showed that during 2 sampling periods in the study area, a total of 10 species from 8 families and 4 macrobenthic categories were identified and counted. The highest frequency of macrobenthos was recorded in autumn with 3100 units per square meter and the lowest frequency in summer with 2452 units per square meter. In winter, more favorable environmental conditions such as lower temperatures and water turbulence and as a result of increased dissolved oxygen as well as high self-purification power of the river, have created favorable conditions to increase the diversity and abundance of benthos. In summer, with increasing temperature, the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases and because oxygen is one of the vital needs of animals for proper nutrition and metabolism, it has a direct and indirect effect on the frequency of all macrobenthos groups. Based on the results of calculating the unpredictability index in the study area, the water quality of the area in both summer and autumn was recorded in a very poor quality category. According to the findings of the BII index, in the summer, Cham Nezami, Ab-e-Kharvar and Behbahan water treatment plants were classified in the critical damage quality category, and Chahar Asyab and Maroon dam stations were classified in the high damage category. Also in the fall, Cham Nezami stations, four mills and water canals were in the critical damage category, and the stations of Maroon Dam, Behbahan Refinery and Fajr town were in the severe damage category. In calculating the BMW WP index, the most resilient families get the lowest score. As mentioned earlier, the scoring process is such that the most vulnerable families are given a score of 10, and the lower the sensitivity of the family, the lower the score of that family until the most resilient family is given a score of 1.

Today, oil and gas industries are important resources for obtaining energy and income. During the production of oil and gas, very complex compounds that include organic and inorganic substances, petroleum hydrocarbons and aromatic and aliphatic compounds are transferred to the environment. benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes, which are called BTEX for short, are very important monoaromatic pollutants. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of exposure to BTEX on some clinical factors of the exposed people in the oil warehouse and office workers in Kermanshah National Oil Products Distribution Company.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. The samples of this study include the personnel working in the oil warehouse and the office staff of the National Oil Products Distribution Company in Kermanshah. After completing the demographic information of the participants in terms of the inclusion criteria and after collecting the results of the physiological tests of the employees, SPSS19 software was used for statistical analysis.

The results of the present study showed that the spirometric indices decreased in the workers exposed to BTEX compounds, but it was not statistically significant. Also, the number of red blood cells (6.73%) was significantly lower in non-administrative employees, as well as red white blood cells (6.61%), SGOT (10.14%) and SGPT (5.09%) in non-administrative employees. It has been more.

The number of platelets was higher in office workers. Considering the dangers of BTEX pollution for human health, it is recommended to use preventive measures such as using a special mask and a shift work system.

Considering that conducting studies on the emission and concentration of pollutants in the air is one of the key measures to maintain the quality of the environment and, of course, towards the goals of sustainable development, so it can be said that by studying air pollution in industry Oil, to be able to predict the situation of sensitive areas in the future and to deal with possible adverse events, to provide appropriate ways to prevent, deal with and mitigate the consequences. This complex is located in the main flower path of Ahvaz city and directs the exhaust gases directly from the flares of this complex to the western part of Ahvaz. This is a non-interventional and descriptive-analytical study that was conducted in the summer of 1398 in Ahvaz. Ahvaz city with a population of 1059461 people was located at 31.20 north latitude and 48.40 degrees east longitude. The province is arid and semi-arid in terms of weather conditions and is affected by winds from neighboring countries, especially Iraq, as well as winds originating in the Persian Gulf.

After conducting comprehensive studies on the climatic and geographical situation of Ahvaz city and according to the map of Ahvaz flower garden, the exhaust gases from the flares of oil and gas exploitation complex No. 3 in the west of Ahvaz, were considered as a source of pollutants. This complex consists of an operation section with gas and diesel fuel consumption and 3 long burners, 3 short burners and 70 fuel pits, a desalination section with gas fuel and has 2 short burners and a gas pressure boosting station with gas and diesel fuel. It consists of 2 long burners, 1 cold burner and 1 fuel pit. Concentrations of NO2 and CO2, SO2, CO were measured by Enviro SA and Ecotec analyzes. Monitoring of gases and suspended particles was measured in summer and once a month (3 times in total) at intervals of 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 meters in four directions north, south, west and east of the complex. Figure 2 shows the location of the sampling location. In order to calculate the AQI index, the information obtained from the sampling points according to the table of national standards of open air quality and air quality index were converted into the standard mean time concentration. According to these standards, a maximum concentration of 8 hours was used for carbon monoxide, a maximum concentration of 1 hour for nitrogen dioxide, and a mean concentration of 24 hours for suspended particles and sulfur dioxide. The maximum concentration of CO gas was measured during 24 hours. A maximum concentration of 8 hours and a maximum concentration of 1 hour were used for ozone, an average concentration of 24 hours for suspended corn and sulfur dioxide, and a maximum concentration of 1 hour for nitrogen dioxide. The results of the values related to air hygienic quality indicators of O3, NO2, SO2, CO gases in summer along with changes in air hygienic quality are shown in Table 3. Accordingly, in summer, SO2 gas was very unhealthy up to a distance of 50 meters and NO2 and CO gases were unhealthy up to a distance of 500 meters. CO was very unhealthy at 2000 and 3000 meters in the east, NO2 at 1000 meters east and south and So2 at 3000 meters. O3 gas except at a distance of 50 meters south (Golbad route) with a rate of 0.098 ppm and at a distance of 50 meters west with a rate of 0.09 ppm and a distance of 100 meters east of the complex with a rate of 0.082 pm which was unhealthy In other respects, he was clean and healthy. The quality of PM2.5 particles was 50 meters north and south, 2000 meters south, north and east and 3000 meters in four directions of unhealthy pollution. Healthy condition was measured only in the east direction of Feller at distances of 500 and 1000 m and in the west direction at a distance of 1000 m. PM10 particles except at a distance of 50 m in the south (unhealthy for sensitive groups), 2000 m in the east, south and north (unhealthy for sensitive groups) and west (very unhealthy), 3000 m in the east and north (Unhealthy for sensitive groups) and west (dangerous) showed health in other directions and distances. The case of NO2 gas had Ip index in the distances of 50 and 100 areas to the west and south, a distance of 500 to the north and a distance of 1000 meters in the east at a distance of 2000 and 3000 meters in the west and north. O3 gas at the distances of 100, 50, 500 and 1000 meters had the highest value of Ip index in the south and at the distances of 2000 and 3000 meters in the west (Figure 4). So2 at distances of 50 and 1000 meters in the east and at distances of 100 and 500 meters in the south, at distances of 2000 and 3000 meters in the north and west (Figure 5) and CO at distances of 50 meters in the north, at distances of 100, 500 and 1000 Meters in the south and between 2000 and 3000 meters in the west had the highest Ip index. The Ip index was highest for PM2.5 particles at distances of 50, 100, 500 and 1000 m in the south and in the direction of west at 2000 and 3000 m (Figure 7). The Ip index for PM10 particles was highest in the west at distances of 50, 100, 500, 2000 and 3000 m and in the south at a distance of 1000 m (Figure 8). PM2.5 particles in the west direction and PM10 particles mainly in the east direction had the lowest amount of suspended particles, which is indicated by arrows.In terms of air quality index, PM2 .5 particles in healthy to very unhealthy condition and PM10 particles except at one point in the west at a distance of 2000 and 3000 meters, which showed very unhealthy and dangerous condition in most parts of the healthy condition. In the case of PM2 / 5 particles, which can be justified due to the location of Ahvaz in a dry area and the wind from the surrounding dry areas, which is also associated with light dust particles, also in the west direction, high vehicle traffic on the Ahvaz-Dezful road The access road to the industrial town is also the license plate exchange center, and in the south and southwest of Meyvan va Tarbar Square, as well as Al-Ghadir Stadium and the air defense residential areas, the cause of the high degree of air pollution is particles. The point that is determined by the overlapping of the values of the indicators with the sampling location map is the increase in the intensity of pollution according to the existing urban infrastructure at any point in a way that in the west of Feller by distance from Feller to Up to a radius of 1000 meters due to the lack of urban facilities, a decrease in air quality index gases and suspended particles was observed, but in the range of 2000 and 3000 meters with increasing urban activities and vehicle traffic centers such as fruit and vegetable center and highway. Ahvaz - Dezful and license plate replacement center, the level of pollution with CO and NO2 gases increased, and in fact, these infrastructures play the role of a flare with high CO gas emissions. While in the range of 1000 meters in all four directions of Feller and also 500 meters in the east of Feller and the north due to the existence of agricultural lands and limited rural populations, indicators of a better situation compared to points 50 and 100 Meters near the complex. Also, the situation of So2 gas at a distance of 2000 meters was clean and at a distance of 3000 meters, respectively, it became unhealthy twice. The city can reduce the concentration of this gas in the air and reduce its concentration due to the lack of natural barriers in the area and the lack of new sources of pollution, but at a distance of 3,000 meters of roads act as a new source and they increased the load of So2 contamination.

According to the above findings, the presence of oil and gas exploitation complex No. 3, along with the high density of urban service centers such as stadiums, fruit square and central transport of Ahvaz, license plate replacement center, Modares highway and busy road Ahvaz - Dezful and with Paying attention to the direction of Golbad acts as an aggravating factor for the residents of western Ahvaz, which can lead to many health injuries for citizens, even in the short term, including the short-term and acute effects of PM2. 5.2, NO2 and CO were noted for respiratory disease and mortality as well as due to the presence of farms on food crops.

In the present study, the effect of dill extract in the diet of Green terror fish on growth indices as well as survival, blood and Immunological factors is investigated and albumin, total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose were measured. For this purpose, 180 fish were prepared and randomly subjected to four experimental treatments containing levels of 0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5%. Biometrics were performed every 14 days. The highest values related to specific growth rate, body weight gain, weight gain percentage, daily food intake, protein efficiency ratio, and lowest feed conversion ratio were observed in the group containing 1.5% of dill extract, which was statistically significantly different from other The treatments were especially in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of obesity coefficient index, the highest rate was observed in the group containing 2.5% and the lowest rate was observed in the control group, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The results of biochemical blood parameters in an eight-week period showed that there was a significant difference between the treatment of 1.5% dill and the control group in terms of total protein, globulin and albumin (p<0.05). Also in the present study, the highest triglyceride level was observed in the control group, which was significantly different from the 2.5 and 0.5% dill treatments (p<0.05). The highest and lowest glucose levels were reported in dill and control treatments, respectively. In this study, it seems that the use of dill supplements in Green Terror fish can have a significant effect on improving growth indices and biochemical parameters of the blood. The results of this study can be widely used in improving the production of this valuable species and creating new perspectives on breeding conditions.

in recent years, the use of bioactive compounds in the formulation of meat and meat products has attracted the attention of experts.This research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, aqueous, ethanolic and hydro-ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum controversum(Varcoaz) andMentha pulegium were extracted by soaking and the total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the extracts were measured. The results of the first phase showed that the ethanolic extract of both plants had the highest amount of total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity and as a result, this extract was selected for injection into sausage formulation at levels of 0.5, 1 and 1.5%. In the second phase, the treatments were kept at refrigerator temperature on1,15 and30 days, during which time a number of microbial tests were performed on them and a control sample (sausage without any extract). In terms of coliform count, no countable colony was observed on first day. During the 15th to 30th days, the control sample showed the highest number and the treatment containing 1.5% of Varcoaz extract showed the lowest number of coliforms. In terms of the number of Staphylococcus aureus, during the 15th to 30th days, the control sample had the highest number of this bacterium, while the treatment containing 0.5% ofAllium sativum controversum extract showed the lowest number. During the first 15 days, no countable number of molds and yeasts were observed in the studied treatments, but on 30th day, the treatment containing 1.5% of Varcoaz extract showed the lowest number of molds and yeasts and the control sample had the highest number of them.

Harmful oil compounds have various dangers on marine organisms and human. Now with this threat of oil pollution in the country's water resources, especially the Caspian Sea, what strengths and weaknesses can there be to counteract this threatThe purpose of this study is to get acquainted with oil pollution and its derivatives and to explain the prioritization of the Caspian Sea environmental protection strategy of threats caused by oil pollution.

SWOT analysis (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) is an important tool for strategic study, situation analysis and providing appropriate solutions to obtain an answer to this question. Therefore, the main strategy of this study is to use the SWOT model as a tool to assess oil pollution in the Caspian Sea.

According to the results of this study, with strategic prioritization in the total share of Caspian oil pollution, there are two threats (Russia and Azerbaijan) and three opportunities (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Iran) that the most important weakness and threat in river resources and the most important Capability and opportunity have been identified in urban resources.

What has been underreported in these studies is the use of cross-border diagnostic analyzes because these analyzes, as official reports approved by international environmental organizations, can be the basis for periodic evaluations and based on them to determine strategic priorities in pollution control management of the Caspian Basin.

The current study was conducted to investigate the dietary effects of various amounts of Zataria multiflora seed powder on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters in broiler and native chicken, in a random study using 4 treatments including 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of Z. multiflora powder in diet for 42 days. At the end point, blood specimens were taken from wing vein and after the preparation of the serum samples, the following biochemical factors were measured using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein as well as hepatic enzymes activates including, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The number of lymphocytes and heterophiles also were counted. Furthermore, immunoglobulin contents were measured in serum samples. The obtained results showed that the herbal supplement can significantly alter all of the aforementioned factors in both races compared to the control. In addition, racial differences of the parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, lymphocytes, heterophiles, ALT activity and IgM were recorded in control groups. Conclusively, supplementation with Z. multiflora powder can improve hematological and biochemical parameters in both races. However, the immunoglobulin contents did not change remarkably and seems like the higher amounts of the herbal powder should be used to improve immunological responses.

Recently, herbal supplements have replaced the synthetic ones, due to several advantages. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dried powders of aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L and Zataria multiflora on hematological parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and antibody titter resulted from Newcastle and Gumboro vaccines. One hundred and twenty 1-day ROSS (308) chickens with 4 treatments and 3 replicates containing 20 birds in each were kept for 42 days.  The treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet); 2) Pennyroyal (200 mg/kg Pennyroyal + basal diet); 3) Thyme (200 mg/kg thyme + basal diet), 4) the combination (200 mg/kg+200 mg/kg of both herbal supplements + basal diet). The following hematological parameters were measured in the serum samples using standard assay kits: total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, high, low and very low density lipoprotein. The activities of 3 key antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase as well as malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity were measured as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Vaccination was done based on the regional standards and primary and secondary antibody titters were measured against Newcastle and Gumboro using HI and ELISA methods, respectively, 10 days after the last vaccination. The obtained results showed that the essential oils of the plants contain numerous active biocompounds and herbal supplements could alter biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Generally, the activities of superoxide dismutase was increased but catalase was decreased. Moreover, the activity of glutathione peroxidase remained constant. In addition, malondialdehyde content was declined but total antioxidant capacity was elevated. Furthermore, the secondary titers of the antibodies were significantly increased. The results of this study showed that supplementation with pennyroyal and dill dried powders can improve hematological parameters, enhance the antioxidant potency and immune system of broiler chickens. However, apparently the combination of the both plants has synergistic effects.

In this study, for the first time, lanternfish gelatin (Benthosema pterotum Alcock, 1890) was extracted and the composition (moisture, ash, protein), gel strength, gelling and melting temperature of extracted gelatin was investigated and compared with those of the commercial bovine gelatin purchased from market. The two gelatin samples were also compared in terms of color properties. Moisture and ash content of lantern fish gelatin were significantly higher than commercial gelatin. The result of measurement indicates that moisture and ash content of lantern fish gel were 8.2±0.1% and 3.2±0.1%, respectively. Protein content of the bovine gelatin (91.71±0.1 %) was significantly higher than lantern fish gelatin (86.3±0.1 %) (p<0.05). The gelling temperature and gelling time of the lantern fish gelatin (135 sec±2.0, 23±0.5°C), due to its low hydroxyproline content, was significantly lower than bovine gelatin (150 Sec±1.0, 26±0.5°C) which is due to fish gelatin nature. A significant difference between the gel strength of lantern fish (45±1.00 gr) and bovine gelatin (240±1.2 gr) was observed (p<0.05) and also bovine gelatin had better quality in terms of color factors than the gelatin extracted from lantern fish. Overall, lantern fish gelatin can be used in many biotechnological industries, as an economical and halal gelatin source, instead of pig and bovine gelatin.

Due to the bioactive components, the use of bioactive compound improves the qualitative properties of foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ocimum basilicum and Urtica dioica extract on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of sausage.

U. dioica extract at 0, 0/1, 0/2 and 0/3 % and O. basilicum extract at 0, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% individually and in the ratios of 0.15-0.20 and 0.25 - 0.35 % of U. dioica – O. basilicum extract added to sausage formulation and the experiments were carried out on treatments.

control sample (whithout any extract) had the highest pH value, fat, and moisture content and had the significant difference (p<0.05) in comparsion with other treatments. The treatments containing 0.1 % U. dioica extract, had the lowest pH value and moisture and highest protein content. The lowest fat and the highest ash content related to 0.3 % U. dioica extract. Regarding free radical scavenging activity, the U. dioica extract had more antioxidant activity individually and in comparison to O. basilicum extract and the compound extracts. Among the treatments, the treatment containing 0.1 % U. dioica extract showed the highest scores of taste and color.Treatments containing 0.3% U.dioica extract and the mixture of U.dioica - to O. basilicum extract (0/25-0/35%) represented the highest score of appearance and texture respectively. In terms of overall acceptance, after the control sample, the treatment containing 0.2 % U.dioica extract had the highest score.

The Urtica dioica extract showed the better results compared to Ocimum basilicum extract separately or combination of two extracts.

Silaffin is one of the proteins found abundantly in microalga Chaetoceros. It is used in the cosmetics, health and nutrition industries. In this study, extracted silaffin from two microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri and Chaetoceros calcitrans have been compared. For the experiment, the silica wall of the samples prepared from Bandar Abbas was extracted by using EDTA and SDS and their protein concentration was measured by Bradford method. Then, molecular weight was estimated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis to identify the available amino acids. Amino acids were analyzed by HPLC. Results showed a significant difference in the amount of silaffin extracted from C. muelleri compared to C. calcitrans (P<0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between two microalgae in the amount of aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, valine and tyrosine + alanine (P>0.05). However, the amount of glutamic acid, serine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, tryptophan, arginine, threonine, and glutamine + histidine was significantly different (P<0.05). C. muelleri in terms of the protein content of silaffin can be a better option for use in different industries with a biotechnological approach in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Considering the high nutritional value of fish meat and low consumption of fish in Iran, it is always advisable to consume this meat and its products. Cyprinus carpio is one of the most important and widely used species among fish. In the present study, Cyprinus carpio meat with beef meat (red meat) was used in the production of different samples of non-fermented sausages in ratios of 5, 15, 25, 35, 50, 65, 75, 85, and 95% in combination and on the day after production, physicochemical tests such as moisture, protein, fat, and ash content, and organoleptic evaluation such as color, aroma, flavor, consistency, and overall acceptance carried out on the samples. The results showed that by increasing the proportion of fish meat in the formulation, protein content increased and fat, ash, and moisture content decreased. The proportions of 35 to 65% of fish meat received the highest score, while, the proportions of 5 to 35% and 5 to 50% showed the highest scores of aroma and flavor, respectively. Treatments with a ratio of 65 to 95% of fish meat had the highest score of consistency. The overall acceptance of treatments showed that the ratios of 35 to 65% of fish meat showed the highest scores.

Wetlands are aquatic ecosystems that keep the evolution tree from single cell to excellent animal and hence the most important gene bank are about vegetation and animal in the world after the rain forests. Shadegan wetland is the largest wetland in Iran, located south of Khuzestan province. In addition to its diverse capacities, this wetland is also important for the fisheries and environment. Nowadays, the name of the Shadegan wetland has been damaged in the list of wetlands that have been damaged. It is worth noting that in the field of environmental issues, the ideal management is in the balance of the environment. In such critical conditions, it is important to save the ecosystem and its components, so dewatering the wetland is very important. Therefore, the restoration of dry wetland in Khuzestan Province and their dehydration by sugarcane drainage are very much considered. Considering the importance of this issue, this study attempts to emphasize on the positive and influential aspects of sugarcane drainage entry in Shadegan wetland with the approach of improving aquaculture status in the area and in controlling dust.

Soil is the main component of biological biomes and is necessary for survival on the Earth. Today, soil has been contaminated by human activities. Defining the boundaries between human activities and outcomes is essential. This study was done to evaluate the concentrations of metals such as arsenic, lead and cadmium in surface soils of agricultural land around Zahab plain and the environmental risk in 2014. The sampling points were recorded by GIS and then imported to the GPS. The soil samples were taken from depths of 0 to 30 cm soil by field assessment. The samples were then transported to the laboratory and necessary preparation actions were done. Total concentrations of As, Pb and Cd were measured by atomic absorption (SHIMADZU-AA-6300). The soil chemical and physical parameters such as clay, silt, sand, organic matter, lime, gypsum, gravel percent, EC and pH were also measured. Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant correlation among As, EC and organic matter (p<0.05). Comparison of concentrations with the international standards showed that these metals are in good condition. Pollution index showed that Pb poses more contamination than other two metals. Classification of the environmental risk showed that 83/22 % of the region falls in moderate risk. Low concentration of the metals in Zahab zone is due to traditional and small scale farming because farmers could not apply chemical fertilizers and they used mostly manure in their farms. As a result, the metals produced by agricultural activities do not pose a threat to crops and also environment.

Recently, the use of medicinal plantsas growth promoters, appetizers, immunological boosters and antimicrobial substances has increased in poultry industry. In this regard, the effect of Zataria multifloraand Mentha pulegium on growth characteristics, carcass quality and gut microbial count of broiler chickens were investigated. This research was carried out in a completely randomized design with 120 broiler chickens of Ross strain in 4 different feed treatment groups and 3 replicates consisting of 10 chickens each. The treatment groups consisted of T1 (Control) fed with basic diet (without plants), T2 fed with basic diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Mentha pulegium, T3 fed with diet containing 200 mg/kg of dried Zataria multiflora and T4 fed with diet containing a mixture of 200 mg/kg dried Zataria multiflora and 200 mg/kg dried Mentha pulegium for 6 weeks. All chickens were weighed weekly and at the end of the experimental period, growth characteristics including carcass weight, thigh weight and breast weight and intestinal microbial total count were measured in each group. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc test in SPSS 19. The results showed that the mean weight, the weight of thighs and breasts between treatment groups were not statistically significant but the intestinal bacterial count was decreased by these supplements (p<0.05). The maximum microbial load was observed in the control group (T1). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of these supplements in chicken feed reduces intestinal microbial counttherefore organic and safe meat production can be expected.

Probiotics are widely used in modern aquaculture. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of probiotic bacteria of Bacillus subtilis strain on growth parameters of rainbow trout and to determine the best application rate of this bacterium. The results of this research will be widely used in improving the production of this valuable species and creating new perspectives in breeding conditions and increasing its nutritional value. In this study, the effect of Bacillus subtilis IS02 in a completely randomized design with four different treatments including: T1 probiotic supplementation- free, T2 containing 106, T3 with 107 and T4 with 108 CFU/g of B. subtilis in diet for 30 days on some growth parameters (WG, SGR, FCR, PER, LER, PPV, LPV, CF, VFI, FE, DGI) was investigated. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. The results showed that T4 treatment with a concentration of 107 CFU/g had a significant effect (p=0.001) on the increase of protein value (PPV), but no significant effect was observed in other parameters of growth (p> 0.05).