فهرست مطالب نصرت الله شادنوش

The entrepreneurial ecosystem provides a growth model for entrepreneurs and by determining related indicators and elements, it identifies opportunities and threats and provides the basis for the growth of entrepreneurial activities. The aim of the current research is to develop the entrepreneurial ecosystem model with the approach of employability of knowledge-based businesses based in Science and Technology Park of Tehran University. In this regard, through interviews with 20 academic experts and entrepreneurs related to the field of research, the field under study was investigated with a qualitative method. The analysis of information in the qualitative section has been carried out by the method of theme analysis. The results of the research showed that the entrepreneurial ecosystem model can be designed with the approach of employability in six categories of human capital, financial capital, market capital, cultural capital, political capital and support capital, and each of these sectors had different subsystems. It was also concluded that paying attention to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem model has results such as the development of innovation and entrepreneurship and the creation of sustainable employability.

The entrepreneurial ecosystem with the approach of innovative ecosystems is a new and emerging path in the direction of skill development for entrepreneurs all over the world, which examines all opportunities and threats by expanding the interests and causes the growth and maturity and evolution of entrepreneurship at all its high levels. The aim of the current research is to develop an entrepreneurial ecosystem model with an innovative ecosystem approach in knowledge-based businesses in the field of technology located in the Science and Technology Park of Tehran University. In this regard, through interviews with 20 academic experts and entrepreneurs related to the field of research, the field under study was investigated with a qualitative method. The analysis of information in the qualitative section has been carried out by the method of theme analysis. The results of the research showed that the entrepreneurial ecosystem model can be designed with the approach of Innovative ecosystem in six categories of human capital, financial capital, market capital, cultural capital, political capital and support capital, and each of these sectors had different subsystems. It was also concluded that paying attention to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem model has results such as the development of innovation and entrepreneurship and the creation of sustainable employability.

As one of the most important known supplements, probiotics have many health effects and the development of the probiotic industry promises profitability and economic development of the country. Therefore, identifying the development strategies of the probiotic industry in Iran is the main purpose of this research. To this end we used the qualitative approach of semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 15 experts who were selected purposefully. For analysis of data, we used a thematic analysis method. The findings of this research show that the focused strategies of (product development, market development and market penetration); diversification strategies (horizontal diversification and heterogeneous diversification); Collaborative strategy (coalition strategy); and entrepreneurial strategies (foreseeing, risk-taking, pioneering and innovation) are major and effective in the development of the probiotic industry. Thus, by using the presented model, strategies can be applied in all stages, from prior to production to consumption, so that this industry can find a basis for growth and development and become a basis for national development.

Probiotics, or useful microorganisms tobtained from beneficial microorganisms, have attracted the attention of the world community, especially the health sector, in recent years. The reason is that probiotic products can help in treating diseases and strengthening the human body without any side effects, unlike drugs which may usually have many side effects. Considering the importance of these products, this study was conducted to find and explain the drivers of probiotic industry development in Iran's food industry.

Data were collected, using the thematic analysis method, on the views of the experts of the probiotic industry in Iran, including experts in nutritional and medical sciences and probiotic producers, concerning the most important driving forces in the development of probiotic industry businesses in Iran. Based on the data the effects of the variables obtained were investigated using the structural equation modeling method with a partial least squares approach.

Analysis of the data showed that the development of probiotics industry was statistically significantly related directly both to macro-environment (coefficients T=3.13, p=0.033<0.05;  95% confidence level) and micro-environment (coefficients of T=2.13, p=0.001<0.05; 95% confidence level).

It can be concluded that the development of the probiotic industry in Iran is influenced by both the macro-environment and the micro-environment. What can provide the basis for the development of this industry in the macro-environment and the micro-environment sectors is the political forces such as governments and the private sector, respectively.

Today; in the field of entrepreneurship, special attention is paid to the category of entrepreneurship in the social ecosystem, which is mentioned as one of the factors that create benefits for society and reduce social harms. The purpose of this research was to design a model of social entrepreneurship ecosystem. The approach was a combined research. The qualitative stage was performed with the Delphi approach and presence of experts- to identify variables of social entrepreneurship ecosystem and entrepreneurship institution of buildings representatives. Quantitative stage of structural equation modeling was used for validation and confirmatory factor analysis. The data collection tool was questionnaire. Validity of that was confirmed by the experts. Reliability of that- 0.779- was determined through Cronbach's alpha. The statistical sample of the qualitative section- 12 experts in the field of "social entrepreneurship ecosystem"- was selected by Snowball method. In the quantitative stage, to obtain a proposed model; the statistical community was unlimited and sample was 384 people- among those who referred to the neighborhoods houses of 22 districts of Tehran Municipality. The finding of three Delphi stages was extraction of research variables - including independent variables of social sustainability, economic sustainability, service quality, environmental sustainability, cultural sustainability from the social entrepreneurship ecosystem; also citizen satisfaction, citizen trust, and citizen cooperation were variables dependent on the entrepreneurship institution of buildings representatives. The results of the quantitative section showed that all the hypotheses were approved. The Entrepreneurship Institution of Buildings Representatives aims to improve the social ecosystem conditions.

Today, business to customer e-commerce systems are the most important business systems in providing services and goods to customers. Startups in these systems need methods to be able to expand their market to respond appropriately to customers. One of the recent innovations to develop services and goods in startups is the use of sharing economy. sharing economy in B2C startups make better use of facilities and resources and helps them to reduce transaction costs and improve productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present a B2C e-commerce model with an emphasis on sharing economy in startups, which was done in combination. The present research is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the method. In the first step, effective factors were identified based on content analysis and interviews with 15 academic experts. The output of this stage was 14 components in 3 dimensions (technology, social and economic). Then, in the second step, the identified dimensions were graded by interpretive structural method and clustered by Mikmak analysis, which was analyzed using Excel software. Interpretive structural results showed that the components are in 10 levels, also Micmac analysis showed that the components (trust- collaboration- product- communication quality- economic factor) in the dependent cluster, components (website usability- availability- obligation- sharing information- information quality) in the link cluster and components (social value- security- infrastructure-customization) are also in the independent cluster.

Innovation and its capabilities, as a vital elixir of organizations, is always a challenge to research. Therefore, this study was conducted to increase our understanding of the process of implementing open innovation, preparations and capabilities of open innovation. The research method of the present study is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study, in the first stage, included experts, specialists and managers of passive defense of the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran and knowledge-based companies in the field of passive defense of the police force. The tools used based on the foundation data method were semi-structured in-depth interviews to reach the saturation limit, which addressed various internal and external aspects of the organization to achieve the executive model of the open innovation process. The second stage was all the employees of these companies and the Passive Defense Command Headquarters of the police force. The statistical sample was based on Cochran's formula, 145 people, and the collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Based on the results, a conceptual model for the implementation of open innovation in passive defense of the law enforcement force of the Islamic Republic of Iran was presented. Management side, networking capabilities for the organization under the support of organizational managers, creating a legal framework, designing appropriate financial mechanisms, having innovative human resources with external networking capabilities and appropriate organizational structure are among the items that are necessary to enter the field of open innovation. To be.

Accountability is what people expect from organizations and it is seen as a tool to control power and get things done better

To investigate the effect of the role of organizational accountability, customer orientation and innovation strategy on marketing information system in service-oriented companies

Present study is practical and has descriptive-correlational nature.data collection tools;Survey analysis was conducted in this study

The results of hypothesis testing showed that the variables of organizational accountability, innovation in products and services of the company and customer orientation have a significant and positive effect on the variable of marketing information system

The significant impact of organizational accountability variable makes executives take responsibility for what they do and the services they provide, ensure the quality of their work, and always seek to improve their functions, missions and work.

 The present research has been carried out with the aim of examining the effect of wisdom management empowerment (organizational ethics and technological structure and infrastructure) and intellectual capital on organizational performance. In other words, this study aims at finding out how determining intellectual capital and wisdom management can be in the domain of organizational performance.

 The current research is a descriptive survey research. The statistical population of this research consists of the staff of this organization, whose number has been considered to be 700. Using Cochran's formula, 248 samples were selected. The data was collected through a standard questionnaire and analyzed using the structural equation model method and LISREL 8 software.

Ethical Considerations:

 In this research, ethical principles were observed, i.e. confidentiality, informed consent and the participants’ right to withdraw from participating in the study throughout the research process.

 The results showed that all the dimensions of wisdom management empowerment (organizational ethics, technological infrastructure and organizational structure) have impacts on organizational performance and that intellectual capital plays a positive role in this regard, too.

 According to the research findings, in order to improve wisdom management (organizational ethics, organizational structure and technological infrastructure), it is suggested to design organizational strategies and plans with high buoyancy in order for the staff to have the opportunity to create knowledge. It is also recommended that the staff be provided with the necessary training regarding the positive behaviors which lead to the creation of knowledge. Finally, it is a good idea to consider certain rewards for the staff as well.

The purpose of this study is to explain a framework for examining the alignment of nanotechnology capabilities with the strategies of the power and energy industry with the approach of considerations and value systems to expand the existing issues and expand the use of this technology in this industry. Today, the power and energy industry is the basic infrastructure in the social, economic, and industrial development of countries and to use a wide range of technologies such as nanotechnology. It is, therefore, important to study and measure the relationship and alignment of capabilities of various technologies and strategies at the level of business units in different industries. The main components of the technology strategy in accordance with corporate strategies in industries and organizations are explained according to the identification and selection of technology, methods to achieve them, and appropriate use of various technologies, but a review of different technology development models shows that these models rarely meet social needs and value considerations. The strategic effects and competitive advantages of nanotechnology in economic, social, production, and environmental dimensions in different parts of the power and energy industry have provoked the use of this technology in this industry, making it important to study this technology in value systems. The methodology of this qualitative research was based on library studies, as well as collecting the opinions of elites and analyzing the themes derived. Using studies and analysis of the opinions of the scientific community in this field, the research finds that to explain the basic indicators for examining the alignment of nanotechnology capabilities and strategies of the power and energy industry, such as measuring compliance with work standards and effective communication between managers and stakeholders and the exchange of opinions, knowledge, and information with the value system approach, it is necessary to establish this category at the corporate levels of the power and energy industry and then at the business and operational levels in the use of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has the potential to be used and exploited in all areas of society, and the power and energy industry, which has a competitive advantage in various fields and with a high strategic impact, is no exception. Therefore, nanotechnology can be included in development plans in this industry due to its efficacy in terms of value in meeting the challenges and needs of the power and energy industry in line with the strategies of this industry.

For this purpose companies seeking to invest more in innovative activities such as R&D projects and to pave the way for future business and competition. Due to R&D management features, achieving the methods that ensure its success is particularly important. The capability of financial management in R&D management of the aerospace industry, considering its cost and time, is one of the important pillars for the success of innovative organizational activities. The present study investigates the factors affecting the capability of financial resources management in R&D management. The research is an applied and descriptive survey method. In this regard, influencing factors on financial management capability based on literature review and opinion of aerospace industry experts were extracted in three general categories and verified questionnaires were distributed to the expert community and the results were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations and Smart-PLS software. The results show that the process, budgeting and financing dimensions as well as the commercialization dimensions have a significant and positive impact on the financial management capability in R&D management. Based on the coefficient of determination and level of impact of factor analysis, legal systems and structures related to investment in R&D projects in the process dimension, international interactions infrastructure, and foreign investment attraction in R&D in funding and financing of R&D projects output and, The successors of imported products in the commercialization dimension have the greatest impact.

The rapid development and extension of science and technology, has inforced the companies to increase their competitive advantage and moving towards new technologies.Organizations should analyze all aspects of technology entry before transferring the technology, which can be done by using a technology assessment model.Combining dynamic capabilities with technology assessment can improve the results of the assessed technology at the corporation level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dynamic capabilities dimensions on technology assessment in SME companies in Iranian automotive supply chain. The statistical population of this research is composed of experts and working managers in 450 vehicle part manufacturer in automotive supply chain. Finally, 200 questionnaires were collected regarding the prioritization of the important factors of dynamic capabilities in the automotive supply chain. Researching Model was examined by using LISREL software, the results of the study showed that the ability to rearrange and acquisitions and learning, had the highest impact with the first rank.

Developing a framework for policy-making and technology strategy based on ethical and social values ​​in the power and energy industry due to the fundamental role of this industry in the development of industrial societies is of particular importance in determining investment priorities, development, and operation of technologies. Considering the attention in the application of nanotechnology in the production, transmission, and distribution of power in the power and energy industry with a competitive advantage and high strategic effect, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the policy-making and strategy of nanotechnology in this industry. The design and development of the model are based on the moral and social value system. In this research, based on the grounded theory of the foundation and interviews with experts and coding in three open, axial, and selective stages, the conceptual model of strategy formulation and policy-making, based on ethical and social values ​​in nanotechnology of power and energy industry according to factors causal and contextual and intervening conditions were presented. In this regard, technology policy-makers, using the models of this research can observe the value gap in the process of research and development or transfer of nanotechnology. Findings show that policy-making and formulation of nanotechnology strategy based on value system can be a different framework for identifying and evaluating the interaction and interaction of nanotechnology with the community in order to increase social welfare and increase awareness of the consequences and social functions of this technology and avoid its problems.

Unlike strategy formulation and monitoring models, which are often general applicable to different industries, strategy implementation models are always a function of the specific characteristics of each firm, so in this study, the researcher seeks to design a native model for one of the bank's functional strategies in the area of financing technological venture capital strategy. The present study is a descriptive study using qualitative-quantitative mixed methods. Using exploratory factor analysis(EFA), the identified factors were prioritized in previous research and then the final relationships were identified using structural equation modeling(SEM) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). In order to investigate the changes of factors and their impact on the effectiveness of the research model, a system dynamics approach was used. Then, by setting up an interview protocol with 12 experts, the effectiveness of the strategy's implementation as a dependent variable was evaluated and analyzed in the synergy sessions by the effect of changes in factors and sub-components in different scenarios. Factors Evaluating venture capital Plans, Business and Operational Characteristics of Investment Plans, Entrepreneurial Factors, and venture capital Subcomponents are important factors and sub-components of the model.

The present qualitative research was conducted with the aim of comparing the electronic monitoring checklist used in Iranian police medical centers with the relevant items in Islamic sources (hadiths, Quran, and narrations) and the compliance of the present checklist with the mentioned items.

In the present qualitative research, first, the electronic monitoring checklist of the police force, which contains 24 items in the field of electronic surveillance (used in medical centers) was examined. Those items that were not found in Islamic sources or were in the opposite, was removed from the checklist. Then, the needs assessment of the remaining items was reviewed by the professors and managers of the police force and the final checklist was prepared. Thirston and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha in SPSS-18 software was used to analyze the validity and reliability of the checklist.

Based on interviews with religious experts and the extraction of Islamic principles corresponding to the items, 19 items remained in the checklist and were sent for a survey of NAJA managers and professors. However, no corresponding principles were found for the 5 items that were classified as items that Islam has been silent on and was later added to the final checklist as items that are needed at different times depending on the needs of the organization. All 19 remaining items were accepted from the perspective of police managers and professors, and the grade of each item was calculated depending on the degree of relevance to the corresponding Islamic principle. The calculation of Cronbachchr('39')s alpha equal to 0.90 also indicated the appropriate reliability of the checklist.

The current findings showed that a large share of the items related to electronic surveillance used in Iranian police medical centers are directly or indirectly rooted in Islamic teachings and a small share of it is commensurate with the needs of the organization at a time when Islam it is silent.

Today, healthcare organizations worldwide are aware of the significance of technology and its impact on the quality of care. Hospitals are one of the most crucial systems in which the utilization of information is particularly important for several reasons. Using discrete-event simulation and developing a recommender agent, this study aimed to allocate IoT devices to patients in such a way as to minimize the number of medical errors and the length of treatment.

To carry out this research, first, the current condition of the medical care system was modeled using discrete-event simulation. Then, the scenario of introducing IoT into the model was simulated. Finally, using agent-based modeling, the recommender agent was developed to optimize the allocation of IoT devices to the patients.

Implementing recommender agent in the simulation model indicated that using IoT and recommender agent in medical processes leads to reducing medical errors and length of treatment.

Utilizing the IoT in medical processes reduces errors, although the extent of its effectiveness varies at different stages of treating various diseases. Since some disease-specific IoT devices overlap in their functions, and given the limited number of these devices in hospitals, it is recommended that a recommender agent be used to ensure maximum effectiveness. Recommender agents make informed decisions as to how IoT devices can be efficiently allocated to patients at each stage of their treatment.

This research has been conducted in the field of entrepreneurship studies in resistive economics with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the components of resistive economics for entrepreneurship. This study is applied and methodologically mixed. In the qualitative phase, the data collection tools were qualitative and in-depth interviews with experts. The statistical population consisted of Entrepreneurship Experts and Resistance Economics with a sample size of 25 individuals, selected through purposive sampling to reach the theoretical saturation point. The findings were analyzed using the basic data theory approach with the classical approach. In the quantitative phase, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical sample of the study was 384 entrepreneurs and economic activists of Iran. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and SPSS and Smart PLS softwares. The results showed that the components of Resistance Economics for Entrepreneurship in this economy include five priority components: 1. Entrepreneurial economy with 0.834 impact intensity, 2. Knowledge economy with 0.789 impact intensity, 3. Extraversion with intensity Impact 0.758, 4. Active private sector with impact intensity 0.749, 5. Endogeny with an impact intensity of 0.736%. This research, while contributing to the development of entrepreneurial literature in the resisting economy, can be useful and applicable to the country's scientific, executive and entrepreneurial community and provide significant guidance and implications for macroeconomic policymakers and entrepreneurs for entrepreneurship in the resistive economy.

Nowadays, one of the most important issues that projects-based companies need in order to better manage project portfolios and financial planning is managing project costs. In project cost management, using a set of techniques and principles for project and financial control, it is possible to examine the financial performance of each project in terms of its actual operating cost (actual cost) compared to the estimated cost for the work performed and the corrective solutions to reduce costs And put it under control.
Since reducing the duration of activities by allocating more resources to each activity is possible but requires higher costs for the implementation of those activities, it should be noted that the hasty pursuit of activities can lead to a decrease in its quality level Therefore, in the process of compressing the time of activities, in addition to the cost index, the activity quality index should also be considered. In this paper, a mathematical model for project cost management based on the critical path method approach is presented. Considering a specific figure under the project budget ceiling, two goals are to minimize the total cost of the project (the classical model) and aim to maximize the quality of the activities, simultaneously.

With the discovery of the field of nanotechnology in the last two decades, there has been a tremendous field of entrepreneurship development, including technological entrepreneurship. The existence of very large markets and the interconnection of research and scientific fields has led to a lot of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, the study of factors affecting the discovery of technological entrepreneurship opportunities can be of great importance. Because these factors can be strengthened, they have expanded the field for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. A review of studies has shown that such a model has not been studied in internal and external research. Therefore, the present study investigates the phenomenon of discovering technological opportunities for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. For this purpose, the present paper studies the basic views on the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and the evolution of its theories. Then, 11 knowledge based companies in the field of nanotechnology were investigated. The analysis technique in this research is grounded in theory and the data collected from the interviews were taken in three stages and finally the final model was presented.