فهرست مطالب نظام الدین اشرفی زاده

Today, The industry looking for A new solutions to optimize energy. Industries release a large amount of water vapor into the atmosphere through gas stacks. The flue gas can be a potential source for obtaining much needed cooling water for industries. In this paper, numerical study to investigate the mass and heat transfer by condensing vapors by condensation waste heat recovery and water from the membrane to the flue gas is used, has been. The tube wall is made of a specially designed porous material which is capable to extract condensate liquid from the flue gas. Ceramic membrane capture water via capillary condensation, Recover, and reuse the sensible and latent waste heat. Comparison among the model findings with experimental data showed the validity and precision of the model with a deviation of less than 6%. The results indicated that Membrane condenser exchanger heat and mass transfer coefficients, respectively, 70 and 55 percent greater than the heat exchanger can be.

Chemical fertilizers provide one of the vital requirements to the plants. Shortage of some necessary elements such as nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulfur and other elements in the soil can be compensated through the application of chemical fertilizers. Raw materials for the production of chemical fertilizers is mainly natural gas and some minerals which fortunately are highly abundance in Iran. Presence of various natural resources as well as the relatively non-expensive energy costs in Iran, has provided a great potential for the development of fertilizer industries. In order to identify the capacity of the national and regional consumption markets, it is necessary to refer to the supply and demand statistics in the regional countries.In this study, it has been attempted to introduce the various types of chemical fertilizers and review the statistics on their national supply and demand. Such a study, through identification of potentials in domestic and regional markets, might facilitate the investment in this sector of chemical industries as well as boosting the job opportunities for young educated engineers.

Potato starch (pregelatinized form) has been known as a suitable component in the formulation of water-based drilling fluids. Starch has an important role in the properties of drilling fluid including fluid loss control, improvement of rheological properties, stability of shale layers, enhancement of oil recovery, and decreasing the drag forces. However from the operational point of view, one can extract starch from various plants, it is only from potato which shows feasible. On the other hand, production of starch is always accompanied with by products. In this regards, separation of protein from potato has an important role in the economic balance of the whole process. In this study, after the examination of starch production processes, modern equipments in the separation of protein from starch are introduced. Concerning the starch extraction, while a minimum value of 95% is reached, in the modern potato starch plants, an optimum engineering may gives recovery rates of 97 to 98%. In the starch refining process, three-phase nozzle separators equipped with water supplies allow to achieve a purified starch. The study presented in this article also addresses the required characteristics of natural starch as well as its pregelatinized derivative in the well drilling industry.

In the present article, the discipline of biotechnology is introduced and the history of biotechnology within the scientific world is briefly reviewed. The subject of interactions of this multidisciplinary technology with the other branches of sciences and engineering is another point of interest, which is well outlined. The role of chemical engineering in this novel technology is discussed and the application of biological methods in the development of various chemical processes is reviewed. Findlly, several Iranian institutions, active in the area of biotechnology, are introduced.