نعمت الله عزیزی

Performance evaluation is one of the fundamental topics in human resource management and plays a key role in improving quality, increasing efficiency, and enhancing organizational accountability. The purpose of this study was to design a performance evaluation model for managers of Applied Scientific Education Centers in the western region of the country.

This research was of the type of developmental research in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of the type of data collection, and was of the type of grounded theory. The research field included heads, deputies, and experts of various departments of applied science centers and other related staff departments of the Comprehensive University of Applied Sciences of the western provincial branches of the country, and the participants of the qualitative section included 12 heads and deputies of applied science centers in the western provinces of Kurdistan, Hamadan, Kermanshah, and Ilam. The tool used for data collection was a semi-structured interview. Contextual analysis and content validity were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that in the presented model, the performance evaluation of the heads of applied science education centers included causal conditions (weakness in meritocracy, inadequacy in the existing evaluation system, pressure to improve quality), contextual conditions included (dominant organizational culture, resource limitations, structure of a comprehensive applied science university), intervening conditions included (macro government policies, personality traits of managers, degree of independence of centers), strategies included (designing a local evaluation system, empowering managers, strengthening monitoring and feedback), outcomes included (short-term outcomes: improving the performance of centers, medium-term outcomes: improving the quality of education, long-term outcomes: sustainable regional development), and a central phenomenon named integrated and development-oriented performance evaluation.

Conclusions and suggestions: 

This model can be used to evaluate the performance of education managers of applied science centers.

Innovation and originality: 

This article presents a practical and native framework for improving managerial performance and sustainable regional development

The purpose of the research is to identify dimensions, bases, consequences and solutions to reduce political behavior in Iran's higher education budgeting. The research is of the qualitative research type and its strategy is the foundational data theory. The research community is all the experts who had educational and research records in the field of study and10of them were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and then the text of the interviews was coded and analyzed based on content analysis. Data analysis in the political behavior section led to the emergence of five categories: behavioral; structural; Individual, group, organizational and nature results. In the section related to the emergence of new platforms, ten categories: characteristics of higher education; the atmosphere of the country; characteristics of Iranian universities; people; priorities; interests; legal weakness; The budgeting approach led to the limitation of financial resources and parties. Also; In the consequences section, twelve categories: positive effect; Bargaining and political work; expert and technical logic; Disillusionment of elites and scientists; sense of injustice; unfair distribution of equipment, resources and facilities; promoting a certain type of higher education; efficiency and effectiveness; political tendencies and attitudes; healthy competition; Personal benefits and higher education were obtained. The findings showed that the interviewees had a comprehensive understanding of the political behavior in the country's higher education budgeting and did not suffer from the one-sidedness found in previous researches. In the end, suggestions to reduce the incidence of political behavior in Iran's higher education budgeting have been presented.

Universities and higher education institutions are among the most influential social organizations that significantly contribute to the development and dissemination of social norms. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the current status and desirable characteristics of academic leadership and social responsibility. The present study is applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-survey in terms of its research method. Data were collected using a questionnaire to assess responsibility and leadership styles used in the university environment. The statistical population included the presidents of state universities and medical sciences universities in five provinces: Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Hamadan, Ilam, and West Azerbaijan in the year 1401-1402. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of the present study showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the desirable situation and the mean of the current situation of dimensions of academic leadership. Additionally, in relation to each of the dimensions of academic leadership, the difference between the mean of the desirable and the current situation was significant. These dimensions included the learning organization, constructive feedback, quality-orientedness, charismatic leadership, flexible leadership, justice-centeredness, participatory management, supervision and control, professional guidance, encouragement, worthy governance, organizational independence, human orientation, human resource development, and organizational commitment. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the mean of the desirable situation and the mean of the current situation of dimensions of social responsibility. In relation to each of the dimensions of social responsibility,

Today, the discussion of language is framed within the broader context of culture. Contrary to the prevailing view among some Iranians, who link language to territorial integrity and political struggles, language is increasingly recognized as part of multicultural education. This qualitative study, using a phenomenological approach, explores the experiences of teachers regarding the exclusive use of Persian in schools in Iran. The research was conducted in Sanandaj, with 15 teachers (8 men and 7 women) from elementary to high school levels invited to participate. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the framework of Braun and Clarke. While teachers emphasized the importance of the mother tongue in fostering cultural identity, a sense of belonging, and communication skills, they also highlighted concerns about the Iranian education system’s monolingual (Persian) policy. Teachers noted that the system's educational centralization, cultural assimilation, and disregard for minority language rights undermine these aspects. The consequences of this policy include identity crises, heightened cultural duality, and hindered learning. In response, teachers suggested several reforms, such as eliminating political approaches to mother tongue education, institutionalizing culturally responsive pedagogy, and promoting an ideologically neutral educational framework. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating the needs of linguistic minorities into curriculum planning for policymakers.

The purpose of this study was to determine the fit of the conceptual model of organizational happiness based on perceived organizational and social support with the mediating role of teachers' quality of work life with the data.

The method of the present research design is correlational and is part of applied research. The statistical population consisted of 640 elementary school teachers of Dehlran city, 240 of whom were selected based on Morgan's table by available sampling method. The instrument used are Watson's organizational happiness (1985); Perceived organizational support Eisenberger et al. (1986); Perceived social support was by Zimmet et al. (1988) and quality of work life by Walton (1973) questionnaires.

The results of data analysis using the structural equation modeling showed that the fit indices of the proposed model were confirmed.The results showed that perceived social support have a positive and significant effect on organizational happiness. The effect of organizational support on the quality of work life was significant. Also, the effect of quality of work life on organizational happiness was positive and significant. The indirect effects of perceived organizational and social support on organizational happiness with the mediating role of quality of work life were positive and significant.

According to the obtained results, it is suggested that the education authorities, by increasing organizational and social support and raising the level of well-being and quality of work life of teachers, should strive for their organizational happiness so that teachers can also help the organization in obtaining better results.

This article aims to present a theory of foundation data regarding the role of counseling and psychological services in empowering women in universities in a systematic way. Therefore, the data was collected from a semi-structured interview with 22 people selected in a purposeful and criterion manner from among the members of the university community during six months at Kurdistan University in Sanandaj city. The data were analyzed using a new method and continuous comparative analysis through three-step theoretical coding. In this research, it was first revealed that empowerment is a process, not a product, and if all the people involved in the empowerment process at the university do not have a correct understanding of the requirements and methods of women's empowerment, counseling, and psychological service programs cannot be effective and ultimately, it is probably the women themselves who determine the success of these efforts. As much as empowerment is important in the university, it is also important to create a positive organizational atmosphere and a supportive culture of empowerment in which empowerment originates spontaneously from female students, employees, and managers. Second, the establishment of empowerment strengthens the turn towards the independence of universities and the perception of higher education centers as unique entities with a specific culture. Thirdly, the importance of context and situation in the implementation of empowerment and the necessity of avoiding patterns unrelated to cultural contexts were emphasized, and finally, university administrators should be personally committed to empowering women.

The narrative experiences of international students from foreign universities have addressed a vital aspect of their studies in international environments. These experiences play an important role in cultural exchange and the promotion of higher education. In addition to raising awareness about the challenges and opportunities presented by a new culture, the academic experiences of international students at foreign universities have been proposed as a crucial step toward internationalizing education. Studying at foreign universities exposes students to a variety of educational environments and provides them with diverse learning approaches, ideologies, and perspectives. This experience not only helps promote individuals' educational and research skills but also has a deeper and broader impact on the cultural and social development of students. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the experiences of foreign students at Kurdistan University. According to the latest 2021-22 results from the USA News Institute, Kurdistan University achieved a ranking of 13th among the country's comprehensive universities and 1434th among the world's leading scientific institutions. The main objective of this study is to understand the meaning of studying and the application methods used by foreign students at the university. As sub-stories, this survey examines in detail the life and educational experiences of students and attempts to understand the different dimensions of education at Kurdistan University from the perspective of students' daily personal lives. Using a narratology approach, this study examined the life experiences of 14 participants selected through Malachi's sampling technique from the foreign student population. To select individuals for this study, criteria such as at least two years of prior study at Kurdistan University were considered, along with experiences and memories to express during their periods studying abroad. To collect data, a narrative interview charter was used in an episodic manner. This type of interview is designed to evoke and retrieve participants' past experiences in the form of short narratives, presented during dialogue. Then, analysis and coding of the interview transcripts were done using the three-step theoretical coding method (open, axial, and selective). The present study also examined the experiences of 14 foreign students at Kurdistan University. Text analysis of the interviews was carried out, resulting in 208 open codes, 34 axial codes, and 10 selective codes. These codes included personal growth, personal skills development, job opportunities, travel and discovery, optimism about studying abroad, collectivization of the academic process, communication barriers, cultural shocks, and challenges to academic reputation. From the participants' experiences, it became clear that foreign students tend to categorize their experiences as either pleasant or unpleasant. Some believe that studying abroad is an unparalleled experience that, in addition to benefiting society and their home country, allows students to foster individual development, explore the new world, develop personal skills, and improve job opportunities. This experience plays an important role in personal growth, improving social and economic conditions, and transforming worldviews across different student societies. The positive economic and social impacts of this experience indicate an investment in the future of students. Promoting individual skills and increasing the knowledge level of these students will not only have personal effects but will also help improve social and economic conditions. Considering the increasing importance of international student recruitment, it is essential to give special attention to the issue of sociocultural integration. In interviews with international students, there are clearly some problems in their connections with Iranian students, faculty, and staff. These relationships are influenced by various cultural factors such as values, traditions, habits, and beliefs. Cultural shock is a fundamental element in this process, arising from differences in values and traditions between the societies of origin and destination. This shock plays an important role in people's interactions with a variety of factors such as climate, language, social roles, behavioral rules, and communicative tensions. In the face of the challenges of cultural adaptation, it is important for the academic community to provide support and facilitation. Positive actions and support from Iranians and the people of Kurdistan toward international students can lead to the creation of dialogue and discussion panels among university community members. These panels not only help to improve the integration process but also help to address issues associated with cultural shock. Another finding indicated that the majority of the international students interviewed expressed considerable dissatisfaction with the attitudes and administrative procedures of the organization. With the increasing importance of attracting foreign students as a national priority and the potential negative effects of any administrative barriers on the future of higher education in the country, it seems necessary for the authorities to provide justification on various aspects of this sensitive subject. It is also recommended to conduct special training courses to improve the communication and cognitive skills of officers. On the other hand, if foreign students' academic institutions are introduced to social regulations, civil laws, and civil rights laws in Iran, these should be seriously considered by the relevant organizations and institutions, including municipalities, immigration police, passport administration offices, and ministries of foreign affairs. In some cases, sufficient information about the details of amenities such as dormitories, hostels, student buses, etc. was not provided to international students before they entered the university. This has led to discontent among some students. These students, on the other hand, face considerable challenges and barriers in accessing information and communication technology, all of which relate to the externally-organized problems of Kurdistan University. It should be noted that from the viewpoint of the interviewees, the educational activities of the Persian Language Teaching Center, the abilities of non-Persian speaking faculty, play an important role in conveying a positive image of the university before international students' admission. Additionally, the warm reception of foreign students by people in the region has increased their satisfaction with being present in Kurdistan province. On the other hand, the professional and friendly behavior of many professors and employees at the University of Kurdistan has created a positive impression of the university. Cultural similarities between the people of Sanandaj and a number of neighboring countries have also led to a sense of rapport among the students. Given the increasing population of international students and the growing competition among countries to attract these students, the authorities of higher education in Iran must pay special attention to providing adequate conditions for the sociocultural integration and residency of international students. This is because international students can serve as sources of future skilled labor.

Education is a process that is influenced by various factors in this process. The instructor (professor), educable (student), official organization, rules governing education, and teaching methods are important and effective components in education. Therefore, it can be said that any progress derives from the efficient and correct educational system of societies, and this depends on a number of factors, including changing teaching practices and patterns and planning to use new and active methods. Research has shown that the most important variable in the success of learners is the quality of the educator. Because the professor has a great impact on the teaching-learning process with all his personality, scientific and educational indicators. Increasing global demand for higher education on the one hand and paradigm changes in the health, economic and technology fields and the emergence of macro tendencies on the other hand has distance education from its traditional and ordinary form and has made it a coercion from choice. Distance education is the newest form of training that In addition to using comprehensive-based methods of electronic tools or web -based training programs. Therefore, the efficient and correct educational system depends on several factors. Research has shown that the most important variable in the success of learners is the quality of the educators' work. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the views of experts on the factors affecting the quality of teaching in the faculty members the distance education. Therefore, unlike previous research, it was attempted to address the issue with a new approach and to use a paradigm model of effective factors in improving the quality of teaching in the faculty members of distanced education system. Therefore, given the limitations mentioned in previous studies, the present study,

The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities based on organizational intelligence and knowledge creation with a mediating role of knowledge sharing. The present research method was correlational and part of applied research with a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the study included all the education workers of Ilam city, 200 of whom were selected based on Morgan's Table by simple random sampling. The tools used in the research were Albrecht's Organizational Intelligence Questionnaire (2003), Sankoska's Knowledge Creation Questionnaire (2013), Kim and Lee's Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire (2013), and Pohaka's Entrepreneurial Opportunities Questionnaire (2011). In order to analyze the data, PLS smart software was used. The results indicated that there was a positive and significant correlation between organizational intelligence and knowledge creation with knowledge entrepreneurial opportunities. In addition, there was a positive and significant correlation between organizational intelligence and knowledge creation with knowledge sharing. The results obtained from the indirect effects of organizational intelligence and knowledge creation with the mediating role of knowledge sharing was based on the recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities. In general, it was concluded that the conceptual model of the research fits with the experimental model and the path coefficient between the variables was significant. According to the results, it is recommended that the managers of the organization pay particular attention to supporting knowledge-based activities and organizational intelligence.

The purpose of this study was to develope a Causal Model of science performance based on epistemological beliefs with the mediating role of motivation and attitude to learning science. The method of the research was a descriptive correlational and structural equation model.  The statistical population of study includes all students of middle schools in Malekshahi. Using cluster random sampling method, the sample size of 230 people was selected. The research instruments were questionnaires of epistemological beliefs, motivation to learn science and attitude to learning science. The results of data analysis using Pearson correlation statistical tests and structural equations showed that epistemological beliefs, motivation to learn science and attitude to learning science have a positive and significant effect on students' science performance.  Epistemological beliefs also have a positive and significant effect on motivation and attitude toward learning science. Finally, epistemological beliefs have a positive and significant indirect effect on science performance with the mediating role of motivation and attitude to learning science. In general, it is concluded that the conceptual model of science performance based on epistemological beliefs with the mediating role of motivation and attitude to learning science fits with the experimental model.

The purpose of research was to compare the characteristics of teacher education system with an emphasis on the policy making process and admission procedures in Finland, England, Japan and Iran. The research method was a qualitatively comparative approach using four-stage regional model of Bereday. Scientific documents and reports related to the teacher education system in the four selected countries were used to collect data. The findings showed that, in terms of policy frameworks, the teacher education system in Iran, unlike the other three countries, follows a centralized structure that originates from ideological thought. The structural and administrative concentration and vital role of supranational institutions in the policy-making and decision-making processes have caused the teacher education system in Iran to lack institutional independence and academic freedom. Contrary to England and Finland, in Iran and Japan, obtaining legal obligations from student-teachers is considered an important precondition for continued work in the educational system. Also, the results reveal the similarity of Iran's teacher education system with England, Finland and Japan regarding the necessity of participation of candidates in a national exam, while in terms of educational qualifications and degree of discretion and freedom of action of universities in the admission process, there is a difference between Iran and other countries.

One of the components of measuring the productivity, quality and effectiveness of the higher education system is to cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit of students in any university. One of the most important influential variables in this component is critical thinking and tendencies and thinking styles. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to investigate the relationship between critical tendencies in cultivating students' entrepreneurial spirit. The statistical population of the study included students of Kurdistan University who were selected as a sample using stratified random sampling method. The California Critical Attitudes Questionnaire (CCTDI) and the Entrepreneurial Mood Questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of this study showed that the average of entrepreneurship components among students of Kurdistan University is above average and also there is a high correlation (85%) between critical tendencies and entrepreneurial spirit. The results of this study confirm that those who have a high level of critical tendencies and truth-seeking, open-mindedness (intellectual), analytical, intellectual systematization, selfconfidence, curiosity and cognitive maturity in them. They are at a high level, have a higher entrepreneurial spirit, and are more likely to do new and original work.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership and faculty members’ effectiveness through the organizational culture. The approach of this study was quantitative and with a correlation method. The statistical population of this study consisted of 350 faculty members of the University of Kurdistan and 193 individuals were selected through simple random sampling method. Data collection tools comprised of Denison's organizational culture questionnaire, Hoy's effectiveness questionnaire and Bass and Avolio's transformational questionnaire. For data analysis, structural equation model in SPSS22 and LISEREL 8 software was used. The results showed that the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership style and organizational culture was significant. Furthermore, the organizational culture as a mediator variable had a significant effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and effectiveness of its faculty members. Transformational leadership in the final research model did not have a direct and significant effect on effectiveness of faculty members. But transformational leadership, through organizational culture, impacted the effectiveness of faculty members.

The aim of the present study is identifying the contextual components of design and development of entrepreneurial branding of Iranian industrial universities. So that, the present research seeks to take advantage of the postmodern paradigm and considering the approach of university entrepreneurial branding, by conducting interviews with professors of industrial universities in the country, extracting the most important categories of university entrepreneurial branding design and development and finally, based on the findings, proceed to provide a suitable framework for entrepreneurial branding of industrial universities.

For this purpose, the method of phenomenological qualitative research was used. The research community was industrial universities experts. Based on the research method, using purposive sampling method and including 32 industrial universities experts were selected. The data collection process was performed using a semi-structured interview. To determine the validity of the interviews, two methods of member checks and peer review were used. To analyze the data, the data encoding technique of open and axial coding levels was used.

Findings indicate that the four main components of “design and development missions”, “products and services”, “human resources” and “development of university capabilities” are the most important components of the design and development of entrepreneurial branding of the university. In the following, several pivotal components are presented for each of the main components. In such a way that for the main component of the missions key components of “education”, “research”, “scientific policy” and “internationalization”; for the main component of products and services pivotal components of “student” and “university products and services”; for the main component of human resources core components of “staff” and “faculty” and for the main component of capacity development core components of “finance”, “marketing” and “infrastructure” are suggested. Finally, for each of the pivotal components, the university's entrepreneurial branding design and development strategies are presented. Finally, for each of the core components, strategies for the design and development of entrepreneurial branding of the university are presented.

Based on this, it is generally suggested that industrial universities form a committee consisting of experts and professionals in the field of branding, in order to identify and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the unique value of the university brand and make principled and logical planning, to make the best possible use of opportunities in order to lead to the improvement of the university brand. It should also be kept in mind that branding is a complex and multifaceted work that must be done with due care, necessary time investment, necessary financial allocation and detailed planning.

This research has a dual purpose. First, the investigation of the current situation of paying attention to the components related to subcultures in the two elements of goals and content of the Iranian curriculum, and secondly, the design and validation of the model based on the perspective of the curriculum experts, in which it becomes the desired situation. experiences and opinions of experts in the field of multicultural education, the phenomenological method was used. The research community included all the specialists in the field of multicultural education curriculum in universities, and in order to sample them, the purposeful sampling method based on snowball was used. Also, to collect information in the first question, the method of analyzing and reviewing related books was used, and in the second and fourth questions, the interview approach was used. In the findings section, the results obtained in the first question showed that attention to ethnic groups and cultures has the lowest place in the curriculum of the first year of secondary school. In the second question, all academic experts and professors acknowledged the importance of paying attention to subcultures in the curriculum. they expressed their views regarding the inclusion of educational goals, topics and content of the curriculum based on Iranian ethnicities and cultures as two elements of the program. They expressed a lesson, and based on their views, a model was designed for more attention and precision to this matter, which was recognized from the point of view of reliable experts.

The purpose of higher education is viewed as a factor in the implementation of economic, social and cultural development programs. The changes, complexities and dynamics that have occurred in the economic, political and social systems in the current era have caused organizations to turn to new methods and solutions for their administration. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explain the opinions of experts about the effective dimensions of distance education institutions as teaching organizations.

Qualitative method of grounded theory strategy was used. The participants in this research were 15 distance education experts who were selected based on purposeful sampling based on selection criteria. Then, they were interviewed and the resulting data were analyzed using three-stage open, central and selective coding method. In order to ensure validity and reliability principles, two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participating experts were used in the research.

The findings indicate the main effective dimensions and components in the functions of distance education institutions as teaching organizations can be categorized in five core categories and 20 subcategories and 54 formulation components based on which the final conceptual model was presented.

The results show that the lack of policy, the lack of appropriate organizational structure and the existence of educational challenges, along with technical, human, cultural-value, economic and administrative factors as well as the individual characteristics of the manager, support and evaluation system, affect the central phenomenon as a learning organization. The results show that the lack of policy, the lack of appropriate organizational structure and the existence of educational challenges, along with technical, human, cultural-value, economic and administrative factors as well as the individual characteristics of the manager, support and evaluation system, have affected the central phenomenon as a learning organization.

The purpose of this study was to identify, analyze and prioritize indicators affecting the quality of distance education: the case of Payame Noor University. In terms of purpose, this research is an applied research that was conducted with a mixed exploratory approach (qualitative and quantitative). The participants of this study in the qualitative section were 15 professors and graduates of distance education who were purposefully selected and interviewed. In the quantitative part of the study, the target statistical population (managers, planners and experts of the central organization of Payame Noor University) were 215 of them selected by available sampling and asked to complete the research questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of 52 indicators whose content validity was evaluated and confirmed based on experts' opinions and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. To analyze the data of the qualitative part, open and axial coding were used and to analyze the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire, in addition to the central tendency indicators, confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results of this study showed that the comprehensive model of quality in the distance education system has 7 dimensions of Teaching Organization; Teacher; Learner; Fundamentals of Pedagogy, Theory and Generations of Technology; Educational Materials and Content; Teaching methods and approaches; And the time and place of education is related to 52 indicators that based on them, strategies have been proposed to improve the educational quality of the distance education system

The present study, as a qualitative study, tries to examine the scope and radius of the influence of academic capitalism in the higher education system of the country by analyzing the superior documents. For this purpose, using qualitative content analysis method and using inductive approach, the textual content of higher education upstream documents as communication strategies was analyzed and the concepts were extracted in the form of open and Axial codes. The results of content analysis of six selected higher education documents and mandatory statements for universities, which are indicative of academic capitalism, were extracted and categorized into twelve main concepts. These concepts include commercialization, commodification, globalization, customer-orientation, Privatization, transparency and accountability, competitiveness and quantification, new public management, internationalization, changing university funding policies, and designing interstitial organizations.  By taking attention to paradigm shifts stemming from the knowledge-based economy These findings show that although today market-based reforms in higher education exist throughout the world, But what is currently evolving in the Iranian higher education system is the privatization and commercialization of higher education, which, as a faint copy of the logic of neoliberalism, justifies the view of the profitability of knowledge and academia. Such market-oriented reforms are not only in complete contrast with the principles of religious value in an Islamic society, but even by neglecting some of the considerations of the Iranian-Islamic model in the management of the country's academic institutions, due to the lack of appropriate hardware and software conditions and  absence of various infrastructures, it is not compatible with the educational goals of the country.

Identifying the components of teaching at the Brand University is considered to be one of the most important and basic missions of the Brand University. The purpose of this study was to identify the components of teaching in branded universities. For this purpose, qualitative phenomenological research method was used. Based on the above method, purposeful sampling and data gathering were done using semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed at open and axial coding levels. The research sample was selected by sampling method and included 32 experts in Sharif University of Technology. According to the analysis of the interview findings, nine main categories or strategies have been proposed as the most important components of teaching at Brand University. Curriculum content development strategies, streamlining university curriculum, streamlining university evaluation system, and human resource planning for university professors as key components and policy-making strategies, strengthening the education management system, adopting a future-oriented approach, entrepreneurship development, developing free education programs, and designing and developing information infrastructure are considered as supporting dimensions of teaching at Brand University. In addition, these components each consist of multiple categories and subcategories and have a specific definition appropriate to the participants' expressions. Therefore, it is necessary for university administrators to consider appropriate planning for the design and development of teaching components at the brand university.

approach is a way of looking at teaching and learning. Underlying any teching approach is a theoretical view of nature of education and how to learn in diverse educational envirement. An approach gives rise to methods that shape classroom activites and techniques to aid learning. In service teacher education is to a promote the continuous professional development by providing planned efforts to promote the professional growth and development of teachers.  This paper aims to compare the characteristics of the teacher education system with emphasis on educational approaches and in- service teacher training in Finland, the United Kingdom, Japan and Iran. The method is comparative research with qualitative approach. Existing scientific documents as well as the results of published reports on the teacher education system in the four countries were used to collect data. The results showed that training and internship course there is in Iran and Finland, England, japan. Educational approaches in Finland, England, japan are diverse, research- oriented and Scientific and technological discourses, and social changes, but in Iran is Traditional education – oriented. The purpose of in-service training for teachers in Finland, England, japan are real needs of teachers and Individual and organizational priorities, but in Iran is more religious issues.

In recent years, higher education has faced three major paradigm shifts: "Development of lifelong learning", "Democratization of knowledge" and "Development of the global knowledge community".  This study aims to design and validate a evaluating mechanism for the pedagogical elements and dimensions in sustainable teaching-learning processes in both public and private academic institutions.

This is an explanatory mixed method research design that has been done sequentially in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, data was collected via semi-structured interviews. Participants including 17 experts and higher education specialists who were selected by purposive sampling method. In this section, inductive content analysis method was applied for data analysis and findings was validated by participants and colleagues. The model of  the quantitative section was descriptive-survey. For this 322 faculty members  in public and private universities were selected based on the Cochran's estimation for formulating sample size. A researcher- made questionnaire including 3 subscales was used for data collection respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software.

The results of data analysis in the coding process led to the identification of 75 open codes, which were finally classified into 22 core categories and 3 selected codes (students, curriculum, professors).  In quantitative part, findings showed that it is sufficiently and appropriately could identify the components of sustainable pedagogy. The findings also showed that the current status of relevant indicators in public universities (2.99) is significantly higher than private universities (2.88) (p <0.05: t = 4.11).

According to the results of the study, it can be expressed, universities should move towards sustainability in order to maintain their stability in the current situation. Accordingly, one of the main indicators of a sustainable university is sustainable pedagogy, which has a sustainable strategy and a multifaceted view of the curriculum  and emphasizes on nurturing creative and intelligent students and up-to-date professors, and an academic identity that always seeks to strengthen the identity of professional citizens who could help a stable and pioneering society. Therefore, the findings of this study can be used in order to enrich the teaching-learning processes as much as possible.

This paper aims to compare ongoing mechanisms, processes, and policies for improving the relationship between university and industry in Iran and Sweden. As methodology, a qualitative-comparative study was applied. The data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Participants included 23 key Iranian and Swedish informants representing both universities and industries in the two countries that were selected purposefully using snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interview was applied for collecting data and analyzed based on coding method. Compared relevant policies and practices indicated that Iran and Sweden are applying two rather different models for bridging the gap between their universities and industries. Despite this, the variety of interactions between these systems in both countries can be considered as their similarities. The findings also indicate that despite the reported needs for close collaborations between the universities and industries in Iran, current policies and practices, including training, laboratory application, and financial support, needs to be revised critically. Additionally, in light of our findings on the Swedish policies and practices for connecting universities and industries, some practical strategies have been suggested towards improving the universities’ relations with industries in Iran.

The purpose of this study research is to study the development of higher education with emphasis of the polytechnic approach. The method presented here is of historical analysis. The findings of this research reveal various factors are in effect in university development, factors including cultural, political, economical  and social, national and international.  Among the challenges of the development of poly is the lack of communication or the need for between universities and the industry. This research concludes that polytechnic university development will lead to a much needed progress at the country industry. The training of the Special Forces will pave the way for better prepared individuals who can lead market at the top level in the country.

Universities and industry in the world today are important factors in the development of any society. Therefore, the relationship between these two institutions is something that has been increasingly considered by policymakers and planners of countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between university and industry. For this purpose, using the method of grounded theory, this issue was investigated. The tools used in the research were in-depth interviews. Participants in the study included 12 managers of the departments of university relations, research and development and education in industry and managers of departments of industry relations and professors, students who had collaborated with industry in the university in the form of theoretical examples, purposefully and were selected and interviewed by snowball sampling method. In order to analyze the data, coding and categorization methods were used. The results of this study showed that despite many efforts to improve the relationship between academia and industry, however, the relationship between these two institutions in the country is not effective and efficient enough. Finally, a model for improving the relationship between academia and industry in the country is presented.

Research synthesis of branding factors and criteria for higher education is the main aim of this study. The study is applicable in terms of purpose; research approach is qualitative of research synthesis type and the strategy is used based on the meta- synthesis of the theoretical frameworks and previous related research. The research community includes all countries whose branding information on higher education is available. The research sample includes 160 research abroad and 29 researches at the national level. For analyzing process of the synthesis data, the coding method was used for inductive content analysis. Accordingly, after examining the issue of branding in universities and higher education institutions, the most important branding factors and criteria were identified and selected from the research. In the next stage, based on theoretical foundations and research background, all the factors presented in the field of branding of higher education have been placed in the concepts and categories of the Lencastre & Côrete-Real branding approach. The Lencastre & Côrete-Real branding model has three concepts of identity, goal, and response, each of which contains three categories:  core, real and value added. Accordingly, research findings show that university branding is done in the form of two stages of brand equity creation planning (concepts of identity and purpose) and measuring brand equity (response concept). The brand equity planning phase includes the variables of naming, location, logo, educational missions, research, policy-making, internationalization, finance and infrastructure, personnel and personnel affairs, products and services, students, marketing and graduates. In the following, research has proposed strategies for each of these variables. Also, the findings of the university brand equity assessment stage include two parts, external and internal. The most important strategies for measuring external brand value include university academic reputation, university reputation, students' feelings and affection towards the university, brand loyalty and brand awareness, and the most important strategies for measuring internal brand value including graduate affairs, student services, student empowerment, infrastructure and The financial dimension of the university. In the following, the most important indicators for measuring the special value of the university brand in both internal and external dimensions are presented. In the following, the most important indicators for measuring the special value of the university brand in both internal and external dimensions are presented. Successful and effective implementation of the higher education brandingrequires adequate infrastructures, preparedness at the levels of knowledge, skill and attitude among students and professors as well as appropriate designing of educational programs based on meticulous needs assessments in the target population.