نفیسه ایرانی

Ruznāme/ruznāma is a Persian word that entered the Arabic language from Pahlavi ruznāmag in ancient times and was used in texts in that language as Al-Ruznamaj and Al-Ruznāmajah. In Persian, the varieties of Roznāmaj, Ruznāmje, and Ruznāmcheh were also common and had many examples.

Method and Research: 

The research method in this article is description and through content analysis and the method of collecting sources in this library research. The "daftar-e ruznāme" was the most important and main Divāni tome where all the daily events, such as interventions, expenditures, and matters such as handing over responsibilities, complaints, events, and decrees issued, were written in order and day-by-day, along with their details.

Since what is said in general cultures about the idiomatic and legal meaning of ruznāmje is often not accurate. In this article, an attempt has been made to define and analyze the term "ruznāme" according to the first-hand sources of Estifā (Bureaucratic science) and its features and characteristics. Also, with the same approach, it has been tried to express the difference between the Daftar-e ruznāme and other similar Divāni tomes.

This article addresses to narrotologyof the anecdote the mouse belonging to frog in masnavi manavi based on theory of Greimas. The auothers try to indicate how to match the structure of the narrative with the model of Greimas. Greimas who is theorist in the field of narrationConsiders the character to be part of the text and subordinate to the action. By placing the main agent in the centre in relation to the goal he changed the role that propp had described and proposed to a new model in this research using descriptive analysis method it was determined that the narrative change of the anecdote can be adapted base on the of situation in comparison to dual confrontation and from actors point of view. There are two models of action in two separate situation and interpretation of the anecdote also were analyzed in two situation s. The plot of the story is logically coherent and resonate with gerems model

The process of globalization and the competitive spirit of nations to achieve developmental aspirations have led to extensive cultural and social transformations. Although these changes are inherent and an inseparable part of societies, they have weakened national identity and ethnic cultures, which deserve attention to elements of national coexistence and the richness of ethnic culture in order to witness greater dynamism in multicultural societies and national cohesion. Therefore, to achieve these goals, societies need to revisit local subcultures. This research aims to explore the manifestations of the tradition of cooperation in the culture and folklore of the Kalhori Kurdish, which has historically strengthened past communities, using both library and field methods, with a descriptive-analytical approach and an interdisciplinary perspective, to find scientific answers to the research questions. These questions include: What aspects of interaction and cooperation existed in the culture and lifestyle of the Kalhori people in the past? Did cooperation and interaction play a role in poverty alleviation, strengthening social relations, advancing activities, managing human resources, and the lives of Kalhori Kurdish speakers in Iwan-e Gharb and Somar-e Gharb? And is there currently a reflection of these cultural relations in the folklore of the Kalhori? The findings of the research indicate that there are noteworthy manifestations of interaction and cooperation in the folklore of the Kalhori, which have played a significant role in advancing social goals, facilitating tasks, boosting the economy, managing human resources, ending ethnic conflicts, and eradicating poverty from Kalhori communities. Furthermore, it is observed that some of these relationships are currently reflected in the folklore of the Kalhori.

Accountancy in word means to take one's right or property completely, or to fulfill the right of something completely, and in the term, it is the knowledge of the laws with which the state accountant used to determine the income and expenditure of the property of the court and the quality and quantity of its calculations, and financial documents and books. This work was done in the Accountancy office and the person in charge was called the state accountant. In other words, court affairs and secretarial writing were divided into two main parts: 1) Letter Writing; and 2) Accountancy. This research aims to provide a comprehensive and accurate definition of the term Accountancy with the method of library study and according to the documents and manuscripts written by state accountants. Also, according to the evidence of these terms used in literary texts, to analyze the necessity of dealing with such terms, important points in their analysis and definition, and their place and importance in Persian historical and literary texts

The complexity of language has led to a wide range of methods and scientific approaches in its study, one of which examines the relationship between language and gender. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method and a library-based approach, investigates how feminine gender influences the language of the novel Koli Kenare Atash. It explores the patterns through which femininity is expressed in the linguistic signs and language used in the text, and subsequently, how these usages represent female identity. In this novel, which seeks to portray the fragmented identity of women within a traditional society, the author initially embodies femininity through the unique application of linguistic codes in the narrative. These patterns include emotional language, monologue-driven speech, distinctive use of interrogative sentences, color terms, descriptive language focused on the body, lexical poverty, the language of silence, prescriptive language, sensory language, and the use of hesitation markers. Through employing these linguistic codes, the author successfully creates twelve linguistic subjects, each embodying various stereotypical roles and gender schemas associated with women.

In this article, it is intended to investigate and analyze some parameters of Persian language writing in the structure of curriculum and teaching methods in schools. The study was carried out in a descriptive-analytical and library manner, and it tried to answer two fundamental questions: 1. what parameters in the structure of the curriculum and its content (macrostructure) need attention and revision? 2. What considerations are suggested in the field of Persian writing teaching methods (microstructure)? To answer the first question, a comparative analysis was conducted on the content of the official curriculum of Iran and England. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that the structures of the Persian language - including graphemes and morphological and derived morphemes - do not have a specific system based on education, and the revision of the prevailing phonetic and written system and rules is necessary to organize and comprehensive the curriculum. To answer the second question, two components, i.e. textbooks and teachers' teaching methods, were examined in 3 fields:, the teaching of Persian vocabulary,, teaching Arabic vocabulary;, calligraphy as a special feature of Persian writing, explaining based on the Ellis model used for the reading process.

The Islamic Revolution had a profound impact on all aspects of Iranian society, including political, social, economic, religious, and more. It transformed and revolutionized them. Persian literature, especially poetry, was also subjected to the influence of the revolution in a way that led to the emergence of a new literary genre called 'Islamic Revolutionary Literature. One of the notable transformations in the literature of the revolution, compared to the literature before it, is the growth and dynamic expansion of revolutionary poetry, which is subject to examination in terms of both structure (form) and the content of the poetry.Given that revolutionary poetry is purposeful and oriented towards transcendence, it inherently possesses a progressive, dynamic, and active form and structure. This article aims to categorize and analyze the various aspects of semantic and structural dynamism in the poetry of the revolution (21 works by 17 poets). The authors of this research intend to investigate the impact of the Islamic Revolution on the dynamism of meaning and form (structure) in the poetry of this era. They seek to determine whether the Islamic Revolution, similar to other socio-political transformations, has fundamentally influenced Persian literature (especially poetry). Has the Islamic Revolution had a significant and fundamental impact on the dynamism of meaning and form in poetry and literature? On which strategies is the dynamism of poetry more prominently based before and after the revolution?

The aim of the current research is to analyze the quality and relationship between the images of the fourth grade Persian book and the text of the courses. The method of data collection is library and in terms of data collection method, it is qualitative and content analysis type. The studied population includes the fourth grade Persian book published in 1401, and the method of conducting this research is the full enumeration sampling method; In the way that all the images of the fourth Persian book have been examined. The findings of this research show that 44% of the pages of this book contain images. Also, 91% of these pictures are related to the text of the lessons. As a result, in terms of the relationship between the images and the text of the lesson, in some cases, it needs more attention and revision. The degree of adaptation of the images to the cultural issues and daily needs of the society has also been observed to a large extent; In such a way that 91% of the Persian images of the fourth grade are consistent with the culture and issues of the day.

The aim of the current research is to analyze the quality and relationship between the images of the fifth grade Persian book and the text of the courses. The method of data collection is library and in terms of data collection method, it is qualitative and content analysis type. The studied population includes the fifth grade Persian book published in 1401, and the method of conducting this research is the full enumeration sampling method; In the way that all the images of the fifth Persian book have been examined. The findings of this research show that 38% of the pages of this book contain images. Also, 83% of these pictures are related to the text of the lessons. As a result, in terms of the relationship between the images and the text of the lesson, in some cases, it needs more attention and revision. The degree of adaptation of the images to the cultural issues and daily needs of the society has also been observed to a large extent; In such a way that 93% of the Persian images of the fifth grade are consistent with the culture and issues of the day.

This research is an analytical study of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin to recognize its place and importance in Persian literature. Riyādh al-Moḥebbin is a work of ethics and mysticism written between 1264 and 1270 AH. This book contains fictional and historical anecdotes about love and all its kinds. The book also contains many poems by Mawlanā, Sa'adi, Ḥāfeẓ, and other great Persian poets that represent the author's literary studies. The author also, has composed many poems, mainly in the form of a Masnavi, that, although are poetically moderate, some have been appropriate to state and expressed while anecdotes through the characters' language. Also, at the end of the book, some other parts of his poems have a poignant theme of the epic of Ḥosayni, one of the most influential Āšurā poems, expressing the strong feelings and beliefs of the writer for the fifth of al-Aba. The study also argues about the pseudonym assignment of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin to Rezā-Qolī Ḵān Hedayāt, and this claim is rejected on the basis of the evidences contained in the text. In continue, the most accurate reference available from the printed and manuscript versions of this work has been introduced. In this contribution, firstly, the materials were collected through library research, and then the research questions and hypotheses were organized. Subsequently, the obtained information was classified and its stylistic characteristics were extracted from the point of view of historical stylistics and a structural point of view with the case study of Riyādh al-Moḥebbin.

One of the oldest methods of linguistic communication is through storytelling and storytelling. This method can be used as an educational tool in the development of language skills, especially in learning a second language and for language learners of all ages. Studies show that storytelling is more effective than traditional teaching in language teaching, one of the reasons being the attractiveness of the story and its entertaining nature for the language learner audience. Also, since the language and culture of each nation are interrelated, familiarity with the culture of a nation, which is reflected in the mirror of stories and tales, can increase the motivation to learn the language of that country and motivate the learner beyond language learning. Take a closer look at the culture and literature of that nation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance and impact of this educational tool on four language skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) and to provide techniques for its optimal implementation, which is focused on teaching Persian to non-Persian speakers. The application of some of these techniques, in addition to the above four skills, is also effective in teaching vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar. To ensure the effectiveness of this research, we experimentally tested it on a class of linguists at Allameh Tabatabai University and presented the results of this research.

ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Tabrīzī known as “Falak ʿAlā Tabrīzī”, the author of the late 7th and early 8th AH, had three educational books on Letter Writing and Accountancy (Istīfā) named Laṭāʾif Sharafī, Saʿādat-Nāmah and Qānūn al- Saʿādat. These three are of the oldest books on Accountancy (Istīfā) education ever known which unfortunately have not been scientifically and critically published yet. In this article, the biography of the author and the importance of his books in the art of Accountancy (Istīfā) are discussed. As a result, by comparing the books, we find it necessary to refer to all three of them in their critical edition and lexical studies of the terms contained therein.

The term barāt, originally derived from Arabic barā't, has been used as a bureaucratic term in ancient Persian texts by two meanings: the earliest usage was a receiving document or a receipt were issued by treasurer in turn for goods, and the other, a bureaucratic manuscript documented by the court seal through which the government agent could transfer the money or the goods had committed to pay to another person or reference. Since what has occurred in general dictionaries as idiomatic and bureaucratic meaning of barāt is often tolerant, referring to the first-hand resources, it has been tried in present essay to analyze the apparent and functional features of the term barāt. It has also endeavored, through this approach to express the differences of barāt with similar terms such as “taliq” and “muthannā”.

This article, in order to depict the value and emphasize on the necessity of cognition about the epic of Battālnāmeh in Persian literature, first introduces this epic, its theme and its famous hero and then studies the attendance history of seyyid Battāl in Turkish, Arabic, and Persian literature and deliverers a list of various and multilingual manuscripts of this epic. In the following part, the paper talks about the possible narrator of this epic and in the final part, it introduces the Persian manuscript of Battālnāmeh and explains some special features of this manuscript.

This study is a meditation in Hojviri’s Apparoch about Hallaj that based on his implicit Comments. By analysis of evidences, research structure was offered in nine part: acquaintance history between Hojviri and Hallaj, Hojviri’s apparoch to agree and disagree views about Hallaj, Hallaj relationship with suifis and the reason of their denial, Motivation plan of another Hallaj, Hallaj and Mlamtyh, Rejection of Hallaj Transduction Belief, Rejection of Hallaj magic accusation, Proofing dignity of Hallaj, unacceptable opinions of Hallaj.